Rawiri Hilbert: te ora o te mathematician nui

Rawiri Hilbert - he mathematician rongonui, me te kaiako o te piha haapiiraa teitei, e kore e matau whakahoha, manawanui i roto i ona whakaaro, fakalaumālie, me te ohaoha, tetahi o te nui rawa i roto i tona wa. mana Creative, taketake motuhake o whakaaro, he tirohanga mīharo me te kanorau o ngā ngākau nuitanga i hanga Rawiri te Kaikitetuatahi i roto i te nuinga o pūtaiao tangohia mara.

Gilbert Rawiri: he haurongo poto

whanau a Rawiri i roto i Vela, kei tata ana Königsberg (Prussia). I whanau i runga i Hānuere 23, 1862, ko ia te matamua-whanau i faaipoipo - Otto ko Meri. kihai a Gilbert he prodigy tamaiti; tētahi whakatakoto i te whāinga ki te tino tūhura nga rohe o te pāngarau, kitea ana e ia te raruraru i paanga ia. Ki te ako te otinga o te hihiko auaha mara o mahi, mahue Rawiri ana ngā ākonga. He mahue i roto i te tikanga tūturu, whakaako ratou te akoranga e tika ana, ka whakaputaina he kau muimui tutorial pai. Gilbert taea puta i roto i te ara i tetahi: whakaatu i te tau kura hou, he akoranga motuhake i runga i te kore ako ratou i roto i te pāngarau, a patua ana e ia ki te ākonga kimi. Ki te tiki i runga i tenei akoranga i whakaaro he angitu nui, ahakoa i roto i te vairaa mau whakangungu i runga taua mea ko te wero nui.

Gilbert ko ana akonga

Rawiri Hilbert, tona haurongo he ngā mo te whakatupuranga o nāianei, i faka'atu'i, me te huatau ki tauira ua i taua pūmanawa. Ki te keto te mura te, te pūtaiao huatau tohutohu ratou ki te tamata i ahau i roto i te ahua rerekē o te mahi. aru ētahi ākonga Hilbert tohutohu o te kaiako, me te riro Engineers, physicists me ara kaituhi. kihai i matau ki te ahorangi feia faatau, a whakaaro ratou iwi iho. Ka rite ki te tangata tino whai a te pūtaiao, i a Rawiri ona ake peculiarities. I roto i te mahana weather, ka haere ia ki te kauwhau i roto i te hāte ki te purepure poto me te kara tuwhera, e kore e nei i tika i te ahorangi, kawea te puawai bouquets maha hiahia ranei. taea e ia haere mai i runga i te pahikara, me te mea etahi ahua o te mea homai, tango i te ipu o te tongi. Heoi, ahakoa tona oaoa, ko Rawiri Hilbert tangata tino uaua, me te ware taea faaino te hunga kahore nei i e ōrite ana paerewa (pakeke rawa ngā, te wahi e taea te hanga te reira māmā, te whakamārama tika kitea mō te taumata kura ranei).

Ko te rangahau tuatahi o Hilbert

Ko tōna kaha ki te tohe pūtaiao Rawiri Hilbert, he haurongo poto whakaahuatia e te i roto i tenei tuhinga, e ua tonu i roto i Koenigsberg, te wahi i te tikanga o te pāngarau te pānui iti. Na reira, etehi hoki he Göttingen ata - kohinga pae o mathematicians German, Hilbert i 1895 oho reira, ka whai hua ngā mahi tae noa ki 1933 - mai i haere mai ki te kaha o Adolf Hitler.

tai'o ana kauwhau Gilbert āta, me kahore humehume, me aua auau i roto i te tikanga ki te matau i te reira katoa. Hoki, tonu ka mea a Rawiri rauemi o mua. oreroraa a Hilbert e kohia tonu te rota o te iwi: ko te whare i taea nabitsya rave rahi rau iwi nei i whakanohoia noa i runga i haamaramarama.

timata a Rawiri ki te ako taurangi, ki kia tangohia - ki te huringa i roto i te ariā o ngā tau. Pūrongo i runga i te tumu parau, ko te pūtake o tana pukapuka.

whānau Hilbert

Waimarie i roto i te auhoaraa, waimarie i roto i te utuafare a Rawiri. Ki te tana wahine Käthe ka ratou haere rawa te pai, engari whanau ratou tama anake i te moron. Na reira, i kitea Gilbert he putanga i roto i te kōrero ki maha ngā ākonga - māngai o te whenua Pākehā, me te Amerika. Mathematicians maha whakaritea taataahiraa ka whakaritea he rōpū tea tahi, i roto i nei te tautohetohe i runga i ngā kaupapa pāngarau pai ki kōrero noa i runga i ngā kaupapa. e kore e Prim ahorangi Tiamana ite i tenei kāhua o kōrero; Ko reira te mana i hanga Davida Gilberta reira te täkupu, horahia nei ko te pāngarau ākonga ao katoa i runga i.

