Hanganga, Kōrero
Te ngana i runga i Lenin. Fanny Kaplan. hītori Secret
Kōrero wā rave rahi fakamo'oni'i e tetahi rangatira tōrangapū, roa nei te mo te wa roa i roto i te mana, a ka whakatairanga tutū tuwhena, takaí me huringa, maoro, riro he ūnga mō whakaeke e te hoariri e whakahē ki te akoranga i whiriwhiri. Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov - te, te rangatira rongonui ao-rongonui o te revolution, ko kahore okotahi, rite Hitler, Stalin, Pinochet me ētahi atu tau hītori piro. I tona ora toutou takahia te hunga e kore i whakaae ki te akoranga tōrangapū whiriwhiria me te ara o tona whakatinanatanga.
Te Kaplan rongonui?
Te ngana i runga i Lenin, i tangohia e wahi i roto i 1918, ahakoa kahore i reira angitu, engari i whakapuakina whānui. whakaahuatia ana tēnei raruraru i roto i maha pukapuka o hītori, me rite nga pūhia matua i reira tohu he tetahi Ms. Kaplan - rererangi whakamomori-tau 28-tau. Kua rite tona ngana tutuki i runga i Lenin arahina ki te meka i mau te kotiro, me te mahi i muri i te 3 ra i muri i te raruraru. Ko maha hītori ruarua e taea e Kaplan katoa whakaaro me te whakarite ia ratou. Ki te rā, te porohita o te hunga e pea taea te whai wāhi i roto i te kōhurutanga, kei te rawa atu i te reira. I roto i tenei take, he o nui te pānga ki e rua hītori ngaio me te iwi noa te tuakiri o Fanny Kaplan.
Lenin: he haurongo poto
Ko te tangata nana nei i riro i te rangatira o te kaupapa orurehau, a meinga ana mahi tōrangapū tautoko kaha, whakawhetai ki nei te kitenga te takanga o 1917 i whanau, i roto i Russia, i roto i 1870. I whanau ia i roto i Simbirsk. Tona tuakana, Alexander, i ātete ki te tikanga tsarist. I te tau 1987 whai wāhi ia i roto i te nganatanga kōhurutanga rahua i runga i Alexander III. Tenei meka nui whakaawe te tūranga tōrangapū heke mai o Vladimir.
I puta ia i te kura nui rohe, faaoti Ulyanov-Lenin ki whakauru i roto i te Manga Ture i te University o Kazan. Ko te wahi e haamata tona mahi tūmatanui. kaha tautoko ia i te porohita o "Narodnaya Volya", e i taua wa i mana rāhuitia e te mana. Kei te hoko hoki tētahi wāhi kaha i roto i tetahi pōuri ākonga he ākonga Volodya Lenin. haurongo poto e whakaatu ako whare wānanga mutu ki a ia peia kahore hapa me te noa, e tika ana i taua wa te mana o "te tangata tinihanga".
Wāhanga o te whanaketanga o ngā whakaaro tōrangapū
I muri pana i te whare wānanga, ka hoki ia ki a Kazan. I roto i te 1888, riro Ulyanov-Lenin he mema o tetahi o nga porohita Marxist. Tona mahara tōrangapū te pae hopea i hanga i muri i ako i te mahi o Engels, Plekhanov ko Marx.
Ko reira i raro i te mana o nga mahi ako o Lenin, te revolution i te titiro te ara anake ka taea ki te mutu i te tikanga Tsarist, āta huri ratou whakaaro tōrangapū. O mārama whāia, hei ratou pāpori-manapori.
timata Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov ki te whakawhanake i tōna ake tauira tōrangapū o te kāwanatanga, faifai ka mohiotia rite Leninism i riro. Huri noa i taua wa haamata ia ki kaha teuteu mo te revolution, me te titiro Odnodum me kaiāwhina i roto i te mau ana i roto i te Etat tukipoto d'. I roto i te wā i 1893 ki te 1895. kaha ia kaikauwhau i tona mahi rangahau, e whakaahua ana i te hiahia mo te hou, kia hapori.
