Pūnaha kūnatu - te pūtake o te mahi maeneene o te tinana tangata katoa

Te pūnaha kūnatu taea mahi a te tangata e tika ana ki te tuku o matūkai tika whakamahia hei puna pūngao me te rauemi whare. Enei matū tomo te tinana i roto i te wahi kūnatu, he roa tapeke o e pā ana ki 10 mita me te he, puta noa i te hōrapatanga, ngā hukihuki o te kōhao.

Ko te hanganga o te pūnaha kūnatu tangata ngā: kōhao buccal, pharynx, pū kai, puku, taiaki, ate, gallbladder, kopirua me te whēkau iti.

kōhao Oral. I roto i tenei wahi o te pūnaha kūnatu puta horomia tika kai, te rongo ki tona matū me ngā pānga tinana. Fakateka kai no ki te momo tuarua o pānga, me tenei wā tuatahi o te mahi o te pūnaha tei runga i te kounga o te taenga me te whakawhenumi o ngā matūkai. Ehara i kahore take, he maha ngā tohunga tohutohu pehea ki te whakahoki ake i te kai, ka te nei kitea ki te huware i hanga i roto i te bolus.

Huware whakaritea tūranga tika nui i roto i te nakunaku o kai. Kei te uru reira tata katoa o te wai (e pā ana ki 99%). Roto ki reira mucin whai wāhi pūmua ki adhesiveness, te aroaro o te lysozyme taea puretumu o kai me whākōkī pērā i ngā matūkai amylase me maltase digested.

Ko te tinana o te pūnaha kūnatu tohu e te tinana e whai ake nei i te pharynx-waha, ko te, i te mea he okana uaua ki etahi rua (kōhao-waha, kōkuhunga nasal, te kōkuhunga ki te pū kai, me te paeoro, me nga korere e rua o te taringa waenga). Mārakerake, e tika ana ki te maringi o te kai i roto i te ara romahā, taupokina te tomokanga ki te paeoro e te ngao horomi.

Ko te tukanga rawa o horomia kai he tika ki te whakaiti o uaua o te pharynx, i roto i nei tomo te reira i te pū kai, me te roto i te HWM - te puku. Mai te pū kai - he ngongo uaua e panaia e tika ana ki te whakaiti o enei uaua ko te kai i runga i.

Te pūnaha kūnatu ngā te puku, kei nei i raro te HWM i roto i te puku o runga. Nature ki reira tatau e rua whakaratohia - kōkuhu me te whakaputa. Ko te obturator tuarua kati uaua feunga kaha (sphincter). puritia te kai i roto i te kopu mo te wa roa (ki runga, ki te 11 haora), i raro nei te ki whakaekenga matū o wai pekitīlia, i te mea he wai te huitahi kei roto waikawa pūmāota. Ko reira i roto i te whakamana tika tenei wae mahi kūnatu. Ko hoki Waikawa he pānga kino i runga i te huakita ingested. Na reira, ko te mōrea o kirimana ngā mate hopuhopu puta i roto i te hui o mate o te wahi gastrointestinal, e kua haere i roto i te pūnaha kūnatu.

Ko te chyme hua i te kopu i roto i te wahi sphincter āta tomo te whēkau. Ko te whēkau iti tīmata ki te duodenum, i whakatuwheratia te tau mahani ate noa, me te tau mahani pancreatic. Tenei mai te mutunga o te nakunaku o kai i te mahi o te wai pancreatic me ate.

kai tukatuka i te whēkau iti āta haere ki te kopirua, e kua he roa o te 2 mita. He lahi whenumi te wai, me nga toenga o te kai faufaa whakakorea kua i te tinana. Nā ki te maha nui o huakita rerekē i roto i te punuatuna, te whakapai ake nakunaku. Heoi, i reira he āhuatanga kino. Ko te kupu, e huna i raro i te mahi o nga microorganisms kai kua faufaa, me te tuku i pūhui paitini mo te whakakorenga o e hāngai ana ki te ate.

vahe Digestive System he ate o te tūranga tino. I muri i te katoa, ko te repe kūnatu nui i roto i nei te horoia me te toto venous katoa i te kopu, kōateate me paru tenei.

Ko te kupu, ko te pūnaha kūnatu - he pūnaha kaua matatini o te tukatuka kai i roto i te tinana tangata, whakaritea ia okana te he tūranga, me kore o te iti rawa tetahi wāhanga o te huarahi e taea te whakawhanake mate o te wahi gastrointestinal.