Ko te kaituhi o te hiriwa Age. Ko te tuhinga o te hiriwa Age i Russia

Ko te tuhinga o te hiriwa Age i Russia, hanga i te tahuri o nga rau tau 19 me te 20, ko te wahi nui o te tupu toi o to tatou whenua. Hoki i te āhuatanga i tēnei wā i te aroaro o maha ngā rerekē me hinaaro, ka ngoikore wä tūturu i roto i kore anake te momo o kaituhi, engari ano hoki kua he wahi ara i roto i nga mahi o takitahi kaituhi, kaitito me toi. I roto i tenei wā, faaapîraa, ö maha ngā momo me momo o toi. Ka rite ki tuhia e M. Nesterov, i reira ko "he anō whānui o uara."

Ahakoa i roto i whakaaro ahu whakamua me te tau ahurea kitea he pā ana, kino ki te kainga tupu auaha mahue e democrats hou.

ino

ahurea Art i roto i te whānui me te tuhinga o te hiriwa Age i Russia, i ngā i te tahuri o 19-20 rau tau i tohua e te ino whānui ( "ino"), ki te kauwhau i te whakapono i roto i te take, i te mate o mana'o tivira, tiaki whaiaro, wheako takitahi. Ko te kupu, i rapu etahi o nga pūkenga ki "mawhiti" i te mau fifi o te ora i roto i te ao o te unreality, moe, a ētahi wā pūngāwerewere. ka mau tenei tukanga wahi ki te kia, no te mea i taua wa i reira ko tetahi fifi i roto i te ora pāpori me te auahatanga toi whakaata anake reira.

Ino hopu ara nga māngai o te tūturu tohutohu i roto i te toi. Heoi, he āhuatanga o te māngai o ngā Onaianei tonu te nuinga o enei whakaaro.

Modernism me te talena i roto i te toi

Ko te wā "Modernism" tano ki maha momo o 20 rau toi. puta ia i te timatanga o te rau tau, a ko talena tona mua. Heoi, ko te whakamutunga i taua wa e kore ano mariri ki te mua, te whakawhetai ki te mana o te ao hōu reira tetahi āhuatanga hou: wehewehea "anga" kite o te ora, ka anga te rapu mo nga tikanga takitahi o te faaiteraa i roto i te toi.

Ko te āhuatanga tino nui o te toi o te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20 riro te kōtuitanga, te whakakotahi puka rerekē.

References tahuri o te rau tau

Hoki i nga 90 o te tuhinga Russian rau 19 puta aronga, ātete te rangatira i talena. Tino i roto ia ratou ko Modernism. He maha kaituhi o te hiriwa Age (ka rārangi o tohutohu me ratou māngai matua kia whakaaro i raro) te hopoia ka i roto o te talena. tonu ratou ki te waihanga, te hanga i ngā hou me ngā tohutohu.

Modernism

Ko te tuhinga o te hiriwa Age i Russia oroko Modernism. He i hanumi ngā kaitito me kaituhi, ētahi wā rawa rerekē i roto i to ratou ahua wä, me te toi. I taua wa, timata titauraa kaha Onaianei, i ko te faaururaa i muri nui o Friedrich Nietzsche, me pera me etahi kaituhi Russian, pērā i AA Kamensky, MP Artsybashev me ētahi atu. karangatia ratou te haere noa o hanga tuhituhi, tuku ki a ratou ano rite ona tohunga, kauwhautia te fifi o "superman", fakafisi i mana'o pāpori, me te morare.

tohu

Ka rite ki te aronga o te fakataipe i Russia ka mau āhua i te tahuri o 19-20 tenetere. Tohatoha "kaumatua" o nga Symbolists, e ngā Brusov, F. Sologub, Konstantin Balmont, Z. Gippius, me ētahi atu nei i te tuatahi ki te mahi i roto i tenei aronga. Hoki ngā mema o te atu teina ngā kaituhi o te hiriwa Age o Andrei Bely, V. Ivanov, S. Soloviev, poraka, me etahi atu. I rawa kanorau nga turanga ariā, rerehua, me te taumauri o tenei kaupapa. Hei tauira, kia rite ki V.Bryusov fakataipe ko reira pono toi, a ka mau Merezhkovsky rite te pūtake o Karaitiana; hāngai Vyacheslav Ivanov i runga i nga rerehua me te rapunga whakaaro o te tawhito ki te pakaru o Nietzsche, a ko aroha o te mahi o Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Kant, Solovyov A. White. I te matua o te Māoritanga o te symbolists "teina" Ko te kaupapa o Vladimir Soloviev ki te whakaaro o te haere mai o te Fakaefefine mure me te Faufaa Tuatoru.

mahue Symbolists he tukufakaholo o e rua whiti me te tuhi, me te whakaari. Ko reira ko atu āhuatanga o te rotarota i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā momo e te mahi o maha kaituhi o te hiriwa Age, mahi i roto i tenei aronga.

vy Bruce

Creativity vy Bryusov (1873-1924 gg.) Tei te momo o wero wä. Nga ngā orurehau o 1905 whakaohokia tona faahiahia, a tohua te timatanga o te wehenga atu i te tohu o te rohi pehe. Heoi, whiriwhiria tonu te aronga hou o Bruce, me te huru āhua ki te revolution, i he rawa whakahē. Poet koa nga ope i, i roto i tona whakaaro, i ki pure Russia o te mau parau tumu, me ngā whakapono tawhito, me te hoatu i te mutunga ki te ao tawhito. Heoi, i roto i tona mahi, a ka tuhia e ia e hopoi mai tenei ope timatanga whakangaromanga. "Ofatiraa - ka e ahau ki a koutou hanga -! Kore" - tuhituhi VJ Bruce.