Young ngā deploys he mahi kaha ki te autocracy tsarist, hoki nei 1897, ka tono tangata ki whakaraua mo te tau. Ahakoa o nga rāhui katoa me here, a tavini ai tona whiu, tonu e ia ana mahi. I roto i te whakarau, Ulyanov mana tohu ki tana wahine ā - Krupskaya.
wā orurehau
I roto i te 1898 tū ia he Congress tuatahi rohe o te Social Democratic Party. I tū tēnei hui i roto i te mea ngaro. I ahu te reira i te taha o Lenin, a, ahakoa te meka e whai wāhi i roto i reira ka mau 9 anake iwi, kua whakapono reira e ko te reira i te timatanga o te huringa i roto i te whenua. Ki tenei Congress tuatahi i roto i tata 20 tau ka mau wahi te revolution o 1917 i roto i Russia.
I roto i te wā o 1905-1907., Ka kawea i roto i te nganatanga papatipu tuatahi ki te turaki torona o te kingi, Kei Ulyanov i roto i Switzerland, engari i reira kua Mahi tahi ki te tahae Russian. Hoki te wa poto whakahaere noa ia ki te hoki mai ki a St Petersburg, a arahina nga tahae. I te mutunga o 1905, ko Vladimir Ilyich i Finland, i reira ka tutaki ia ki a Stalin.
Whakatika ki te mana
wa i muri, ka hoki Lenin ki Russia anake i roto i te mate 1917. Ia riro tonu te pahųtanga o te matenga o te ngangaretanga i muri. I muri i te tukipoto roa-tatari ravehia, haere katoa te mana kāwanatanga ki te ringa o Ulyanov me tona Bolshevik Party.
Mai kua te kingi kua whakakorea, e hiahiatia ana te whenua i te kāwanatanga hou. riro ratou i te Kaunihera o Commissars o People, i ahu e Lenin pai. Kia i te mana, ia fakanatula haamata ki te kawe i roto i hanganga, i kua etahi kua tino mamae. I roto ia ratou - te nép, te whakakapinga o Karaitiana ki te, kotahi "whakapono" hou - Communism. i hanga e ia te Army Whero, i uru i roto i te Pakanga Civil tae noa ki 1921.
i maha pakeke, me te repressive nga takahanga tuatahi o te kāwanatanga hou. roa te pakanga ā-iwi, i wahia i roto i runga i te whakamārama o reira, tata noa 1922. Ko te tino whakamataku, me te toto. Hoariri me dissidents i te ture Soviet, matau e tika ana ki te te pehea o te rangatira rite Vladimir Ilyich, e kore e taea e koutou, a ka anga ka ki te faaineine ngana i runga i Lenin.
He maha o ngā nganatanga rahua
i hanga toutou nganatanga ki te whakakore Ulyanov i kaha i te kaha. I roto i te wā i te tau 1918 ki te 1919, me te i roto i nga tau o muri mai, tamata V. I. Lenina ki whakamatea e rave rahi taime. te kitenga o te ngana tuatahi i tata i muri i te hopu i nga mua mana, ara, te 01.01.1918. I tenei ra, e pā ana ki te hawhe mua e whitu i roto i te ahiahi te motokā, i peia Ulyanov tamata ki kopere.
