Rererangi rautaki Tu-95: āhuatanga me photo

Ko te TU-95 - roa-whānui rererangi, kei runga i te mea whawhai Russian. He he pere rautaki ki te turboprop-Powered. I teie mahana, ko tetahi o te rererangi tere i roto i te ao. tuku te codification American ki rite "te Bear". Ko te rererangi turboprop Russian whakamutunga, tangohia i roto i te production papatipu tenei. I te kau he rota o akatuke'anga.

History o hanga

Rererangi rererangi TU-95 i roto i tona puka taketake i hangaia e Andrei Tupolev i 1949. hāngai Development i runga i te tauira 85-th o te rererangi. I roto i te tau 1950, i te āhuatanga tōrangapū huri noa te USSR ui tonu te taonga rautaki. ko te take mo te hanganga o te pere matatau hou ki tiketike-tere, me te nukarau āhuatanga tenei. Ko te whāinga o te whanaketanga i ki te whakatutuki i te whānuitanga mōrahi mō te wa ka taea poto.

I roto i te raumati o 1951 i ahu te kaupapa e N. Bazenkov, engari rawa hohoro i whakakapi ia e S. Eğer. Ko te reira i te "Bear" te whakaaro ki te hei i te papa o te whakamutunga. Kua i te wāhanga tuatahi o te rererangi tuhi TU-95 miharo e tona rahi me te mana. he rakau kata-ake i ara huihui hoki te whakaaturanga atu taipitopito o te kaupapa.

I roto i te Oketopa 1951, te TU-95 te mutunga whakaaetia mo te hanga. ka mau te whanaketanga tauira wahi i te marama torutoru. i anake i roto i te Mahuru 1952, i hoatu te reira i te rererangi i roto i Zhukovsky rererangi. e kore e roa i roto i te haere mai whakamātautau wheketere. he angitu Testing, na te marama i muri mai, ka whakaritea e te reira ki te pupuri atu i runga i te tauira bomber tuatahi. Ko te whakamātautau tonu hoki e pā ana ki te tau. Ka rite ki te hua, te simulator rere i te pairati whakakitea he maha o ngā raruraru nui. rahua Test tuatoru nekeneke. i whakangaromia Ko tōna tōnā ahi i muri i rua anake nga marama i muri i te tīmatanga o te whakamātautau. Ko te kupu, fehangahangai nga Engineers ki te mahi ki te whakatika i nga hape e taea te waho enei kakai i roto i te rere tūturu. I te mutunga o 1953 no te mea o te mau fifi rite ka mate 11 tangata kaumoana, tae atu i te rangatira.

rere kotiro

tae te rererangi tauira hou i te rererangi i roto i Hui-tanguru 1955. Na, whakaritea he paerata whakamātautau i M. Nyuhtikov. Ko ia te tangata e hanga te whati tuatahi i runga i te tauira hou. oti Whakamātautau i te anake tau i muri mai. I roto i tenei wa, rere te rererangi rautaki Tu-95 rererangi e pā ana ki 70 flights.

I roto i te 1956, ka timata te rererangi ki te tae i te rererangi Uzyn mō te whakamahi heke mai. tīmata rererangi ao hōu ki te mutunga o 1950. Production me te huihui wāhanga TU-95 rave Kuibyshevsky rererangi wheketere. Ko reira i reira hoki te wa tuatahi i reira nga rerekētanga pere ki warheads karihi. Ina e, hanga te tauira te 95raa i raro katoa o ngā hiahia hōia: tūhura, poma whāinga tawhiti, ratonga pāhihi, rangi taiwhanga, etc ...

I tēnei wā, production papatipu o te TU-95 whakatotoka. Heoi, kei te tautoko tonu te kaupapa e te Air Force me nga mana Russian.

Āhuatanga hoahoa

Pere he pūnaha hāngai motuhake nāianei supply mō te whakawera i te parirau, takere me te stabilizer pokekore. Ko te engines ngā o huinga mata biaxial AB-60K. Kei utanga wehenga e i roto i te waenganui o te takere tata te Pūwhakarewa, ki nei e whakaritea e ono missiles ipu. He he he pea o te hononga o ngā hua atu ki te whakatārewatanga.

Russian Tu-95 ko te waka rangi ki Tricycle taunga taputapu. I runga i ia wira muri he tona ake pūnaha wahia. A, no te tango atu retracted i roto i te takere me te parirau-nacelle te tautoko. rite rawa te rua mua o wira e ki te pūnaha waipēhi, me whakaara - te tikanga hiko ki te mana ki runga noa ki te 5200 Watts. Emergency te whakatuwhera i te tahuhu he taea anake ki te awhina o te wīra huri.

Ko te fare pressurized ko te waka. I roto i te ohotata e otohe ai tūru pana i te rererangi i roto i te pao motuhake, kei nei i runga ake i te taputapu taunga mua. Ka rite ki matau mo ringa mā te whakamahi i te nekeneke. whakaratohia pana i te muri o te rererangi e roto i pao resettable.

E tano ia tapao e rite rawa te pere kei te ki mōkihi ora motuhake i roto i te take o te taunga ohorere i runga i te wai.

