MPLS - he aha te mea te reira?

I roto i te hinonga hou i roto i te hanga hanganga o te rangatōpū whatunga hangarau MPLS taea te tono. He aha e ona āhuatanga? He aha e nga painga kua reira i runga i ngā hangarau ararere tuku iho?

ngā mōhiohio whānui e pā ana te hangarau

He aha te mea pau MPLS? He aha te mea tenei hangarau? MPLS - Ko te ariā rite ki nei whatunga rorohiko kawea pākete whakamua. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua - ki te whakahere i te rerekē ki te tātaritanga a te momo o ngā pane pouara IPLP runga pākete katoa, kawea nei i roto i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau i te aronga mō rātou whakawhiti ki te wae muri o te hanganga. I roto i te take i reira whakahohe te hangarau i roto i te pātai kei te, whakamana te tātaritanga pane te kotahi ki runga ki tomo i te whatunga MPLS, a ka tīmata te arowhai ōritetanga i waenganui i te tawhā me ngā āhuatanga pākete awa.

āhuatanga hoahoa MPLS

hangarau whakawhanakehia tohunga MPLS paanga i roto i te whakatutukitanga o te kawa kōrero ao e he e tika ana hoki e rua hanganga taiawhio-whakawhiti o awa, me mo tono i reira tuku nga pākete. Ka taea te tuku i te whatunga MPLS ki te whānuitanga o ngā momo waka - IP, ATM, Itarangi, SONET, SDH. kawea Development o te ariā i roto i tango ki pūkete te pakaritanga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te pūrongo o mua o rite whakaaro. Ko te kupu i roto i te tahi mau āhuatanga o MPLS Ko tā te whakatinanatanga o te hātepe ohie i roto i te rite ki te huarahi e whakamahia ana i roto i rongoā tuku iho. E ai ki te tohunga, e taea ki te teke'i i te mākete o te rongoā tuku iho, e tohu e kua mahi nga ngā MPLS he mahi pai o te mä me te universalization o te ariā te taputapu whatunga e tautoko ana te hangarau MPLS, he.

MPLS ko IP

Na e matau ana tatou ki nga mau parau tumu o MPLS ariā o te mea ahua o te hangarau. I roto i te whatunga tikanga, e whakamahi kawa TCP-IP, whakatinana pākete ararere te whakamahi i te IP-wāhitau rorohiko ki i tuku te pākete te. I roto i te whatunga ki pouara katoa riro mōhiohio e pā ana ki te mea whakahohe te atanga e i roto i te whakawhiti raraunga, me te i runga i te rorohiko ki runga e hiahia ana koe ki te anga i te mōkihi nāianei.

I roto i te take o MPLS whai wāhi kawea huarahi rerekē. Ia, ka rite ki matou e matau kua, tā te whakatinanatanga o Kawa Tapanga Whakawhitiwhiti. E herea ratou ki te pākete motuhake, tuku e te roto i te whatunga. Pouara te fariiraa i te reira, i te wa ano i te mōhiohio e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te whakawhiti i te raraunga i runga i - i runga i te pūtake o te uara ngā, i te mea MPLS-tapanga. Kia kï hoki, e te tū reira kei roto te te MPLS-pane i waenganui i te anga me te mōkihi i roto i runga i te hōputu. Ko reira taa'eraa e kia whakanohoia ai e rave rahi tūtohu i runga i te mōkihi kotahi. Hei tohu e te tapanga ngā - te whakamutunga i roto i te rōpū; e whakamahia haki motuhake.

Ka riro te reira whai hua ki te whakaaro i roto i te taipitopito atu nga hua o te hangarau i roto i te pātai, i mua i te rongoā tuku iho.

hua matua o MPLS: te tōtika o te tukatuka raraunga

Ko te painga tino nui o MPLS i utu iti te wa mo te tukatuka raraunga atu ka whakatairite IP-wāhitau. I tua atu, te whakaiti hangarau MPLS te wa e te reira ki te anga pākete te whakamahi i pouara matua. Ka taea te whakamana tata whakawhitinga ki te whakamahi o ngā tikanga maha, ki nei whakamahi tūtohu motuhake i roto i te pākete raraunga tuku e te whatunga. Ki tenei puka wehe rerenga whakawhiti.

Hua o MPLS: rehe

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga nui o te ariā - rehe. Tata e taea te whakatinana i tetahi whatunga IP MPLS. Kei te tautoko pai i te hangarau i roto i te pātai i te taumata taputapu. I roto i taea ki te whakamahi i, rongoā utu mō te whakatinana i MPLS parau tumu - Mikrotik, hei tauira. te mau parau tumu ao o te hanganga ki te kawe i te āhua pai. Heoi, me kia kawea te hoahoa a te whirihoranga pūmārō whatunga MPLS i e tohunga mātanga. Tuatahi o te katoa - i roto i te wahi o te matauranga mātau o te hoahoanga whatunga āhuatanga o ona wae pūmārō.

