Robert Guk: haurongo, me te ora whaiaro. Haurongo Brief Roberta Guka me tona whakatuwheratanga

English pūtaiao Robert Guk ko tetahi o nga hinengaro rahi o te rautau tekau mā whitu. Kua mahi ia i runga i te momo o whakapae, me mea, kua pai ake te hanganga o te karu me te kikokiko rawa pūtau tuatahi whakaturia.

tamarikitanga o te pūtaiao nui

ahupūngao Future, huaota, ihi me te arorangi, i whanau i runga i Hōngongoi 18, 1635 i roto i te pa o wai māori, kei nei i runga i te Isle o Wight. Ko tona papa te Rector o te hahi o Feia Mo'a katoa. Katia roa i wehi hoki te hauora o te tamaiti, kia rite ki ko ia rawa ngoikore, me te tscheduschnym ko Robert ora. I roto i te 1648, i muri i te matenga o tona papa, oho Robert Guk ki Rānana, a meinga ana ia hei tauira o te kaitoi i te ingoa o Pita Lely. hoko Kua he kaiputaiao rongonui, Oia i haamana'o ia tona tamarikitanga, engari te pūkenga o te whakaahua e haere tahi i te ahupūngao o ratou mahi, ka taea te mea e kore i ngaro te wa i roto i te noa i roto i te taiwhanga. I wha, ka te tamaiti he tauira o Westminster Kura Bashbi i i puta i roto i 1653-m. Ka rite ki tetahi kaiputaiao Robert Guk ako Latin, i ko te reo matua o te kōrero pūtaiao i te wa. I tua atu, puritia e ia te Hiperu me Kariki, i mohio ia e founga ki te tākaro i te okana, me te tonu taukei i nga akoranga matatini.

Ko te timatanga o te mahi pūtaiao

I muri i te kura nui, oho Robert Guk ki Oxford ki te riro i te ākonga i te Karaiti College Ekalesia. I tua atu, ko ia he himene i roto i te hahi, me te he kaiāwhina, me te tata collaborator o Boyle. I roto i te hunga taua tau, i te mohio ki nga kaiuru o "College kitea" o Oxford, nga kaihanga o te hapori pūtaiao, me te whakahaere i, i te whakatangihanga a te wāhi nui i roto i te ora o Hooke. I roto i tenei wā, whakaaro he ahupūngao te papu rangi, hanga he pukapuka i runga i te nekehanga o te wai i roto i te tōiti. I tua atu, Robert Guk, te whakatuwheratanga o nei e hanga he tikanga puna mo mataaratanga pute, i ahau i te tautohe iti ki Huygens, nei hoki mahi ki taua whakaaro. I roto i te 1662, ka whakawhiwhia te pūtaiao tohu o te ariki i Oxford University o te Toi, te Royal Society, i taua wa anake ki te hanga i, whakaritea ki a ia kaitiaki o ngā. I roto i 1663-m hanga Robert Guk he tūtohinga mō tenei hapori mātauranga, i uru ki te maha o ona mema o, a i roto i 1677, ka e ia tona hēkeretari.

London ahorangi

Ahakoa he haurongo poto o Roberta Guka kore i taea te mahi i waho te whakahua o te meka e i roto i 1664, i te mea kua riri te whiu, ahupūngao mahue London i Ingarangi. Taimi nounou ki mu'a i whakaritea e ia ahorangi Greshemovskogo kāreti, ka noho i roto i te fare i roto i tona whare. I tua atu, kihai i Hooke mutu te mahi o te kaitiaki o ngā o te Royal Society. Ko te tūranga uaua e kore hoki e mea i mahara ki te utu. Hoki e kore pūtaiao pümau rawa te whakarite ngā hou i whai pānga ai ki te utu nui. Otiia, kua awhinatia tenei mahi tona rangahau whaiaro, me te kua hanga he kaitohutohu honore mana ahupūngao faaturahia. I tua atu, i te whanui o ngā ngākau nuitanga o Robert maere e te tahi atu mau melo o te hapori. Mōhiohio e pā ana Robert Hooke i te "History o te Royal Society" mau a'oraa e pā ana ki tona mahi rite te kaitiaki, me te whakamārama ana ana ngā mīharo ki mārua puhipuhi paura, roha waiariki o te karaihe, me te mahi ki te waihanga i te karu, iris me nga mea katoa o mea METEOROLOGICAL.