Na roto i te aituā, i runga i tenei haerenga, kihai i Lenin anake. I haere tahi ia e Maria Ulyanova, me te he māngai pai-mohiotia o te Swiss Social Democrats - Fritz Platten. Ko tenei he ngana nui i runga i Lenin i tutuki, no te mea i muri i te pere tuatahi, piko Platten ringa tona matenga Vladimira Ilicha. I te wa ano i whara ia Fritz, me te rangatira o te revolution Soviet kore tino e pāngia. Ahakoa te rapu roa mo te hara, kihai i kitea nga tangata kohuru e. maha anake tau i muri uru he Gi Shakhovskoy e mahi ia kia rite ki te kaiwhakahaere o te kōhurutanga. Te i taua wa i roto i te whakarau, te pütea e ia te whawhai, a motuhia atu mo tona faaineineraa i runga i te nui rahi o te wā - tata hawhe te miriona moni.
tukipoto ta'ehaohaoa
I muri i te whakaaetanga o te mana Soviet hoariri katoa, ka reira mārama e kore e te tikanga hou nekenekehia, ano ka ora ia i roto i tino tona ideologue - Lenin. Te ngana i roto i 1918, whakaritea e te Union o Knights o St. George, i taka i mua reira tīmata noa. Kotahi ra January i CPC whakatutuki te Spiridonov whānau tangata, nana nei i whakaurua tetahi o nga Knights o St. George. ka mea ia e kua whakaritea tana whakahaere ki reira he misioni motuhake - ki te hopu iho, ka patua Lenin. E ai ki te hoia i mea, hoki he reira 20 mano. I whakaaria mai moni.
I muri te haamau'araa i uiui Spiridonov, kitea rangatira haumaru te wāhi pokapū o te whaitua o te Union Knights o St. George, a tae mai ia ki te whakamana rapu. kitea i reira revolvers i pahū, a e tika ana ki tenei meka te pono o te kupu Spiridonov kore feaa.
E ngana ana ki pahua ana te rangatira
A paraparau e pā ana ki te nganatanga maha i runga i te ora o Ulyanov, me mahara koutou kotahi maiki ke e tupu ki Vladimirom Ilichom i 1919. puritia taipitopito Official o te aamu i roto i te Lubyanka i №240266, ka whakaatu ona taipitopito i tino riria. I roto i te iwi, kua meinga tenei hui mohiotia rite Lenin pahua, a he tokomaha o nga meka i roto i te reira e kore tonu e matau pai. He maha ngā putanga o te ohipa i tupu i taua po. I roto i te hotoke o 1919, Lenin, tahi e tona tuahine, me te ahu i te atekōkiri i roto i Sokolniki. E ai ki te tetahi putanga, i reira, i roto i te fare ma'i, ko ia tana wahine, mamae i te mate mahu i te wa - he thyroiditis autoimmune. Just i roto i te wa hoki reira ki Lenin hōhipera, ka haere i runga i te 19 o Hānuere.
E ai ki tetahi atu putanga, ka haere ia ki te Sokolniki ki runga ki te rakau Kirihimete o ngā tamariki ki te manaaki i te tamariki i runga i te Kirihimete ko Iwi. I roto i tenei take, kia mea ai ke e te tino ideologue o Communism Soviet, ta'e ka faaoti ki te manaaki i te tamariki i runga i te Kirihimete, ano i runga i te 19 o Hānuere. Ko maha ngā kaituhi o tenei whakama pēnei ki te meka e te tau o mua, oho Russia ki te maramataka Gregorian, a i neke ngā rā katoa ki te 13 nga ra. Na reira, ka haere Lenin i te rakau Kirihimete kore he tino 19, me te tau 6, i runga i te mahana o te Kirihimete.
Ko te motokā ki te rangatira ka haere ki Sokolniki me ka ohorere ia tamata ki te aukati i te tangata patu mārama ahua thuggish, tetahi o te hunga reira i roto i te motokā i reira ko kahore he feaa e reira ko tetahi ngana i runga i Lenin. Hoki tenei take, te taraiwa - S. Gill - tamata kore ki te mutu, ka paheke i roto i nga kaimahi kino patu. Ho'i, Lenin, he i runga i te wā ko tino tino o tona mana, a e kore kaimahi kino mau e maia pa ia, ka ako ai ratou i mua, ka mea Lenin ia te taraiwa ki te mutu.