Hua o MPLS: Scalability

MPLS hanganga he tohu tauineine me tiketike o te mana motuhake o te mahi ki te whakapai kanohi ki tikanga rerekē e ai tuku raraunga te. Pū paerewa motuhake whakatinana i te apa hono, e kore e mea faufaa te reira. Ki te whakataki o te whatunga MPLS kore he tika ki te mahi o nga kupenga taumata tuarua e kua papaitia mo te tuku o etahi momo o hokohoko. Mai i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te whakarōpū o te momo o whatunga whakawhitinga MPLS totonu pēnei ki te hanganga, i roto i nei te whakawhitinga pākete.

Te hoahoanga MPLS: te kōwae taketake

Kia ako tatou he aha whakaaro tūmanakohia te ki te whakamahi i roto i ngā whatunga te wahi tano te ariā MPLS, he aha te ahua o te hanganga i roto i ngā o te whakamahi o ngā rauemi pūmārō. Ka taea e te pūrere matua, e wawao, kia huaina he anga o te hangarau e tika ana:

- he hototahi ki MPLS ariā, me te tikanga kawa tuku raraunga ki te pouara;

- pouara atanga ki te pūrere ki runga nei e kore e whakamana i te Whakawhitiwhiti Kawa Tapanga (tae atu e tika ana ki te kore o te tautoko MPLS);

- he rōpū o ngā pūrere whatunga e kua whakamahia mō te whakawhiti ki te whakamahi o ngā tapanga i raro i te pūnaha whakahaere, me ararere whānui.

I roto i te meka, te pūrere o te momo tuatahi te hanga i te rōpū mahi, e, i roto i te tahuri, mahia te rohe. MPLS-pouara rua momo mahi rohe rohe o teie rohe.

Ko te mau parau tumu o MPLS-whakawhitinga

Ako te mea te pūtake o te mau parau tumu i hanga whakawhiti i roto i te hangarau i roto i te pātai. Ka rite ki ta tatou e matau kua, he wāhanga matua o te MPLS - ko te tapanga. Tiri Ko te pūtake o te hangarau e hāngai ana. pākete katoa e kua tuku i roto i te kupenga, e pā ana ki te tetahi momo o te apa whatunga. Ia o ratou i te wa taua tāutuhia e te tapanga ngā. He ahurei tōna uara anake ka whakaaro i roto i te anga o te totoro ngā o te ara e rere i waenganui i nga kōpuku o te whatunga, kei nei i roto i te tata, e ko, te pouara o te momo tuatahi (kia rite ki te whakarōpū whakaaro e tatou i runga). kupu ka Tetahi mōkihi ngā te tapanga. Heoi, ka whakawhirinaki te tikanga o tona feohi ki te mōkihi i runga i te mea ahua o te hangarau e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanganga hongere whatunga.

Kōrero i waenganui i te pouara

Ranei e taea te pouara tono te mōhiohio whatunga mā te he hātepe hototahi ki MPLS - BGP, hei tauira. Te mahi matua o te pūrere i roto i tenei take - ki te whakarite utu raraunga ki tata devaysa mā te tufaki tapanga, muri whakamahia hoki te whakaaro o te whakawhitinga. te faaiteraa i Just taea te mahi i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. Hei tauira, e taea te whakahohe i te kawa LDP whakarerekētia putanga o te tahi atu paerewa ararere whakamahia e te kaiwhakahaere whatunga ranei.

wāhanga ripanga

I roto i te tukanga o te tohatoha o ngā tūtohu e hanga e ara raraunga motuhake i rerekē whakaaro kōrero. I runga i ia o nga pouara whakamahia tano te tepu e whakarato ōrite o ngā wāhanga e pā ana ki te atanga tāuru, me ngā wāhi e whakaatu nga āhuatanga o te hanganga putanga. He pouara te fariiraa i te mōkihi ngā i roto i runga i te tau atanga, me te tai'oraa i te uara tapanga e whakatakotoria hoki ngā raraunga tuku tohua atanga putanga. I roto i tenei take, fakatonutonu te uara o mua i roto i te tūtohu te ka whakakapi i te hou, kitea nei i roto i te wahi o te tepu te wahi e whakaritea te tūtohu putanga, ka patua te pākete te ki tetahi atu mema o te hanganga whatunga.

kawa MPLS riro te tāutu tuku o ngā uara mara takitahi whakaritea i roto i te kotahi rarangi o te tepu whakamahia. IP-адрес исходного устройства имеет самый длинный префикс в рамках таблицы маршрутизации. A he tika ki te meka e te ariā i runga ake taea te whakawhiti atu tere o raraunga i roto i rite ki te tikanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te ararere noa ina kua te kuhimua roa i roto i te tepu ararere te IP-wāhitau o te pūrere pūtake tenei.

Ko te hanganga o MPLS

A feruri i roto i te kōrero atu te hanganga o te ariā whatunga i roto i te pātai āhuatanga. Kei o rua wāhanga matua MPLS:

- matua;

- Taitapa rohe.

