Ōhanga feudal

haere mai ōhanga feudal ki Europe ki te whakakapi i te aratau pononga o te whakahaere i roto i te toru ranei te wha rau AD. kihai i te huringa kotahi-taahiraa, āta, i tekau tau ki kaipupuri whenua tekau tau tono i roto i tona mauiui pononga latifundia, ka anga ki te whakarongo ki te meka e tōtika ōhanga tīmata whenua ki te peka ke āta. Ko tenei tika ki te raruraru whānui o te pūnaha pononga: pakanga o raupatu o Roma māmālie ngaro, kua maroke te tomonga o pononga i te waho ake, a e kore kua mau utuafare pononga he maha tamariki. A ki te whanaketanga o te tikanga agronomic kore he hiahia i roto i te hua o ratou pononga mahi, me te kore i taea e ratou, a kihai i pai qualitatively tukatuka whenua tika ruha.

I whakakapi te pononga Roma nuinga feudal Byzantine whakakitea tonu tona noho tuwhera tonu ōhanga. rangatiratanga he Tautangata e whakatika i runga i te pae o te Hau emepera Roma Western, rawa, e kore i te pononga. Mai i taua wa i timata ai te whanaketanga āta, me te tino o te pūnaha o te whakahaere, i muri mai ka mohiotia rite "ōhanga feudal." Auau o te pononga i roto i Europa (ina koa i roto i whenua Muslim) kore i te whakatangihanga a te tūranga ōhanga nui.

ōhanga feudal ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o te hapori, engari i te taumata āhua iti o te tono. Ko te tokomaha nui o kaipupuri iti fakatāutaha an kore ka whakanekehia whanaketanga kaha o te ōhanga. Reipa hua i roto i ēnei āhuatanga e kore i taea e tiketike. Heoi, he mea e kore e hoki te pa. Ehara i waho take i roto i te anotau Middle reira ko he kupu: "Ko te rangi o te pa hanga noa". Ko te tangata ahu whenua, e whakahaere ki te mawhiti i tona ariki, me te ora mo te maha o nga tau i roto i te pa, ka ture free. A, no te mea tatou "ōhanga feudal" tikanga i tenei ara wharekarakia o te mahi ahuwhenua anake. Ko te pa i te wa ko nga locomotives o hītori, ka anga ratou ki te puta ki te aroaro o nga timatanga o te hou, whanaunga capitalist: i reira wehenga manufactory o mahi.

Ka rite ki te hapori whakawhanake taupatupatu serfdom ka kitea rite te mano tau i mua i taua - te kore o te pononga. I roto i Europe, ka anga te āta whakakāhoretanga o serfdom, i nga wahi katoa taui ōhanga feudal i mua i te capitalist.

I roto i te nuinga o Europe , serfdom whakakorea i roto i te tekau ma waru - te hawhe tuatahi o te rautau tekau mā iwa. Ko tētahi o nga āhua whakamutunga kua i te Russian Empire, te wahi Whakakahoretia serfdom i roto i 1861. I muri mai, Whakakahoretia serfdom Russian i roto i Romania me Bulgaria. I roto i te wā katoa, kua tuhia whakapumautia kē whakahounga whanaunga capitalist hou.

whakamāramatanga Economic o ōhanga tōrangapū pūtaiao, "whanau" i roto i te rautau tekau mā iwa, ka te pūtake mo te whanaketanga o tikanga ā i roto i te rau tau rua tekau. i Puāwaitanga ko Post-capitalist ōhanga capitalist ōhanga uaua mīharo o te rau tau mua, me te faaheporaa ōhanga ki te mahi - nui atu whai hua atu i kore-ōhanga.