Russian, kēmihi Soviet Nina Andreeva: biography, āhuatanga, whakatutukitanga me meka ngā

E matau ana tatou he rota o ahorangi me kairangahau, e muri ka te kau taki tōrangapū? I tčnei wā, he iwi nui ake maha atu i kaitōrangapū ki te mātauranga motuhake, rangatira matua o hinonga nui ranei. Otiia i roto i nga tau o perestroika, nga mea ahua rerekē. Ko te hunga e hanga te rōpū, i tetahi whāinga - ki te kawea ratou whakaaro ki nga tini, hiahia he ora pai mo te iwi. kihai ratou i whai i te whāinga ki te hopu i te wahi "i te waka." Ko tētahi o nga tangata ohie o te hunga e hiahia ana ki te hanga i te ao pai, ka he kaiwhakaako o tetahi o te Institute o te USSR Rangahau - Nina.

tauākī poto

Andreeva Nina Aleksandrovna - kēmihi Russian, me te kaitōrangapū Soviet ko Russia hou. Ahakoa te meka e kore kua mohio a tonu te iwi whānui reira pai, i taea ki te whakaawe i te akoranga o te aamu te wahine. riro tōna wahine rongonui-tau 78-tawhito kua i muri i te whakaputanga o te tuhinga roa (tuhinga Andreeva) "E kore e taea e ahau te fakangaloku 'i runga i te mau parau tumu." Te tahi feia faahapa e whakapono e taea tenei kuputuhi e tetahi o nga take he aha hinga te Soviet Union. Ko te mea tino? Kia tūhura i te.

Haurongo: Nina Andreeva

Oketopa 12, 1938 i roto i Leningrad (USSR) whanau i te kotiro, Nina. ko he kaimahi tauranga ohie tona papa. ka mate ia i te mua i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.

riro Nina Andreeva tona mātauranga i tona whaea, e mahi rite te mīhini i te tipu Kirov. ka mau te pakanga te kēmihi heke mai e kore anake tona papa, engari ano hoki te teina tuakana me tuahine.

Mai tamarikitanga, i aroha Nina Andreeva pūtaiao. ata ako ia i roto i te kura, na ka whakawhiwhia he mētara koura mo tona otinga. He mātauranga Tuarua riro, tomo tetahi wahine taitamariki te Institute o Technology Leningrad, te kōwhiri i te makehe, me te tikanga o te kēmihi. Otiia e kore e he reira hiahia ake i roto i te pūtaiao iho, me karahipi tiketike, i ngā mo te whakangungu motuhake. Ko te kotiro i te wa i ite fifi nui pūtea. Whāiti i o te wahine taitamariki i muri i tu'ite timata te mahi ki te spetskeramikoy.

puta Nina Andreeva i kāreti ki te honore. I muri mai, tino pai oti rangahau pou-paetahi me te riro he tohu i roto i tikanga hangarau.

tau o te mahi

I muri i tu'ite, mahi Nina Andreeva i te Institute o te karaihe kiripaka Rangahau i te kairangahau pou. I muri i tenei, i whakaako ia ākonga o te matū tinana i te Institute o Technology Leningrad.

I roto i te 1966, piri ia te Pāti Communist o te Soviet Union, whakaaro ia he takafí. Na roto i te whakatau o te kaupapa whakahaere Andreeva Nina Aleksandrovna, hoki nei kua runga tonu pūtaiao tuatahi, i tonoa atu e ia i tona mahi. I peia ia i te rōpū. Otiia i roto i te 1981, Nina Alexandrovna me whakahokia i roto i te pou, a i roto i te mema i muri i haere PDAs tirohanga tangata (CC CPSU).

Chikin Valentin, tino ētita o te nūpepa "Soviet Russia", ka mea e, i kohi ia mōhiohio e pā ana ki Andreeva i mua i te whakaputa ia tuhinga rongonui, whakahaere whare wānanga ki te whakarato i ngā kairīpoata ki te whakaahuatanga tino ātaahua o te katoa-wā e mahi ana wahine. Na whakaako Nina Andreeva i 1972 ki te 1991.

Te mounu i Andreeva me huringa o te mahi

I te timatanga o 1988 i roto i te niupepa "Soviet Russia" whakaputaina he tuhinga, e te tuhituhi e Nina Andreeva "kore e taea e ahau fakangaloku 'i runga i te mau parau tumu." E toru wiki i muri mai, i tuhituhia ai disavowed te "parau mau" i roto i te tuhinga "Te mau parau tumu o te hanganga:. Te whakaaro orurehau me mahi"

I muri i tenei, te whakatoi Andreeva. Reira katoa mutu kia tana tane, i tukua e Nina Alexandrovna e rave rahi whakaeke ngakau, engari te kaiako rawa "arahi" ki te wahi o te mahi.

He aha te i muri?

Te reira i tino ko te wāhi koki uaua i roto i te ora Andreeva. Otiia i roto i te 1989, ahu ia te katoa-Union Society (Party) "e uouangatahá", tohe Leninism me mana'o tōrangapū Russian. I roto i te 1991, ka Andreev te rangatira o te rōpū "Bolshevik Pūhara o te CPSU"

A ki te mutunga o te ngahuru o nga taua tau, riro Nina te matenga o te whakahaere "katoa-Union Communist Party." Ko rite ki to matou wahine pūrotu, e kore i matenui ia mo te mana. Te reira i katoa tupu i tahaki.

