Pūnaha moni me ona āhuatanga.

Ki te rā, tetahi o te kāwanatanga ture i roto i te ao e kore e taea e te tīariari i waho te pūnaha moni. pūnaha moni me ona huānga ko te waeine o te tohanga moni o ōhanga kāinga te whenua o, i hanga e i roto i rima tenetere o hītori ki te whakaae i muri o te ture kāwanatanga motu. Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenganui i te pūnaha moni i roto i te whenua rerekē ko te moni te ao.

I reira, te pūnaha moni me ona huānga e hanga e i ngā momo hanganga, kawe o nei he pūnaha moni konganuku, e hāngai ana i runga i te moni tūturu (hiriwa, te koura, moni konukawata, me ētahi atu) me te pūnaha o te tohanga nama me te pepa (moni wae mamingatanga uara tohu ). I roto i te tahuri, taka te momo o te maitai o te ao te pūnaha ōhanga ki bimetallism me monometallism.

Bimetallism āhuatanga e te whakamahi o rua paerewa ōrite moni - hiriwa me te koura. Tenei momo o te pūnaha moni whakahaeretia senituli XVI-XVIII, i te reira ko te moni free here i te maha o moni te whakamahi i nga momo e rua o te whakarewa. Kua arahina tenei ahua o te pūnaha moni ki rerekē i roto i te āhuatanga ōhanga i roto i te mākete, no te mea te whakamahi o rua konganuku ai rerekē i roto i te kaupapa here utu mo nga taonga, me ngā ratonga. Na reira, i roto i te whanaketanga o te te moni, i hiahiatia he tohanga moni pūmau, ārahi ki te whakawhitinga kotahi ki monometallism. Monometallism āhuatanga mā te whakamahi i anake te whakarewa (hiriwa ranei te koura), kia rite ki te ōrite whānui. Ki te whanaketanga o tenei momo o te monometallism koura pūnaha moni riro huringa nui, wehea ki te koura moni, mua, me te paerewa whakawhitiwhiti koura. I whakamahia paerewa moni Gold noa i roto i te whenua, engari i rāhuitia mō ngā karere arumoni waho. I te mutunga o te pakanga tuatahi roa ao, kua tenei paerewa kua whakakorea e tika ana ki te takarepa whakarewa koi tika ki pūtea hōia. I ona whakakapi e te mua koura me paerewa utu koura. Enei momo o monipuka utu fakahu'unga mō mua koura ranei pepeha (utu moni moni ke), e taea te whakawhiti mo te koura. Heoi, kua whakakorea enei paerewa i muri i te raruraru ōhanga ao, i arahina ki te whakataki o te kotahi pūnaha pepa-nama o te maimoatanga. hāngai ana tēnei pūnaha i runga i te take o te banknote noa i roto i te whenua. Te pūnaha moni i roto i te Germany ko te tauira pirimia o te whanaketanga o mua o te tohanga moni.

pūnaha moni International me ona āhuatanga i hanga i roto i te tau 1944 i te hui o te Monetary me Pūtea Conference o te Kotahitanga o Whakahaere i te Hononga o Amerika i roto i Bretton Woods, te wahi i whakaritea e ai ki te whakauru ā-kāwanatanga paerewa utu koura. I whakaae te reira, ka whakaritea etahi ture:

• mohio te koura i rite nga tikanga hopea o te tātaitanga i waenganui nga whenua e rua, e mahi ana i te mahi o te moni ao, a mahi ano hoki i rite te paerewa mō te aro mātai o te taonga pāpori.
• i whakaurua me te whakamahi o te koura i roto i te ōhanga o te moni te US me wae Ingarangi ao - Tāra me Pauna Sterling.
• Tāuta i te uara mākete o te koura i hanga e runga i te kaupapa o te uara mōhiohio o te United States.
• taea Moni National te noa whakawhiti mo tara i roto i te pēke pokapū te whenua o, a ka i roto i te koura. whai wāhi ana tēnei utu ki te taea o whakataunga multilateral i waenganui i te whenua e rua.

Ka rite ki te hua o te paruparu o te tūranga waho o te mākete US tika ki te kēkeno o rāhui koura i roto i te whenua, te pūnaha moni te ao, me ona wāhanga, i hāngai i runga i te e tu'unga o te tāra, i tukua e kaihau. I roto i te wahi o te tāra ka haere ki te moni rāhui - te tohu German, te SDR, ECU me te iene Japanese, ka kua te utu tāra o te koura kua mana whakakorea.