Ilyich panaia toia atu o te kapa waka, tuhu ki a ia pītara e rua, ka mau i nga kaipahua tona putea, ID me te Palauningí. Na ka mea ratou te taraiwa ki te waiho rere te motokā ki te motokā, ka peia atu. Ahakoa te meka i huaina ratou Lenin tona ingoa, no te mea o te Carburetor whakahaere nui i roto i tona waka kihai i hopu i te kaipahua. whakaaro ratou e fehangahangai ratou etahi Levin kaihokohoko. haere mai a tawhio noa kaipahua anake ki te wā, ka timata ratou ki te hamani i te tuhinga raupatu.
arahina e ia i te rōpū o te mana putea kaiwhanga tahae 'Hakopa. E ahiahi, whakaritea te kamupene te pahua o te whare nui, me te fare i runga i te Arbat. Ki te hanga i tētahi rōpū whakaritea e hiahiatia ana he motokā, a faaoti ratou ki te tika haere atu, hopu i te tuatahi ki te whakatau i te motokā, me te tahae i te reira. Reira na tupu e te tuatahi i runga i to ratou ara ka tutaki ratou i te motokā Vladimira Ilicha.
Anake i muri i te pahua, ka pānui i āta te tuhinga tahaetia, mohio ratou pahuatia te tangata i, a rite te wa i muri i tangohia e te raruraru wahi, he iti, ua faaoti ratou ki te hoki mai. He ko he putanga e peke, i mohio ko Lenin i mua o ia, hiahia ia kia hoki mai, ka whakamatea ia. E ai ki tetahi atu putanga, hiahia te rangatira kaipahua ki te tango i taumau ki te hokohoko hoki reira ka ki tona hoa herehere nei i roto i te whare herehere Butyrka. Ko aua mahere i haere, ara. I roto i te wa poto, ki Lenin ki te taraiwa haere ki te Kaunihera ā-rohe, fakatokanga e pā ana ki te mahinga o te Cheka, a ka hoatu i roto i te mea o meneti ki te tiaki Vladimir Ilyich. mau Koshelkova Pipiri 21, 1919. I roto i tona herehere ana, i patua ia ki te pū, me te mate tata muri.
rongonui Kaplan
Ko te ngana tino rongonui i runga i Lenin, e taka rā i runga i 30.08.1918, i reira i muri i tona korero i te tipu Moscow Michelson. I hanga pere pū e toru, me tenei wa nga matā patua te Lenin. E ai ki te putanga e pā ana, hanga matā hāngai Fanny Kaplan, i tukuna ki rite "he eserovkoy whakamomori".
Poto Papamuri Historical
whanau tenei kotiro i roto i te Ukraine i te rohe Volyn i 1890. mahi tona papa rite te kaiako i te kura Hurai, a kakahu ana ingoa tamahine ki runga ki te 16 tau tau - Roydman. Ko ia he tangata hohonu karakia, he huru rawa faaoroma'i ki mana, a kihai i taea i whakaaro e tetahi o ana tamahine ake whiriwhiri te ara o te wehi.
Kaplan mātua i muri i te tetahi wa heke ki Amerika, a ka puta ke ia tona ingoa, a ka timata ki te whakamahi i uruwhenua o tētahi atu. Mahue tautahi, piri ia te mua, me tīmata ki te whai wāhi i roto i te aroraa hou. Nuinga o ngā wā e mahi ai i roto i te transportation o tuhinga kaupapa. I tua atu, i taitamariki Kaplan ki te kawe mea atu nui, pēnei i te poma. I roto i tetahi o enei haerenga, ka puritia e ia te kaitiaki kingi, me mai taua taime Fanny ko te iti, hei utu o shooting, i whiua ia ki te transportation mō te ora.