Whakatakotoranga pūkaha

Ko Turboprop Tu-95 i roto i te tino kaha rererangi nui-fare e toru i roto i te ao. tutuki ana tēnei hua te whakawhetai ki te pūkaha TC-12, e kua he mīhini huri hiko nui-kakama 14 me te atamira compressor. Hei whakatika i te tawhā, he pūnaha o takirere karo rangi. A, no te tae tenei tōtika mīhini huri hiko o SC-12 tata 35%. Tenei tohu i roto i rererangi turboprop ko te record.

Hei whakahaere i whakatikatika o te supply wahie engine hangaia te i roto i te poraka kotahi. Power NK-12 Ko e pā ana ki 15 te mano o nga tau. he. I roto i tenei take, tata te akina te i 12 mano. Kg. Ki te wahie tonu taea wehenga rererangi rere ki runga ki te 2500 haora (e pā ana ki 105 nga ra). Ko Motor taimaha 3.5 taranata. Ko te roa o te NK-12 tohu te kōwae 5-mita.

Ko te ngoikoretanga Ko tona haruru engine tiketike. Ki te rā, ko te rererangi whakahau nui i roto i te ao i tenei. Ko tōna kaha ki te kitea ara nga submarines tāutanga kairapu. I te tahi atu te ringa, ka kore te mea he take tino te patu karihi.

I roto i te tahi atu āhuatanga pere ko te ki te whakarato i tētahi pokekore 5.6-mita. pūnaha anti-huka taa'eraa hoki o matatahi. Ko te tāutanga electrothermal. tukua wahie te ki te pūkaha me te takere o te tāke caisson. Na roto i te whakamahi o tōtika, me te pai ake pokekore pūnaha hpt te kupu "i maia" rererangi rere ngā whanaunga rautaki ki te ahanoa e kiia rite wa Tu-95.

āhuatanga pere

Ka taea e te rererangi hāngai ake ki te 9 ngā mema kaumoana. Nā ki te rererangi tono motuhake i roto i te roa kua ki te 46,2 mita. I roto i tenei whānuitanga kotahi parirau ko e pā ana ki 50 m. Dimensions pere rautaki tino patua tirohanga. kotahi anake rohe o te parirau e ki runga ki te 290 sq. m.

whakatau tata Mass TU-95 te i 83,1 taranata. Heoi, me ki tonu te taimaha o te tank kua nui haere ki te 120 mano. Kg. A i raro i te taimaha kawenga mōrahi nui 170 taranata. mana Whakatauria o te pūnaha toko - e pā ana ki 40 mano Kw ..

Nā ki NK-12 rererangi ahei o tere ki runga ki te 890 km / h. iti te motini kei te ki te Autopilot 750 km / h. I roto i te mahi, i te whānuitanga o te pere rere ko e pā ana ki 12 mano. Km. ara i te tuanui rerekē ki runga ki te 11.8 km. Hoki te manureva hiahiatia ropu o 2.3 mano mita.

rererangi rākau o te riri

taea ki te ara ki te rangi ki runga ki 12 toni o matā te rererangi ko te. poma Whakanohoia i roto i te wehenga takere. Whakaaetia a svobodnopadayuschih missiles karihi te katoa taimaha o 9 taranata.

Tu-95 kīia ai kua te rākau pono ārai. Kei reira o te repo 23-mirimita. I roto i te nuinga o akatuke'anga tāuta takirua AM-23 i runga i te raro, runga, me te aft wahi o te rererangi. I roto i te wā onge reira ko te pū rererangi GS-23.

I roto i te take o te tāuta rawa submarine AM-23 ki te pūnaha hau tango aunoa motuhake. Kei te piri ana te pū ki te puna, me te ārahi ana pāhūhū te tinana pouaka. Tutaki i roto i te wā e rua, te rōnaki poro. Hoki te rokiroki pūngao, me te faaiti i te pānga i te muri o te pu mā te whakamahi i te mea ai kōwae rangi motuhake.

Te mea faahiahia, te AM-23 roa ko e pā ana ki te 1.5 mita. Ko te taimaha o te pū taua ko te 43 kg. tere shooting - ki runga ki te 20 matā ia te rua.

raruraru whakahaere

timata te whanaketanga o te pere ki te mau fifi appreciable. Ko tētahi o nga āhuatanga matua ko te piha. I te tīmatanga i ruarua taunga Tu-95 mō flights roa-whānui. Nā ki te nohoanga fiemālie i roto i te waka hoki mauiui maha, ana waewae moti rawa. Wharepaku me katoa e tikanga tank kawe ki te commode. I tua atu, ko reira rawa maroke, me te wera i roto i te piha, moe te rangi i ki te hinu te puehu. Ka rite ki te hua, kihai te waka rerenga prodelyvat roa i roto i te waka rererangi kia rokohanga.

Toutou i raruraru ki te pūnaha hinu, me te pūkaha. I roto i te hotoke, i thickened te ranunga kohuke i pāngia tika te tere takahuri. I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi mō te tīmata i te engines i mahana mua mīhini huri hiko. puta ke te āhuatanga kua ki te tuku i roto i te hanga nui-tauine o te hinu pūkaha motuhake.

