Paerewa Tiwhikete: Rosstandart. Whakatau i runga i ngā paerewa tohu

I roto i te Mahuru 2010, i tukuna he tikanga e te kāwanatanga Russian, i roto i nei te tikanga whakaritea paerewa tohu. whakawhanakehia Rosstandart tuhinga ārahitanga mō te arata'iraa i roto i te whakarite i te taurite o inenga. E whakaurua Mōhiohio e pā ana ki te paerewa inenga tohu i roto i te mōhiohio Fund Federation, a reira whakarite he paerewa ōrite puta noa i te whenua. He aha te mea te paerewa tohu, whakaritea Rosstandart ngā wā katoa, me te whānui, e ko te rite te mea e kia whakaaro i roto i tenei tuhinga.

He aha te mea te paerewa

ka karanga nga wae paerewa o inenga ā (paerewa inenga) ine tikanga ranei he huinga o ratou, te tikanga e te mo te rokiroki me te (ranei) te purei o te kōwae, me ki te tuku i tona inenga rahi tikanga anga kaupapa whakatika raro. Tenei tikanga ine (ranei he tikanga matatini) whakaaetia rite te tukanga paerewa whakapumautia, i te mea te paerewa tohu. whakarato Rosstandart ki tona akoranga matua o te tahi mau tuhipoka.

Tuatahi, ko te hoahoa tohutoro, he reira he huinga o ngā āhuatanga me ngā tikanga Te Tārua kōwae whakatau te āhua o te inenga ā-, te taumata o te taputapu inenga i roto i te wāhi ngā. Tuarua, paerewa tohu Rosstandart whakarato anake i roto i te take i reira he āhuatanga faufaa i te iti rawa e toru te tohutoro, me ia atu e pā ana tata. Tenei pumau, reproducibility me te slichaemost.

Paerewa o tuatahi, me te tuarua

1. Ko te paerewa tuatahi (paerewa tuatahi) ka karanga te tetahi e whakarato ana i te wae anō ki te pū rawa i roto i te whenua whakarite ki nga paerewa o te kōwae kotahi. Here, rawa, hanga he tuhipoka Rosstandart. e kore te mea ti'aturi i runga i te āhuatanga o te tahi atu paerewa metrology, te wahi whanganga rahinga o te kōwae taua paerewa tohu Metrological o ngā āhuatanga (anake paerewa tuatahi o ngā waeine).

2. ka karanga te tuatahi te paerewa motuhake e whakamahi kōwae i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, i.e. i iarere tiketike, me te ultrahigh i puai iti, me te tiketike, pāmahana, tenge, i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, me matū rite. A i roto i enei take te tono i te tikanga whakawhanakehia kototye Rosstandart. paerewa Tiwhikete te tārua wae i raro i ngā āhuatanga o te pū tino, kawea atu rite ki te tikanga ki runga ki a ratou.

3. paerewa Tuarua (paerewa Tuarua) ka karanga te tetahi e tango ana i te rahi o te waeine i te paerewa tuatahi o te kōwae iho. Ko ētahi o ēnei paerewa mahi, ngā paerewa o ngā tārua me ngā paerewa tohutoro, ka e kia kōrero i raro nei.

paerewa Tohutoro me te pūtake

1. Ko te paerewa o te whakarite (paerewa whakawhiti) ka karanga te tuarua, kei te whakamahia nei mo te whakarite, ki te kore e taea e te tuatahi te whakaemitanga tika. paerewa Tiwhikete o waeine whakatakoto Rosstandart whakahaere me te i roto i te wā pērā.

2. Tohutoro paerewa (tohutoro paerewa) ka karanga te tetahi e kua te mau huru metrological rawa o te hunga e e wātea ana mō tenei momo o te inenga i roto i te taiwhanga, i roto i te hinonga, whakahaere, mahi minita ti'amâraa ranei i te rohe, he whenua ranei i te rōpū ngā o whenua . Kei te ahu te reira i i te taketake wae tohutoro taumira awhenga ki reira i roto i te mea ruri.

Here, me te faatura ki te paerewa tohu o waeine homai hoki Rosstandart rua tuhipoka. Tuatahi, etahi whenua Kihi whakamahi hei utu o te tuarua paerewa taketake e homai te kaitiaki o te rahi wae paerewa, ko reira te paerewa tuatahi o te whenua. Tuarua, kei te maha i huaina aua paerewa e te hunga raro atu i roto i te kaupapa whakatika tuatahi paerewa kaiwhakahaere.

Etalon-tārua o te mahi, me te paerewa kāwanatanga

1. tārua-ka karanga tuarua, hoahoa nei ki te tuku i te rahi wae paerewa o te mahi te paerewa, whakakapi te reira i roto i ētahi wā tika, ara he paerewa tuatahi, ahakoa ehara i te mea i nga wa katoa he tārua tangohia o tona tinana. paerewa Tiwhikete o waeine he nui iti pea ki te whakamahi i tenei tikanga.