I maoro oho ngā pānga pāngarau taurangi i roto i te āhuahanga, ara, i roto i te wāhi mure ore. Nga ngā rohe o te raupapa, te āputa i waenganui ia ratou me te koki i waenganui i te pere tāutuhia wāhi Hilbert - faitatau Euclidean.

Mō te whakaora raupapa i roto i te tikanga tangohia

I roto i te tau whakaputaina 1898-1899 Rawiri Hilbert he pukapuka i runga i te turanga o te āhuahanga, ka tonu i te bestseller. I roto i te reira hoatu e ia he pūnaha oti o axioms o āhuahanga Euclidean, te whakarite ratou ki ngā rōpū, e ngana ana ki te tautuhi i te rohe o ia o ratou.

Kua arahina tēnei angitu Hilbert ki te whakaaro e taea e koe te tono i te pūnaha mārama o nga axioms faufaa me ngā whakamāramatanga i roto i ia o te mara pāngarau. Ka rite ki te tauira matua o te mathematician etehi mo te whānui ariā o huinga, a i roto i reira - i runga i auroa whakapae o te Cantor rongonui. i taea e ki te whakamatau i te unprovable tenei whakapae a Rawiri Hilbert. Heoi, i roto i te tau 1931 i mohiotia he kuao Austria Kurt Gödel e mau marôraa rite te whakapae auroa, i i titiro rite tetahi o nga axioms Hilbert whakahauanga o huinga ariā, i reira e i roto i tetahi pūnaha o axioms. Tenei tauākī tohu e kore e te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao tu tonu a kore e mutu, engari ka whai ia wa ki te whakaaroa axioms hou me ngā whakamāramatanga - te tahi mea e te tino taunga ki te roro tangata. mohio Gilbert tenei i wheako whaiaro, na koa pono ia kitea maere o Godel.

"Mathematical Raruraru" Hilbert

I 38 tau o tau i te Congress o Mathematicians i Paris, i kawea huihuia te kirīmi o te pūtaiao o te wa, ka korero Gilbert i "Mathematical Raru", e, kia rite ki te mea i raro whakaekea 23 kaupapa nui. Ko te whāinga matua o te pāngarau i taua wa, whakaaro ai kaha Hilbert whakawhanake mara o te pūtaiao (huinga ariā, āhuahanga taurangi, tātari mahi, arorau pāngarau, te tau ariā), ia o nei miramira nga mahi tino nui e te mutunga o te rau tau 20 rānei whakatau ranei riro tohu o tona undecidability.

Ko te mahi tino nui mō te pāngarau

Kotahi ra ui te kuao ākonga i Gilbert te pātai o te mea te mahi, i roto i tona whakaaro, he tino nui i roto i te pāngarau, ka riro te whakahoki o te mataotao toulekeleká: "Hopu te ngaro i runga i te taha hoki o te marama" I mea a Hubert, e kore te mea tino ngā tenei raruraru, engari he aha opuaraa taea whakatuwhera i tona whakatau! Kia pehea te nui i pai āhuatanga reira āhuatanga nui me hanga o te tikanga kaha!

Taata ato'ai Hilbert kupu i whakapumautia e te ora: ko reira utu te haamana'oraa e ko te tenenga o rorohiko mō te tātaitanga tonu o te poma hauwai. Ngā āhuatanga pērā i te taunga o te tangata tuatahi i runga i te marama, te matapae huarere mo te ao katoa, ka whakarewa Sputnik te ahua o e-hua rongoā. Kia aroha mai, a Gilbert he faingamālie ki te riro i te kaiwhakaatu o taua ngā tino.

I roto i ana tau i muri mai, tauturu ore whanga ana Professor te parariraa o te kura o pāngarau i roto i Göttingen, e wahi i raro i te kau Nasí. Ka mate a Rawiri Hilbert, te mathematician, mahi he takoha nui ki te pūtaiao, February 14, 1943 i te mau hopearaa o te ringa whati. Ko te take o te mate i te pāngarau immobility tinana.