Ko te tono tuatahi

i mea purepure tuatahi Tu-95 i te rererangi i roto i Kyiv rohe i roto i te mutunga o 1955. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, e rave rahi whakarerekētanga o te taketake me te piri nga rarangi o 409 TBAP. Te tau e whai ake nei, i hanga e tetahi hoia wehenga, i kitea e hoki tetahi wahi mo te wha TU-95. Hoki te wa roa, patu kawe pere i anake Ukrainian Soviet Air Force. Heoi, mai i te mutunga o nga 1960. TU-95 me ona akatuke'anga oti hangars hōia i roto i te rohe o Russia hakari-ra.

Ki te hanga i Tuhinga tawhio ko nga rererangi aro anaana i runga i ope rautaki NATO i te tonga o Ahia, me te China. i nga wa katoa rererangi i runga i mataara. Maoro, kua riro nga mana US kite he taua whakaeminga kino o te mana whawhai i ratou turanga, me hononga takawaenga hono. Ka rite ki te hua, i te Soviet Union ki titaria te nuinga o te pere i runga i tona rohe.

Mai 1960-doma. TU-95 me ka kite i runga i te Arctic, te Indian Ocean, te rohe Atlantic me Ingarangi. Toutou ki taua mahi o te whenua tali fefeka, patoto pere. Heoi, ko te pā o ngā take pēnei i kahore pūkete i kore i mahia.

Taupānga hou

I roto i te puna o 2007, toutou kitea pere Russian i te rangi mo te mahi hōia o te Army Ingarangi. Kua puta mahinga rite i roto i te Gulf o Clyde me Hebrides. Heoi, haere tahi ia wa mo te meneti torutoru i roto i te rangi maranga whawhai Ingarangi, me te patu whakatuma i e TU-95 tua atu ona rohe.

Mai i 2007 ki te 2008, i kitea kawe pere i runga i nga turanga hōia me kawe rererangi NATO. I roto i tenei wā, i reira ko tetahi e hinga ai rererangi TU-95. Kua korerotia whakamārama Official i runga i nga take o te aituā.

I teie mahana te "Bears" tonu ona mahi maramarama te ao.

plane Crash

E ai ki ngā tatauranga, i nga 2 tau i reira ko te rererangi aituā nui TU-95. Mea rawa i roto i te mahi tuki 31 pere. Ko te maha o mate ko te 208 te iwi.

Ko te aituā tino tata Tu-95 ka mau wahi i roto i te Hōngongoi 2015. tupu te kino ki te whakarerekētanga rererangi. Ko te take matua mō te tiango o nga tohunga karanga te huru tinana tawhito o te kōwae.

rererangi aituā Tu-95 MS kua kī te oraraa o te mau melo kaumoana e rua. tupu te tūtukitanga tata ana Khabarovsk. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, i te pere i roto i te rere whakakahore tonu engines katoa.

patu ki

TU-95 i runga i te pauna VVS USSR tae noa te Soviet Union hinga i roto i te 1991. I taua wa, ko te wahi nui i roto i te mahi o Ukraine - e pā ana ki 25 mua. ko katoa o ratou wahi o te hapu hoia, taimaha motuhake i roto i Uzin. I roto i te 1998, i mutu i te turanga ki te tīariari. Ko te hua ko te whakakorenga o te rererangi, me to ratou whakangaromanga muri. Wāhanga o te rererangi i tahuri ki te trucking arumoni.

I roto i te 2000, tukua Ukraine i runga i te toe Russian TU-95 mō te utu o te nama tūmatanui. Ko te nui katoa o te utu i āhua $ 285 miriona. I roto i te 2002, kua 5 TU-95 kua whakarerekētia ki te rererangi taimaha maha-mahi.

Ki te rā, ngā te rākau o te riri Russian o e pā ana ki 30 mua. Ko tētahi atu 60 wae i roto i te rokiroki.

whakarerekētanga nui

Ko te rerekētanga tino noa ko te taketake TU-95 MS. Tenei rererangi e mau ana ipu Kh-55 missiles. Ki te rā, noho ratou i te tino i roto i ētahi atu i te tauira te 95raa.

whakaaro te muri tino rongonui ko te whakarereke o te Tu-95 A. Ko te mahi ruku karihi rautaki. Kei compartments motuhake mō te rokiroki warheads radiological. Hoki utu te tuhituhi ko te putanga whakangungu ki te pukapuka "U" me "CS".

Rite ki te analogues ke

Te nuinga āwhiwhiwhi ki te whakaritenga o te TU-95 he rererangi American B-36J me B-25H. Ko te taimaha iti me te rahi, kahore rerekētanga taketake. Heoi, whanake te pere Russian te tere toharite tawhiti nui: 830 km / h versus 700 km / h. Ano, te TU-95 he nui nui pūtoro whawhai me ngā. I te tahi atu te ringa, analogues US tuanui mahi i runga e pā ana ki te 20% me te kokoru utanga atu nui (7-8 toni). motors te pamu āhua rite.