Te hanga "Micrographia"

I roto i 1665-m i tukua te mahi tino nui o te kaipūtaiao. Pukapuka i huaina "Micrographics" ngā te ara ki te whakamahi i te karu mo te momo o te rangahau pūtaiao. whakaahua ana te reira i te ngā ngā ki ono tekau wahi o ngā tipu, ngā ngārara, me te kararehe. hanga Opening o te hanganga pūtau o kaiao ko Robert Guk. kihai i Biology tona moni pūtaiao matua, kia ai te hua o te rangahau, ko te ara ake maere. I tua atu, i te rauemi i runga i
matatoka, hanga ana e ia ano Hooke te kaiwhakarewa o paleontology. whakaahua kounga pai, me te tuhi i hanga "Micrographics" pukapuka faufaa rahi. Ahakoa te meka e te tata wareware te pūtaiao i te kau, tona pakaruhanga i te ako o te pūtau, ko o faufaa rahi. Hei mohio e pā ana ki tenei kitea ko tino utu.

te whakatuwhera pūtau

ake Roberta Guka kua te karu kua te kaupapa o te moni tamau o te kaipūtaiao. whakaaro ia mā te whakamahi i ia he rota o ngā tūemi. Kia, hei ahanoa o ako ka haere ia puta noa i te puru pounamu. hanga e ia he maripi tapahia patua pūtaiao koi me ratou hanganga uaua tika. Cell, te rauemi wāhanga o puru, fakamanatu Hooke honikoma. Mai ko te tarai o te tipu takenga, kawea atu ngā tūhuratanga i roto i runga i te tātā me peka o ētahi atu tipu. I runga i te wāhanga angiangi o te tuakana ka kite ano Robert te mata pūtau. E wehea ēnei pūtau i ia atu e pātaki rarahi i te ingoa pūtau ahupūngao. ako e ia o ratou rahi me te pānga o ratou aroaro i runga i te taonga arā o ratou rauemi. Ko te kupu ka timata te hītori o te ako o te tipu ngā pūtau. Kua mahi atu ki runga ki a ratou kua whakawhitia ki tetahi atu mema o te Royal Society, Grew Nehemia, ko wai i atu faaieie i koiora atu Robert Guk. Kua whakawhanakehia History o te kitea o ngā pūtau kua whakawhetai ki ona mau tautooraa. Uaua me te tahuri, oti rawa ia tona ora ki te ako o ngā tipu me te nuinga te awe te akoranga atu o te pūtaiao i roto i tenei rohe. Ko tōna pukapuka matua i runga i te tumu parau i "Plant anatomy e whakamārama tipu kōrero taumauri me ētahi atu i te torutoru pepa lau i mua i te Royal Society." Na, i tīmata kē te ahupūngao Robert Guk mō ētahi atu ngā.

atu mahi

e kore e okioki ia i runga i ona tatü Robert Guk, nei haurongo kua taonga kē te whakaputanga o "Micrographia". whakawhanakehia e ia te ariā o te marama, mahara, me te hanganga o te mea, rorohiko whakaaro hoki ngā mahi tauhanga matatini, me te tino rite te whakaaro e taea ki te ako papa autō o te whenua. I roto i etahi o ona whakaaro o pūtaiao ko reira pakeke rawa.
Hei tauira, i roto i te 1674 i ia he tautohe ki a Hevelius e pā ana ki te peculiarities o te whakamahi o whārahi. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te o 1670 i tuhituhia ai pepa i runga i te ariā o te elasticity, e kua riro te whenua tupuranga mo te ture o Hooke pai-mohiotia. kī ia e te hua i roto i te roa whanaunga ki te taketake kaiwaea hautanga kaha elongation inversely hautanga ki te rahi o te ahanoa ripeka-wāhanga, me te te hono ki te rauemi i nei te hangaia.