Whakaaro Kaplan rite te tangata matua i te nganatanga i runga i Lenin, he mea nui ki te mōhio i te meka e i te kotiro raruraru kitenga nui (e kaha muri maha kairangahau ruarua ranei i taea te hanga he ringa pere tika hawhe-matapo wahine atarua). E ai ki tetahi o nga putanga ngā, ka anga ia ki te ngaro tona titiro i muri i te hit i te pahūtanga o te poma kāinga, hangaia nei ki tona tane haukāinga, i roto i te fare raro. E ai ki tetahi atu putanga, ka anga Fanny ki te haere matapo rite ki te hua o te patunga ki te matenga, riro nei i te aroaro o tona puke. i na nui e te taviniraa Kaplan pakeke mahi raruraru kanohi, tae noa hiahia ki te mahi i te whakamomori.
I muri i te murunga ohorere i roto i 1917 riro ia i te haere noa roa-tatari, ka haere ki tetahi o nga Haerea o Crimea whakapai ake ratou hauora, me te ka haere hoki pokanga i Kharkov. I muri i taua, mahara i faaho'ihia mai ia kite.
I roto i te whakarau, ka tino tata ki eserkami mauheretia Fanny. Āta, kua puta ke ona whakaaro i roto i te pāpori-manapori. Ko te rongo o te Oketopa Revolution, ua farii ia i te misioni, a arahina atu mahi o nga mua ki tona oto. I muri mai i roto i tona whakaaturanga i raro i tūhuratanga, ta Kaplan e ki te whakaaro patua Lenin rite te kaituku ki te Revolution tae mai ia hoki i roto i te Crimea.
Hoki i Moscow, tutaki ia ki nga SRS a aparau i ki a ratou te taea o te nganatanga kōhurutanga.
ngana ke
Ko te ra nō Akuhata 30, 1918 i roto i te St Petersburg patua e M. Uritsky i - tiamana o te Cheka. i mōhio Lenin e pā ana ki reira i tetahi o te tuatahi, ka tohe ia ki te whakarere i te mahi i whakamaheretia i te tipu Michelson. Otiia tukunoa'i ia tenei whakatūpato, ka haere ki te mahi ki te kupu, kahore tetahi tiaki.
I muri i te otinga o tona korero, ko Lenin haere ki te motokā, ka ohorere i roto o te mano i rongo toru pupuhi. Ki te timatanga o te hepohepo i puritia Kaplan, rite te tangata i te mano karanga atu e i pupuhi ia.
Kaha whakapae ko te meka e i roto i te tua ki te mōhio i te nuinga he kore Fanny he kaiwhakaatu kotahi nei e kua kite i pupuhi ia. I te wa o te mau herehere o patu, no te hoki kihai i reira. kawea anake 5 ra te pū ki te Cheka tetahi o nga kaimahi o te tipu, e whakapae kitea ia i roto i te iari. Matā i te tinana o Lenin i nekehia atu tonu, engari i muri i te tau torutoru. Ko reira ka whakakitea e kore rawa ko te taua rite te momo o te pū i tangohia rite taunakitanga te ërä. Ko te kaiwhakaatu matua i roto i te take, te kaiarataki o Ilyich, te tuatahi mea e kite ia pere ringa o te wahine, engari tona whakaatu i roto i te tūhuratanga ke ia e pā ana ki 5 wa. Caplan ia whakaae e pupuhi i pā ana ki 20:00, engari te niupepa "Pravda" whakaputaina te kōrero i mahia te whakamātau i runga i te rangatira i i 21:00. ka mea te atekōkiri e puta te whawhai i āhua 23:00.
Enei me ētahi atu hapa meinga maha i tenei ra whakaaro e reira tino ko te huaki rongonui i tū e te mua. Summer 1918 i āhuatanga e te raruraru tohua a ngaro te kāwanatanga tona mana wiriwiri. hanga te whakamātau taua i runga i te rangatira kua reira taea ki te maunu i te kingitanga o te wehi ki te pāpori-mua, tīmata ki te Pakanga Civil.
Kaplan mahi ana rawa hohoro, i koperea reira i runga i Mahuru 3, a noho Lenin te oaoa noa 1924.
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