Pūtau macrophages. He aha te mea te reira a te mea whai ratou mahi

E aparau teie nei tuhinga te huarahi hanganga o te wātea i te mate, i.e. āhuatanga o te tinana ki te tiaki i ona pūtau ki matū ke (antigens) ranei tukumate (huakita me huaketo). Ka taea te hanga e te mate i roto i ara e rua. huaina ana te tuatahi ko humoral me te āhuatanga e te whakatupuranga o te pūmua motuhake tiaki - gamma-globulin, me te tuarua - te pūtau, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te āhuatanga o te phagocytosis. Kei te meinga te reira e te hanganga i roto i te whekau e pā ana ki te endocrine me te pūnaha ārai mate, ngā pūtau motuhake: lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, macrophages.

Pūtau, macrophages: he aha te mea te reira?

Macrophages tahi ki ētahi atu pūtau tiaki (monocytes) he nui phagocytosis hanganga - tukanga hopu me te nakunaku o matū ke tukumate ranei e whakawehi te ora noa o te rauropi. Whakaahuatia tikanga tiaki i kitea, ka ako i te physiologist Russian Mechnikov i 1883. Kua hoki i kitea e ia e pā ana wātea i te mate pūtau ki phagocytosis - whakautu paruru e tiaki pūtau i te genome o te pānga ino o āpiha ke, ka karanga antigens.

He mea tika ki matau i te take: te macrophages - pūtau e tenei, ko te? A haamana'o i to ratou cytogenesis. E ahu mai ēnei pūtau i monocytes, e kua mahue te bloodstream me tomo ki roto ki te kiko. huaina ana tēnei tukanga ko diapedesis. Ko te hua o reira ko te hanganga o macrophages i te parenchyma o te ate, pūkahukahu, taikiri me te kōateate.

Hei tauira, i te tuatahi whakapā macrophages kauae ki matū ke mau i roto i te parenchyma pūkahukahu i receptors motuhake. Na ka ngaro enei pūtau ārai, me te ngaungau antigens me tukumate, reira tiaki nga whekau romahā i āpiha pathogenic me tāoke, me te whakangaro i te matūriki o matū paitini ki te pūkahukahu ki te wahi o te rangi i roto i te faaururaa. I tua atu, ka whakakitea ai e te taumata o te mahi ārai o macrophages kauae rite ngā pūtau toto tiaki - monocytes.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga me te mahi o ngā pūtau ārai

pūtau Phagocytic i te hanganga cytological motuhake, e whakatau i te mahi o macrophages. Ratou membrane pūtau Ko te ahei o hanga pseudopodia te taviniraa no te peratia i me te tapo'ii te matūriki ke. He tonu o organelles kūnatu te cytoplasm - lysosomes ki te whakarite lysis o tāoke, wheori huakita ranei. E hoki pungaraungao reira, synthesizing te triphosphate adenosine rāpoi ngota, i te mea te macrophages pūngao taonga matua. He he he pūnaha o ngongo, me te tubular - te kiriuwhi ki te organelles pūmua-synthesizing - ribosomes. E hiahiatia ana te aroaro o tetahi atu ranei karihi, maha o āhua kōhikohiko. ka karanga macrophages Polynuclear symplasts. E hanga e ratou kia rite ki te hua o te karyokinesis intracellular, kahore wehe te nuinga o te cytoplasm.

momo o macrophages

He mea tika ki te whakaaro i te whai ake, mā te whakamahi i te wā "macrophages" e kore te mea kotahi momo o ngā hanganga ārai me te tsitosistema kanorau tenei. Hei tauira, te wehewehe i ngā pūtau tiaki pūmau, me te kore utu. Ko te rōpū tuatahi ngā macrophages kauae, kōwhao phagocytes parenchyma me whekau. whakaritea hoki nga pūtau ārai reira i roto i te hanganga o osteoblasts me taikiri. Depot me okana toto-hanga - ate, kōateate me te hinu wheua wheua whero i roto i hoki macrophages whakaritea -.

He aha te mea he mate pūtau-takawaenga

Ko nga momo i runga o phagocytes makrofagicheskuyu ngā i roto i te pūnaha tino pai e tika whakarato te kaha ki te pato'ii te āpiha pathogenic me paitini, a ki te whakangaro ia ratou na roto i te hopu me te nakunaku. Ano, i te pūnaha wātea i te mate pūtau whakarato paturopi whakaputaina e t- me B-lymphocytes, e here ana ki te puea antigens o wheori, huakita me pirinoa intracellular rickettsiae me chlamydiae.

whekau piringa ārai toto-hanga, tonsils aroaro, kōateate me te waitinana kōpuku, i whai ahua ai te pūnaha mahi kotahi e tutuki me te toto, me te immunogenez.

Ko te tūranga o macrophages i te hanganga o te mahara ārai

I muri i whakapā ki ngā pūtau antigen taea o phagocytosis, e taea ki te "mahara" te kōtaha matüora o te tukumate me te kawenga mō te antibody production anō-kătahi reira ki te pūtau ora te muri. E rua ngā momo o te mahara immunological: pai, me te kino. Rua o ratou ko te hua o te mahi o lymphocytes whakaputaina i roto i te thymus, kōateate, whakatū papa i roto i te taiepa, me te tīpona kōpuku intestinal. Ēnei ngā pärönaki me lymphocytes - pūtau me monocytes - macrophages.

Ko te nuinga te mahara immunological pai take whaiaroaro mo te werohanga rite te tikanga o te ārai mate hopuhopu. Mai hohoro ia ite i te pūtau mahara antigens e te hunga i roto i te kano, te whakatau tonu ratou te hanganga tere o paturopi tiaki. tangohia te āhuatanga o te mahara ārai kino te ki pūkete i roto i transplantation ki te whakaiti i te taumata o te pato'iraa o whēkau whakatokia me te kopa.

Ko te hononga o te pūnaha hematopoietic me ārai mate

whai wāhi ngā pūtau katoa tinana mo tona tiaki ki tukumate me matū paitini hangaia i roto i te hinu wheua wheua, i te mea ano hoki te okana hematopoietic. Thymus thymus e pā ana ki te pūnaha endocrine ranei, te mahi o te mate hanganga turanga. I roto i te tinana tangata, a wheua whero wheua, thymus me he, i roto i te meka, te tino whēkau o immunogenesis.

whakangaro ngā pūtau Phagocytic tukumate e e te nuinga o tahi e mumura i roto i te kopa huaketo me okana. whakaputaina ratou i te whakauru motuhake - tauwehe whakahohe mōtepe (PAF), e faarahi te uruhanga o oko toto. Ko te kupu, he maha nui o macrophages i toto ki tae te wāhi o te tukumate me whakangaro ai.

I muri ako macrophages - he aha te ahua o ngā pūtau i roto i te mea whekau e whakaputaina ratou me he aha ngā mahi e kawea atu - kua kite matou e, me ētahi atu momo o lymphocytes (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), ko ratou te pūtau ārai matua.