2. huaina te paerewa mahi (paerewa mahi) te rahi wae whakawhitihia tuarua ko te tikanga te tauira tika tino o inenga.

He tuatahi 3. State paerewa tuatahi, i te whakatau o te tinana pūtake e mōhiotia ana te mana kāwanatanga i roto i te rohe o taua State. He tauira o taua paerewa tohu o ngā waeine kia tūmatanui paerewa manokaramu -meter, he tuarua, Kelvin, wae iahiko, Newton, kānara, Pascal, Bq, wae ngaohiko.

Hoki te āhua paerewa tuatahi o te kōwae i reira e etahi ture: kei tonu ratou i roto i te taonga e hānga ana, me te kore i raro ki te hokotanga, he aha stipulate nga ture e hāngai ana. E whakamahia ratou me te rongoa i roto i te State Research Centre o Metrology.

Paerewa motu, me te ao

Ko te paerewa ā-motu (paerewa motu) Kei te huaina mana mohio rite te puna i roto i te whenua. I roto i te ngako, hāngai tenei ariā ki te whakamāramatanga o te paerewa kāwanatanga, ki te whakapai kanohi ki i reira he he whakatau motuhake i runga i te paerewa tohu. Na reira, pā tenei wā ki te wā whakataurite tika o paerewa o whenua rerekē ki te paerewa o te ao, me te hoki whakataurite porohita (mo te tokomaha o whenua paerewa). Ko te tuatahi, kawea ia whenua i roto i nga paerewa tohu o te rahi. kerēme Rosstandart taha o ia kōwae i te whenua.

paerewa International (paerewa ao) ka karanga te tetahi whāngai e whakaaetanga ao hei pūtake ao mo te harmonization o ngā waeine rahi, e penapena, ka takaro hoki rite paerewa motu. Hei tauira, te manokaramu tauira i te rongoa i roto i te BIPM, kī te Conference tuatahi General o Weights me Measures (CGPM).

Paerewa o kotahi me te rōpū

ka karanga paerewa Kotahi te tetahi i roto i tona hanganga reira he kotahi anake pūrere ruri (mīhini paerewa, whanganga mauhaa mehua ranei) mo te rokiroki, me te (ranei) te purei o te kōwae. A, no te toro rite Rosstandart, paerewa tohu, whakahaua te Federal Agency mō Metrology me Hangarau Ture i runga i nga tikanga o te ine kia kawea i roto i tino. whakatau ratou te tikanga o te whakaaro o ngā tuhinga, me te haere ratou mo te whakamanatanga ki te whakarite oti taurite o inenga, i roto i nei e rohe e kawea atu tenei mahi.

rōpū Tohutoro (paerewa ngā) ka karanga te tohutoro, te wahi e hāngai inenga tāpiripiri tikanga momo kotahi whānuitanga o ngā uara iti tono tahi ki te whakapai ake i te wae tika reproduction ranei mo te pupuri i te reira ranei. paerewa Group he hanganga tāupe tamau ranei. Ko te hua ko te tauhanga tikanga i muri i te wae ine te taua momo o mea tohutoro ruri ranei.

Haere paerewa me te tohutoro i whakaritea

huinga Tohutoro (paerewa rōpū) ka karanga te tohutoro, o nei ngā o te huinga o rerekē mea ruri, ka riro te reira taea ki te rokiroki tetahi uri i te reira i roto i awhe kotahi ona ranei. Hoki tenei momo o paerewa inenga, i reira te mea ano hoki he pukapuka (Rosstandart). paerewa tohu puta i roto i te wā o te hiahia ki te taupoki ana i te wāhi ngā o te uara rahinga tinana.

Ko maha o hanga motuhake tikanga nei ki te kawe ki te wahi o fakafehoanaki paerewa ranei te motuhake whakatika kōwae (whakatika) te tikanga ine paerewa kawea (paerewa haere) paerewa. Tiwhikete o paerewa o wae Rosstandart Ahatia tetahi he atamira. paerewa Holder tuatahi faaineine i te mōkihi o ngā tuhinga (tau kia 36 o 2014), e ngā te tiwhikete o te whakaū tuatahi, me te tohu o te uruwhenua paerewa ki te tono, me te ihirangi o te paerewa, e kei te wāhanga i runga i huarahi me te aro mātai. unu taata tei mau atu paerewa te ki te tono i roto i Rosstandart. Tiwhikete paerewa rapu tona tāpaetanga, i roto i te tikanga ki te taea ki te whakaū i te hua o tuatahi tohu me te record raraunga e pā ana ki enei paearu i roto i te registries o te Fund Information Federal.

recertification

kia te paerewa ia wā riro te haamauraa o te hanganga ture, na i roto i te akoranga e tika ana e tuku te taata tei mau i te tuhinga mō te whakamātautau. Ki te he pai taua mea nga hua, puta Rosstandart he tikanga e whakaae ana te raraunga tohutoro, a ka waiho i te pūtake mō te tomo tenei mōhiohio ki te wāhanga e tika ana o te Fund Information Federal.