Communication ki Newton

I roto i 1672-m Isaak Nyuton riro he mema o te Royal Society, e kua roa ngā o Robert Guk. History o te kitenga o ngā pūtau, me ētahi atu ngā mea kua whakakaha ona pono i roto i te kanohi o te ahupūngao, engari tona feohi ki Newton i kukū hoki tau. Ratou tohenga pūtaiao e pā ana e rua ki take tūmataiti, pērā i te āhua ānau e whakaahua ana i te tinana hinga, me te ariā taketake, tae atu i te āhua o te marama. Newton whakaaro e te rere marama ngā matūriki motuhake i huaina e ia corpuscles marama. Robert Guk, ngā haurongo kei i te wa o te mahi o te āhua poipoi o te marama, kua riro te reira e ngā reira o nga nekehanga wiri o te reo mārama. Heoi i reira ko he kōrero i waenganui i te corpuscular me ariā poipoi. i pera kaha e faaoti Newton kore ki te tuhituhi e pā ana ki te muka ki te mate o te Hooke te totohe.

Tinihanga tuwhera tukutahi ranei?

I roto i te 1686 i waenganui i Newton me Hooke whawhati tetahi tautohetohe, tenei wa e pā ana ki te ture o te tōpapa ao. Pea takitahi ka haere Guk ki te māramatanga o te hononga hautanga i waenganui i te kaha o te mahara, me te tapawha o te tawhiti i waenganui i te tinana, i tukua ki a ia whakapa he te kaituhi o te "Elements" o tinihanga. I runga i tenei kaupapa i tuhituhia te ahupūngao te pukapuka ki te Royal Society. Otiia, Newton whakamārama atu taipitopito o te take, tika tāutuhia, ka whakatakoto te ture o ngā o te ture tino nui o rehe. I runga i tenei kaupapa ka whakaaturia e ia te nekehanga o te aorangi, te timu me te rere, kua meinga, he tokomaha atu ngā āhuatanga nui. Hooke hoki i kakai ngāue rawa ki āta mahi rite tenei rohe. Heoi, kia tuhia te reira tona moni hohonu i roto i te raruraru o te tōpapa me te raupapa o ngā oti rawa ki reira, i puritia i 1671.

ngā mahi ahiahi

I roto i nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora Robert Guk, nei biography he tonu o te āhuatanga tino nui i roto i ngā wāhi maha, ko reira rite kaha rite tonu. haapii e ia nga uaua o te pūrere, e ngana ana ki te waihanga i te tauira aunoa, riro tona tohu hauora, i hiahia i roto i te amipere, kauhau, tae atu i runga i nga take o ru. Ko te kupu, ko te ao o te moni o pūtaiao i runga i te tau anake whakawhānui, a reira, i te wa ano ka tupu me te kawenga. I muri i te ahi e wehingia ana te nuinga o London i whakangaromia. Fakafoki o te pa arahina e Kristofer Ren, tairanga te kaihoahoa Ingarihi me hoa tata o Hooke. Te āwhina ia, mahi Hooke pakeke hoki wha tau e, te tikanga a Tūrongo ki ngā mahi whakarongo me te rangahau, me te mahue o haora o te moe me te okiokinga anake te tokorua.

