Pūmua biosynthesis - rite tupu te reira?

puta Pūmua biosynthesis i roto i whēkau katoa, te kopa, me ngā pūtau. Ko te nui nui rawa o te pūmua synthesized i roto i te ate. Ribosomes kawe pūmua biosynthesis. Matū, ribosomes - nucleoproteins tito o tuipūmua (50-65%) me te pūmua (35-50%). waikawa Ribonucleic He wāhanga o potakataka kiriuwhi, te wahi puta te kaupapa biosynthesis me ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua synthesized.

E kitea Ribosomes roto te pūtau i roto i te puka o tautau o 3 ki te 100 wae - polysomes (polyribosomes). Kei te nuinga o te wā Ribosomes tuati-miro moku, kitea i raro i te karu whārahi irahiko - me te RNA.

Ia ribosome Odin ki synthesize ratou ake mekameka polypeptide, he rōpū - e rave rahi taua mekameka me ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua.

Hipanga o te pūmua biosynthesis

Whakahohenga o ngā waikawa amino. I roto i te hyaloplasm i inu interstitial rite ki te hua o te tūringiringi, rerewai waka kaha o te amino riro waikawa ranei. Ia momo o te amino me imino whākōkī pāhekoheko ki te takitahi - aminoatsilsintetazoy. Tauhohenga whakahohe tīhiko konupora, konupora, konukurahina. He he waikawa amino whakahohe.

Biosynthesis Pūmua (atamira tuarua) - me te tauhohe i te pūhui ki te waikawa amino m-RNA whakahohe. waikawa Hohea amino (aminoacyl adenylate) te whakamahi i whākōkī whakawhiti ki te t-RNA o te cytoplasm. catalyzed te tukanga e synthetases aminoacyl-tRNA. i honoa e toenga waikawa amino te ki te rōpū hydroxyl o te carboxyl ngota tuarua Carbo ribose nucleotide tRNA.

Pūmua biosynthesis (toru o atamira) - transportation o te matatini o te waikawa amino whakahohe ki m-RNA i te pūtau o te ribosome. Ko te waikawa amino hono ki te tRNA, kua whakawhitia i hyaloplasm i runga i te ribosome. catalyzed te tukanga e whākōkī motuhake, i roto i nei te tinana, ko te e kawea e kore e iti iho i 20. ētahi waikawa amino e rave rahi tRNA (hei tauira, valine me leucine - toru tRNA). Ka whakamahia e tēnei tukanga te pūngao o GTP me ATP. āhuatanga te taahiraa wha o te biosynthesis e here o aminoacyl-t-RNA matatini me te RNA - ribosome. Aminoacyl-tRNA, haere ki te ribosome pāhekoheko ki te m-RNA. uru ia wahi t-RNA te o toru nucleotides - anticodon. Ko te wahi mRNA hāngai reira ki toru nucleotides - codon. Ia codon hāngai tRNA anticodon me kotahi te waikawa amino. I roto i te biosynthesis e piri ki te ribosomes i roto i te puka aminoacyl-tRNA waikawa amino, e huaina i roto i te tikanga i whakaritea i roto i te whakanohonga o codons me mRNA e hanga e i roto i te mekameka polypeptide.

Ko te wāhanga i muri o te kōtuitanga pūmua - ko te tomokanga o te mekameka polypeptide. I muri e rua tata anticodon aminoacyl-tRNA piri ki to ratou codon-RNA, nga tikanga mo te kōtuitui o te mekameka polypeptide. Hanga i te here peptide. E catalyzed ēnei tukanga synthetases peptide, whakahohe tīhiko Mg me take āhua pūmua tomokanga F1, F2, F3. Ko te puna o te pūngao matū he waikawa guanozintrifosfatnaya.

Whakamutunga o te mekameka polypeptide. Ko te ribosome, i i synthesized i runga i te mata o te mekameka polypeptide, me te mekameka tae te mutunga-RNA, ake nei "hūpeke" i roto o taua mea. Ki te mutunga ritenga o te mRNA piri i roto i tona wahi te ribosome hou, e synthesizes tetahi rāpoi ngota polypeptide. wehe te mekameka polypeptide te i te ribosome me te excreted i roto i hyaloplasm. kawea ana tēnei tauhohenga i roto i te whakamahi i te take tuku motuhake (R), hono nei ki te ribosome me whakahaere te tauhohenga wai o te hononga'Eta i waenganui i te polypeptide me tRNA.

Ethers me i hanga i roto i nga mekameka polypeptide hyaloplasm o pūmua matatini. I hanga Tuarua, tuatoru, me te i roto i te maha ngā take - te hanganga quaternary o te muingota o te pūmua. Ko te kupu i reira te biosynthesis pūmua i roto i te pūtau.