Hoki te āhuatanga tona mahi e te whai o te māramatanga pūtaiao o te ora, (kua te rārangi o ngā māngai o te fakataipé kua tohua i runga ake) te moni whakahoutia i roto i te hītori, ngā nei e te tahi atu kaituhi o te hiriwa Age.

talena

ngā whakahēnga wä āhuatanga o te wā e rite ana te katoa, kua pāngia a i roto i te tahi mau kaituhi nōna ki. Hei tauira, i roto i te mahi o L. kitea Andreev te wehenga atu i te mau parau tumu kiko.

Otiia e kore e kua talena whānui ngaro. Ko te tuhinga o nga kaitito hiriwa Age nei puta mai i roto o te talena, kua puritia tenei aronga. Kei te kitea tonu te aitua o te tangata noa, te ngā raruraru pāpori, te ora i roto i ona momo maha i roto i te ahurea. Ko tētahi o nga māngai nui o talena i te wa ko te kaituhi Bunin (1870-1953 gg.). I roto i te wā i mua i-orurehau uaua i hanga e ia te kōrero "Te Village" (1910), me te "Valley maroke" (1911).

Acmeism

I 1910, i reira ko totohe e karapoti ana i te tohu, me kua reira he raruraru. I roto i te wahi o tenei rohe kei te āta haere mai Acmeism ( "Acme" i roto i te Kariki - te taumata teitei, te reira te wā ki te matomato). whakaaro nga kaiwhakatū o te au hou te ki kia NS Gumilev ko SM Gorodetsky. ngā ano tenei rōpū nga kaituhi o te hiriwa Age OE Mandelstam, MA Kuzmin, V. Khodasevich, AA Akhmatova, MA Zenkevich me ētahi atu.

Rerekē etahi rangirua, tohu nebula, whakaaturia acmeists tona tautoko oraraa fenua nei, "he mārama outlook i runga i te ora." I tua atu, ka kawea Acmeist tuhinga o te hiriwa Age (kaitito me kaituhituhi ano hoki e kua tika kua whakarārangitia) ki te toi o te mahi rerehua, me te arearea, e ngana ana ki te tiki atu i ngā raruraru pāpori i roto i te whiti. I roto i te rongo mārama Acmeism taumu'a ino, me te tautoko ariā o tenei au ko te idealism taumauri. haere etahi kaituhi Russian o te hiriwa Age i roto i tona mahi, kua meinga nei e te kounga wä, me te toi hou (hei tauira, AA Akhmatova, MA Zenkevich SM Gorodetsky).

I te tau 1912, i whanau ia i te kohinga "Hyperborean", i roto i nei whakapuakina te tuhinga hou mo te wa tuatahi iho. whakaaro Acmeists ratou riiwhi o fakataipé e pā ana ki i mea Gumilev ia "oti tona porohita o te whanaketanga", a ka karangatia te pato'iraa o te maunu, te pakanga mo te huringa i roto i ngā āhuatanga ora, e maha i faaite te tuhinga o te hiriwa Age.

tamata māngai acmeism ki whakahauora pū, objectivity, horoi i te reira ki te mysticism - Writers. Ko e tino rerekē i te kiko o ratou whakapakoko, i roto i nga kupu o S. Gorodetsky, he ratou rite "... te whanau tuatahi" ka puta rite kore te tahi mea i kite i mua.

AA Akhmatova

I roto i te mahi i roto i tenei aronga mau te reira i te AA wahi motuhake Akhmatova. Ko te kohinga tuatahi o ona whiti, "Evening" puta i roto i te tau 1912. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira na roto i te reo whakamutua ano, hinengaro, kaupapa whakangaro ai, kare me te lyricism hohonu. AA Akhmatova mārama fakalili'a e te whakaaro o "Arama primordial," acmeists karangatia. Hoki tona mahi āhuatanga e aroha o te tangata, whakapono i roto i tona aravihi, me te kaha wairua. Te nuinga o te mahi o te rohi pehe taka i runga i te tau Soviet.

E rua kohinga tuatahi o Akhmatova, te faahitihia "Evening" me "Rosary" (1914), i kawea mai tona rongo nui. whakaata ratou tupu, ao whāiti i roto i nei mea hipoki ngā kōrero o te pouri, me te pouri. Ko te kaupapa o te aroha i konei, te nui tino me ahurei, tata hono ki te mauiui meinga e meka haurongo i te ora o te rohi pehe.