Ko te hanganga matua kei whakaaro e hiahiatia ana e te ki te tautoko i MPLS. E whakamahia ratou rite wāhanga o te hanganga mō te ararere waka i roto i te kawa waea-ake. Te kupu, tapaea nga whakaaro mahi matua i roto i te matua - whakawhitinga.

I roto i te tahuri, hāngai te rohe rohe: hoki whakarōpū pākete rite ki paearu whakapumautia, mo te whakatinanatanga o ngā ratonga e pā ana - pērā i te hunga e pā ana ki te tuku raraunga tātari, mō te whakahaere i hokohoko whatunga. Tenei tohatoha o ngā mahi i waenganui i te matua me te rohe rohe taea ki a koe te whirihora MPLS ngā pūrere wāhi-motuhake whatunga-motuhake i roto i te whatunga.

Methods pākete tohu

ka ako tatou i roto i te taipitopito nui te tikanga i roto i i whakamana tuku raraunga e tohu pākete te whakamahi i MPLS-tapanga. Tuatahi o te katoa kia tuhia ai e kua te āhuatanga e whai ake nei matua te tapanga: he roa whakaritea, ahurei i roto i te horopaki o te pūhui kotahi, kawea nei i roto i waenganui i pouara tata.

I roto i te meka, taea te whakamahi i te tapanga ki te uara taua i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whatunga, engari anake i roto i te anga o te kōrero i waenganui i takitahi o pouara nga takirua. Heoi, i roto i tenei take, me whakatau i te pūrere ahakoa haere mai te reira i te mōkihi ki te raraunga e hāngai ana ki te tapanga i tohua. I roto i te mahi, roto i te māmā o hononga whatunga kia whakahaeretia ai te huinga taua o MPLS-tapanga i roto i te atanga.

I roto i te hanganga matatini atu titau te reira i te whai wāhi o te huinga motuhake o ngā tūtohu i roto i te kōwae motuhake pūrere ranei. Tonu i mua i te uru atu o te mōkihi, whakawaeheretia MPLS-tohu rite ki te hātepe i whakaritea. Ki te whakahohe i te kawa IP whatunga te, whakanohoia te tūtohu i roto i te pane pākete. I roto i te tahi atu te wā, kua kitea te reira i roto i te mea kua te pane kawa i roto i te apa hono raraunga. Hoki, ka taea te kawea te reira i roto i te uara ngā whakawaehere.

Taupānga o ngā rōpū tapanga

I roto i te whatunga tuku raraunga raro whakaarohia mā te whakamahi i te ariā o te hanganga o te pōkai kia hakari, rite tuhia i runga matou, tapanga te rōpū - tāpae. Ka taea e ia o ratou pā i te mahi o te tua tango o etahi tūtohu ranei. I roto i tenei take, i te hua whakawhitinga motuhake te tihi ano i homai anake. Ko tēnei āhuatanga o te raraunga i roto i te kupenga MPLS taea ki tatou whakatinana i te kōrero kauhanga. He hakari e whai he roa o 32 paraire te wae tāpae. I roto i homai i tenei take 20 te he tapanga, 8 - i te wā ora counter pākete, 1 - tohu te rohe o raro o te rōpū tapanga, 3 - e kore e whakamahi i roto i te mahi. I roto i te whānui, tetahi uara tūtohu taea - anake mo te maha o rāhui.

Ko te hanganga o te ara whakawhiti

Ki tino matau, he aha e te mau parau tumu mahi whatunga MPLS, he aha te ahua o te hangarau, ka whai hua ki te ako i te hanganga o te ara kē hanga e te ki te hanganga whatunga āhuatanga. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua ko e ngā reira o te huinga o ngā pae - i runga i te taumata kotahi. whakawhiti ratou te mahi mā te whakamahi i te tapanga i runga i te taumata motuhake.

Ko te hanganga o te taumata ngā o te whakamahi tūmanakohia o nga pouara kōkuhu me te whakaputa. Runga ake tatou tuhia e i roto i MPLS taea te whakamahi whatunga kawa LDP. Kia ako tatou pehea e taea te hanga te ara whakawhitinga ki te whai wāhi o te LDP.

Te taahiraa matamua i roto i te tuku pākete UDP, tērā pea ka āhei te maha nui o ngā wāhitau, pouara, whakaturia koutou ake tauwāhi i roto i te whatunga - mā te whakamahi i LDP. taea hoki e whakaritea te reira e te hononga i waenganui i te pouara kore e e no ki te teihana kotahi. He nui i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te whakatinanatanga o te hōputu raraunga i roto i te kauhanga tenei āhuatanga o te hanganga o te whatunga.

Kia te wāhi o te Pouara tāutatia, tīmata kawa LDP pūhui ko TCP, i.e. runga reira. Hei wāhanga o reira hanga te tono ki te kōkiri here, me te mōhiohio e pā ana ki a ia. i waenganui i ngā pūrere rerekē hoki e taea te tuku karere whakamātau i roto i te tikanga ki te tuakiri te mahi whatunga.