Aru e te kauhau ki mua i te ākonga o te paari e "Ko ore hapori." I roto i tenei take, he kaitōrangapū wahine, he rangatira nui, noho i roto i te fare e rima-papa tano, e kore whakapawerawera ki ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te whakapai ake o te ora rā.

mahi nui

I roto i te whakarara me tona mahi tōrangapū wa hua Nina Andreeva ki te tuhituhi pukapuka, me te whakaputa i tuhinga:

1. He kohinga o 368 whārangi: "ngaahi tefito'i mo'oni Nepodarennye, ranei hoê aamu poto o perestroika", 1993.
2. "Ko Kāore korerotia hapori", 1992.
3. Collection o kauhau "hoki mua i roto i te kaupapa hapori", 2002.
4. tuhinga Famous o 2 whārangi - "E kore e taea e ahau te hoatu ake te mau parau tumu", 1988.

He aha i mea ratou i roto i te tuhinga rongonui?

I roto i te puna, March 13, whakaputaina Andreeva tuhinga i roto i 1988, "e kore ahau e taea e fakangaloku i runga i te mau parau tumu." Kuputuhi o te pukapuka ko te karanga i te ngakau o te kaiako Soviet. whakahe i te tuhinga i te rauemi whakaputaina i roto i te pāpāho, i roto i nei i muri i te tīmatanga o te whakatinanatanga o te mahere hanganga timata ki te faaino hapori me te kaupapa here a Stalin.

ka mea a Andreev e, o te akoranga, rite iwi Soviet katoa, te mea he huru tōraro ki te kaupapa here o te faatereraa o te wa USSR, ka i reira nga tāmate, kawea atu utu ki te iwi (30-40s). Engari kia rite ki Nina tohu i roto i e kore te mea e tika ana ki te tuwha ratou riri i te kaupapa here o te feia faatere o te mua rite te katoa, i rite ki ta te i roto i te pāpāho.

Andreeva i roto i te whakamoemiti ki tonu i o Stalin i tona reta. Ka rite ki nga tohenga tiaki arata'i wahine he reta rūpahu ki Churchill. Me te kaiako ki te haere hoki ki te rōpū, me te piha haapiiraa te aromātai ano o te kaupapa here a Stalin. E ai ki a Andreev, te mea i mea i roto i te press i te wa o te tuhituhi o te kuputuhi haapi'o hītori whakakapi meka.

Ko te kaituhi ta e te iwi e faaino hapori, he piri o te Te Hau-ā-uru, me te cosmopolitanism. i waiho i raro hoki Supporters o "hapori kaiahuwhenua" ki te faaino nanakia i te Andreeva. I roto i te omuaraa ki te tuhinga e whakamahia ana he faahitiraa Gorbachev, i e kī i te kaupapa here e raro i kore take e kore e taea e takahi i te mau parau tumu Marxist-Leninist.

He aha ka?

I te mutunga o Maehe 1988 te reta Niny Andreevoy kōrero i roto i te Politburo i te tono akiaki o Mikhail Gorbachev. I te hui , Dmitry Yazov tautoko kaiako, maka ana te aronga i runga i nga hua o Stalin i roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic. kihai wikitoria i taea e tutuki whakapae kahore te rangatira.

He tokomaha hoki kairangahau me hītori o te wa o ahua o te tuhinga me te kōrero muri taea riro āhuatanga matua o te hanganga. Otiia rite ki te kaituhi (Andreeva), ko tona pukapuka he whakautu ki nga tuhinga o Prohanova Aleksandra.

tahu Andreeva

I muri i tu'ite, moea e Nina Andreeva he kaiwhakaako o te taua kāwanatanga i roto i nei mahi ia. Te Oraraa e tirohanga i runga i te ora o te hoa faaipoipo i tino rite.

fanauhia VI Klyushin January 23, 1926. I muri i te kura nui tomo ia te kura e rere Leningrad. I roto i te whakapaenga o te pa mahi i roto i te tarai kaha wheketere. I te tau 1943 ka haere a Klyushin ki te mua, te wahi i ia he kamupene rangatira submachine Komsomol. I tino whara ia i roto i 1944 i roto i te pakanga mō te Leningrad. I muri hōhipera tangata i mahi i roto i te Tomsk Artillery Kura Tuatahi, ka meinga e ia rangatira o te ope iti i roto i te puhipuhi. I ahau i te rota o tohu, me mētara mō korero te whenua o.

I muri whakaoti mahi hōia tomo Klushin te Leningrad State University. Zhdanov, te Faculty o Philosophy. I muri i te fariiraa i te pōkairua, i muri i te kura nui haere ia ki te mahi i roto i te Institute o Chemical Technology. I te 1971 ka awhina ia tona tākutatanga ka meinga he orometua.

Klyushin Andreeva a noho tahi mo te ora roa. I roto i te Oketopa 1996, ka mate te tangata. I runga i te āhua o tona hauora pāngia e te taumahatanga o te mutunga o 80-doma, ka tino rerenga te taha o tana wahine me nga wahi katoa o te utuafare i te mau parau mau vahi atoa kino ratou. Otiia hoa Andreeva whakakake o tana wahine tonu, ko tona tautoko me te tautoko o te toenga o ona ra.

whai wāhi Russian (Soviet) kēmihi Nina Andreeva ki te hītori o perestroika me noho tonu i roto i te mahara o te iwi maha. Tona tuhituhi tamariki ako i roto i te mau haapiiraa hītori kura. I tua atu, whai wāhi te kēmihi me kaiako pai-mohiotia ki tona mahi pūtaiao. Ko mo te nuinga o te taitamarikitanga o tenei ra ka noho i te reira i te "Granny-Ninulkoy", kotahi huaina ana tamariki, he wahine nei i taea e ki te tu atu i te pūnaha, te parururaa i to ratou whakaaro tōrangapū, me te tūranga ā.