NS Gumilyov

Nui, me te tino tuku iho toi, NS Gumilyov. I roto i te mahi o ngā kaupapa matua o tenei rohi pehe i hītori, me te tāwāhi, ka waiata ia o "tuakiri kaha". whakawhanakehia Gumilev te ahua o te irava, a hanga i taua mea atu pau, me te whaia.

Kua tonu Acmeists auaha i whakahe ki nga Symbolists, no te mea i roto i a ratou mahi e taea te kitea "tahi atu ao", hiahia hoki ia. Gumilyov tuatahi pōwhiri i te revolution te tau i muri mai i tuhituhi te rotarota e pā ana ki te mate o te ao, te mutunga o te ao. ite e ia nga pānga kino o te whawhai e taea e kino mō te tangata. I roto i tona pehepehe "te Ohipa," te whakaaro o ia ki te ite tona mutunga o te matā proletarian koperea "e wehe i ahau i te whenua." i mahi i Nikolai Stepanovich mō te whai wāhitanga kiia i roto i te e whakatakotoria counter-hou.

Etahi o nga kaitito me ngā kaituhi o te hiriwa Age - māngai acmeism muri heke. kihai i etahi i taea ki te rave i te reira. Hei tauira, Anna Andreevna Ahmatova, tana wahine, NS Gumilyov, kihai i tangohia te nui Oketopa Revolution, Heoi, kihai ia ki te waiho tona whenua i whanau ai. Ēnei ngā mahue i roto i tona wairua i te tapuwae nui, a kahore he tonu e taea ki te hoki ki te mahi pehe. Heoi, faaara ano te Pakanga nui Patriotic i roto ia i te konohi, rohi pehe, māia i roto i te wikitoria o ratou whenua (te hua "itoito," "Ko e Fakapapau" me ētahi atu).

futurism

I te wa ano e rite ana Acmeism (arā, 1910-1912.), He he Futurism. Ia, kia rite ki kihai i te tahi atu wāhi ōrite, vydelyalyaya maha ngā ngā. Ko te nui rawa o ratou, Cubo, fā'ūtaha kaitito V. Mayakovsky, vv Klebnikov, DD Burliuk, vv Kamensky, Kruchenykh me etahi atu. Ko tētahi atu ahua o te futurism ko aroaro egofuturizm te mahi o I. raki. Ko te rōpū "centrifuge" i tīmata i kaitito nn Aseev ko Pasternak Pasternak, me ētahi atu kaituhi, me ngā kaituhi o te hiriwa Age.

kua revolutionized Futurism te puka e kua meinga nei motuhake o te ihirangi, kauwhautia ana e ia haere noa o korero, tino te faaru'eraa i te tonu tuhituhi me te iho. Manifesto Futurist "papaki i roto i te mata o te reka tūmatanui", whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1912, ka tohe te hunanga o te malangá ki taua mana nui, pera Tolstoy, Pushkin ko Dostoevsky.

Ko te kaituhi o te hiriwa Age o tuhinga Russian vv whakahaere Kamensky ko Velimir Khlebnikov ki te whakahaere i ngā angitu ki te kupu i tākiekina te whanaketanga atu o te whiti Russian.

vv Mayakovsky

I roto i timata nga Futurists ki te waihanga i tētahi punake nui vv Mayakovsky (1893-1930 gg.). I roto i te tau 1912 ka haere mai te whakaputanga o tona oriori tuatahi. kihai i Mayakovsky tika ki "katoa ahua o paraurehe," engari karangatia ano hoki te hiahia mo te ora tūmatanui hou. I kite Vladimir Vladimirovich te Oketopa Revolution, faahapa e ia te rangatiratanga o te "ngako", kitea nei i roto i tona whiti "War ko te rangimarie", "He Kapua i roto i tarautete", "te tangata", "Ko te tapahanga Flute" i roto i i whakakahore te pūnaha capitalist katoa, me te karangatia whakapono i roto i tangata.

Ētahi atu kaitito me kaituhi o te Age hiriwa

I roto i nga tau i mua i te revolution, i reira i te tahi atu kaitito kanapa, me ngā kaituhi o te hiriwa Age o tuhinga Russian, i te mea uaua ki te huanga ki te aronga ngā, hei tauira MA Voloshin, MI Tsvetaeva. Creative muri motuhake fakahāhaa'i āhuatanga, me te pato'iraa o tikanga tikanga o te whanonga me te waiaro.

ahurea Russian o tenei wa ko te hua o te ara nui, me te matatini. Ko tōna āhuatanga tūturu wā noho humanism tiketike, iwi me te manapori, ahakoa te pēhanga tiketike o te whakautu o te Kāwanatanga. Ka taea te kitea atu pārongo i roto i tetahi pukapuka ( "Literature", Grade 11), tika ngā Silver Age i te marautanga kura.