Taua paerewa rapu kawea tohu Rosstandart i ia wā, me ia wa me whakamōhio te taata tei mau ratou o nga hua. E whakarārangitia ka e kia tonoa ki te pūnaha whakahaere tuhinga hiko, hoki nei me whakakiia te taata tei mau i roto i te puka paerewa tohu,. Ki te tonoa he hua aromatawai kino i roto i Rosstandart he pukapuka e pā ana e pā ana ki te unsuitability mō te whakatikatika i te raraunga o te Fund Information Federal.

Whakatau i runga i ngā paerewa tohu

Rosstandart - Ko reira te Federal Agency mō Hangarau Ture ko Metrology, e ko te tinana matua, whakarato ratonga tūmatanui, me te taonga kāwanatanga whakahaere i te mara o te metrology me ture hangarau. Tenei ti'amâraa he haepapa mai 2004 te Tāhuhu o Trade ko Ahumahi o te Russian Federation. I roto i te 2010, tangohia te Kāwanatanga Resolution tau 734 ki te tikanga whakahaere i te whakataki o ngā whakaritenga whakahauanga mō paerewa inenga whakamahia i roto i te ture kāwanatanga, me te whakarato traceability.

He te hoki kei roto ngā mōhiohio i runga i te āhua o ki te aromatawai i ngā hanganga ture ki ia wae rahi paerewa e te hunga ratou kaupapa, me te tukanga hoki te whakawhiti o ngā paerewa kāwanatanga. Kei roto i tēnei Ture i te whakahaunga o te whakarite tikanga, ihirangi, a mana te tono o nga paerewa kāwanatanga tuatahi. Kāwanatanga ta whakaurua ngā tukanga mō te paerewa tohu wā, me te tuatahi mō te aromatawai me te whakaū o te hanganga ture ki nga whakaritenga katoa.

tukanga tohu

Ko te tūranga i homai e te Resolution № 734, a ka whakatau i te hanganga o te tuhinga e hiahiatia ana mō ngā paerewa tohu ngā tukanga. Ko ratou:

1. mōhiohio e pā ana te tohu tuatahi, me te rangahau.

2. Ko te ture o te tono, me te ihirangi o te paerewa.

3. Faaotiraa mezhattestatsionnogo wā.

kia rangatira o paerewa tohu kaipakihi takitahi hinonga ture ranei. tukua atu ratou i nga tuhinga katoa rite i roto i te Rosstandart ki te hanga i te whakatau e pā ana i te whakaaetanga o nga paerewa mau ratou.

Order Rosstandart

I roto i te Hānuere 2014 i reira ko te tau kia 36 Rosstandart, i kī i runga i te whakaaetanga o te tohu tuatahi, me te wā me te i runga i te faaineineraa o paerewa mō te whakaaetanga.

āwangawanga te reira i te paerewa inenga whakamahia i roto i te ture kāwanatanga me te taurite o inenga. Me kawea Tiwhikete i runga i nga kupu tohutohu, e kei iwa tono ki whakaahuatanga o te wāhanga o te tohu tuatahi (Annex 1), me te wā (Annex 9).

mahi Rosstandart

Metrology Tari o Federal Agency i te akoranga o te paerewa tohu o te mahi e whai ake nei:

1. kau ma'u tono whakaurutanga.

2. Te haapa'oraa i o ngā rauemi e whakarato ana i te taata tei mau ki nga whakaritenga katoa o ture Russian.

3. Te whakarato i te tikanga tauira ki te Tuarua Head o te Federal Agency mō te Ture Hangarau me Metrology o whakaaetanga i runga i te paerewa waitohu.

4. Tuhia te paerewa inenga.

5. I tukua tārua o te tikanga i runga i te whakaaetanga o te taata tei mau paerewa.

6. Whakakiia i roto i te kape take kaute hautaka o te tikanga o te whakaaetanga.

Next FSUE "VNIIMS" tautuhi te tau tohutoro me te tiwhikete o te whakamanatanga, e whai wāhi ana ki te turanga matauranga.

ngā kitenga

paerewa Tiwhikete - mahi rōrahi, kawea nei i roto i te whakahaere e kore anake Rosstandart (FMC GNMI), engari te kaipakihi tino takitahi ranei hinonga ture kei roto kāwanatanga, me te tono paerewa, me kahore he taurite o inenga.

Hoki 2016 i roto i Russia reira ko te rēhita o 65 688 paerewa whakaaetia. Hei tauira, te FBU "Rostov UCM" I rahua ki whakaatu i te paerewa 2016 i roto i 1125, te FBU "Volgograd Ki" - 657, FBU "Krasnodar CSM" - 1256, te FBU "Stavropol Ki" - 704, me te FBU "cum Crimean" - 417.