Whai wāhi ki te hangaia anō o London

i te tūranga ohie Robert Hooke. Me ki Christopher Wren ki reira anō te rohe a tawhio noa te London Stock Exchange. Ki te te āwhina o te hyu Meya ko Roger Pratt i hanga e ia he takoha nui ki te hoahoanga o London. I roto i te tahi atu mea, i whakatakotoria Hooke me Wren o hoahoa mo te pou ki patunga o te ahi e wehingia ana. Kua whakawhanakehia kaupapa tino, a i roto i 1677 ka kite te ao i te tīwae Doric faahiahia, i whakamahia te hanga o te kohatu Portland. karaunatia ki te pōro koura ki te arero o te ahi Ko tōna runga. I hiahia tuatahi Kristofer Ren ki te whakaatu te wahi Charles II, ka mea ia ki nei e kore e te whai wāhitanga i roto i te hui o te ahi whakaaetia. Ko te tiketike o te tīwae he 61 mita me te 57 henimita, rite nui i te tīwae ki te tīmatanga o te ahi. tikanga Hooke ki te whakamahi i te tohu rite te taiwhanga pūtaiao mō te kōmata karu me te mahi ki te tautau, ko te wiri meinga e waka, haukotia taua mahi.

Ko te mate o

Mahi ki te hanga pai ake te tūnga pūtea o Rānana o te kaiputaiao, engari i te pānga kino i runga i te hauora. ra ohipa taumaha mea mate, me te kaha ino o te kite. tenenga Latest o te pūtaiao nui ko inenga o te kaipuke. Mō ia ka mōhio te Royal Society i tanguru 1701 i te ngutu o Edmond Halley, nei ko te hoa tata o Hooke. ka mate ahupūngao, kaikoiora me te taiao o Robert Guk i runga i Maehe 3, 1703 i roto i tona fare i Greshemovskom kāreti. Ko tētahi o te iwi tino pūmanawa o taua wa, i undeservedly wareware ia ki te akoranga o nga tau.

Take o te warewaretanga

Kua mauähara Whakahaerenga o Hooke i nga kaupapa o te āhua o te marama, me nga ture o te tōpapa mahi rite te pūtake mo te mahi Isaaka Nyutona, engari rerekētanga nui o rua pūtaiao ratou hononga. timata te reira i te ahua o te aroraa. Na, nekehia atu tohutoro katoa ki te mahi o Hooke i tona "Mathematical Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni o Natural Philosophy" Newton. I tua atu, tamata ia ki kötua tona takoha ki te pūtaiao. Ei peresideni o te Royal Society, mutu Newton te whakamahi i maha taputapu hanga ā-Hooke ratou tanumia i roto i te warewaretanga o tona mahi, a hoatu tona whakaahua. ahua mangu kororia physicists pūmanawa. Otiia, he reira e pā ana ki a ia i tuhituhia e te kupu rongonui a Newton. I roto i tetahi o ana pukapuka, e ai ta ia, i kite ia i runga i anake no te mea e tu ana ahau i runga i nga pokohiwi o roroa. Ko e mo'oni, tika Robert Guk he ingoa taua, no te mea ko ia he nui kaiputaiao, ihi, taiao, arorangi me te kaihoahoa o tona wa.

meka Interesting e pā ana ki te pūtaiao

Doctors me whanaunga wehi Hooke e e mate ia i roto i te aruaruraa. kī etahi e kore ia e ora ake ki te rua tekau tau. Otiia, i 68 tau, e te mea kia huaina te wa rawa roa i te mau ture o te rautau tekau mā whitu noho te ahupūngao. Taitara "pūtau", i whakaarohia e ia mo nga wae timatanga o te tinana ora, e tika ana ki te meka i taua matūriki Hooke pūtau rite Monks. Ko tētahi o nga ngā e pā ana ki te manawa, tata mutu i roto i te roimata mo te tane kaiputaiao. Kua hoatu e ia ano i roto i te kōwae piri motuhake, i nei papu rangi, a tetahi wahi rite ki te hua o te mate o te rongo. I tua atu i te pou, i hanga i roto i te mahi tahi ki Wren, Hooke i te kaupapa kua hanga whare pērā i te Observatory i Greenwich me Cathedral o St. Paora. Tirohia te te mahi o te ahupūngao nui taea inaianei.