Pūnaha moni

I roto i te tauira hou o te pūnaha nama moni ōhanga mākete whakawhanakehia noho he tūranga nui i roto i te huarahi ōhanga. Ko te pūnaha mahi o te tohanga ōhanga, e regulates te supply moni, te whakahaere rerenga pūtea, piki me redistributes kapewhiti, whakahaere whakataunga i waenganui i hinonga ohaoha, taurewa ki takitahi me etahi rāngai o te ōhanga.

E rua ngā ariā o te pūnaha moni: ko te tuatahi ko te huinga o te nama whanaunga, tikanga me ngā puka o te pūtea (puka mahi); te tuarua - te huinga o pūtahi pūtea, e ahu ki te whakaemi moni moni poto e wātea ana, me te ka tuku moni (puka pütahitanga).

I roto i te take tuatahi e korero tatou e pā ana ki te whanaungatanga pērā i te pēke, arumoni, kāwanatanga, kiritaki, nama ao.

iti te take tuarua te ki te tawhā e whai ake nei. Modern Monetary Pūnaha - he tikanga matatini e He maha ngā taumata, e piki me tohatoha hua pütea. Ko te āhuatanga nui o te pūnaha e: te Central Bank, te pūnaha o te kāwanatanga, me te Manatü-pareparenga; te rängai pēke, e ngā tahatika arumoni, penapena, pareparenga motuhake mō te hokohoko; loans mōkete, haumi, nama motuhake, me ngä pütahi pēke-kore pūtea: moni penihana, kamupene inihua, me te haumi takotoranga, kamupene pūtea, ngā momo o penapena me feohi taurewa, turanga aroha.

Ko āhuatanga hoki te nuinga o whenua whakawhanakehia (Te Hononga o Amerika, Hapani, te whenua tenei kaupapa taumata-toru o Western Europe). whenua takitahi rerekē i roto i te tohu o te whanaketanga o te wae takitahi o te pūnaha. Ko te tino whakawhanakehia o te pūnaha moni me te nama i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite, i roto i te hononga ki te mea kei runga e hāngai reira whenua whakawhanakehia, ka hanga ratou ake pūnaha nama.

Ko te āhua regulates te pūnaha moni i roto i te rua ara matua: e wawaotanga whakahaere hāngai (na roto i te marutuna e fakafuofua tino utu o taonga, me ētahi atu) me te wawaotanga whakahaere autaki (te mahi o te kaupapa here moni).

Na riro te reira kitea e hangaia te pūnaha nama moni o te kāwanatanga kei te ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o te ōhanga i te tohatoha o wātea ana moni me te waipuke ki te rāngai tino matatau me te whaihua. I roto i te tahi mau hinonga ia wā e ara moni poto noa (moni toenga), i etahi atu - i roto i ngā hiahia pūtea atu. Ko pai te whakaaroaronga te pūnaha nama moni o te whenua tenei totohe.

Monetary pūnaha me te nama o te Russian Federation ngā o rarangi e toru: te Central Bank; pūnaha pēke (pareparenga o te āhua arumoni); nama motuhake, me te pūtahi pūtea. E hāngai ana ēnei hanganga i te hiahia o te ōhanga motu, he reira tata ki te tauira o ngā pūnaha nama o whenua whakawhanakehia, ka timata ki te urutau ki te tukanga hou o mau ōhanga.

He tonu tenei pūnaha nama etahi hē i roto i tata katoa taumata (te whakanui ake i te tokomaha o nga tahatika iti, kamupene rīanga, moni haumi me tahatika arumoni tonu ki te faaaravihi i roto i ngā mahi nama wā-poto, e hua i roto i te iti anō o pūtea ki te whanaketanga o ngä rängai ahumahi, me te tahi atu o te ōhanga. Na kua rapua e tenei ra āhuatanga nama nui o ngā pūnaha RF whakapai ake anō. mahi tōtika o te moni-cred hangaia pūnaha tnoj te ki te whakarato i te āhua pūmau o te ōhanga ā-motu.

pūnaha pēke o Russia e rua ngā taumata, kanohi e te Central Bank o te Russian Federation (Bank o Russia) me tahatika arumoni.