Russian Space Art. whakaaro Russian cosmism

Ko te heke mai o te tangata ... tenei kaupapa kua tonu kua whai whakaaro mai ki nui moni i roto i rua i te rawhiti, me te iho taumauri Pākehā. Otiia i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 20, kua neke tino te aronga: kihai i te iwi moemoea e pā ana ki te heke mai ataahua, engari ano ki te titiro mo te ara pai ki te whakatutuki i te reira. A haere i te ara ka puta ia pātai tūturu: "He mea taea te heke mai i roto i te parau tumu" maha o patu karihi i roto i te ao, me te taea o te kino taiao e kore e tukua ki te homai ki a matou te hoê pahonoraa papû. riro rahi hāngaitanga māramatanga o te mau fifi i roto i te whanaunga i waenganui i te tangata me te āhua, me te whanaunga i waenganui i te iwi. Nā ki te kōrero o enei raruraru, i reira e rave rahi iho. Space Art i roto i te kaupapa Russian ko tetahi o ratou. I reira a aparau i tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga.

whakamāramatanga

puta te ingoa "Russian Space Art" i roto i te 60raa, ka iwi tere kake e pā ana ki te hōpara ātea me tono ki te wareware tata kainga tupu o K. E. Tsiolkovskogo. Na ka awhi ratou he whānui o te ahurea Russian whānui i roto i te mutunga o te 19 - wawe rautau 20. ko ona māngai tino kōhure i roto i te rotarota - Bruce, Tiutchev; i roto i te waiata - Scriabin; peita - Nesterov. He aronga taumauri i hanga i huri noa nga whakaaro o K. E. Tsiolkovskogo (tautoko e taua pūtaiao ārahi rite V. I. Vernadsky ko A. L. Chizhevsky) me mahi N. F. Fodorova.

feruri hohonu cosmists Tuatahi philosopho te opuaraa no te whanaketanga atu o te taata nei. O te akoranga, e tika ana ki te ara o te ora, me te whakaaro kāhua o te kaituhi, he rawa rerekē ratou mahi. Ko, ahakoa tenei, ka taea e kitea e ratou he rota o whakaaro noa e kīnaki me te whakawhanake tahi i te tahi, me te hanga i te au hou katoa i roto i te rapunga whakaaro Russian.

Ko te whakaaro matua

tuatahi tāia Cosmism Russian te whakaaro o te whakakotahitanga o nga iwi katoa, i runga i ngā take tōrangapū, me te wä e kore anake, engari i runga i morare, me te taiao. Ko te kupu, i hanga te āhuatanga tino nui te aronga taumauri - pūhui mua hotokore pērā raruraru rite te whakatūnga o te ongo fakatokoua ao, te whanaketanga wāhi me te tiaki o te taiao.

Directions cosmism Russian

He maha ngā, engari nga ngā matua e rima anake. Etahi o ratou i kua matou whakahuatia i runga ake. Ko wai e whakamōhio koe ki te rārangi tonu:

• Natural-pūtaiao (Tsiolkovsky, Vernadsky, Chizhevsky).
• Religious-taumauri (Fedorov).
• Toi, me te whiti (Morozov Sukhovo-Marelin, Bruce, Odoyevski, Tjutchev).
• Korero hohonu (Roerich).
• Noosphere (tataramoa, Akimov, Dmitriev).

Kei raro kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te māngai o te ahunga tuatahi e rua.

cosmism tupuna

Cosmism kaiwhakaū me te māngai nui ko Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov. e kore ia ako kaupapa ngaio. Fedorov o te imiraa i te whakaako ora tuatahi, a ka mahi i roto i te whare pukapuka. rawa torutoru o ana mahi i whakaputaina i roto i tona ora Nikolai Fedorovich. Otiia i kaha ki te faahiahia ana whakaaro nui o enei pukapuka ki maha philosopho me ngā kaituhi. Rawa ka haere mai arotake pai i A. M. Gorkogo, F. M. Dostoevskogo me L. N. Tolstogo.

Kua maha whakaaro whakatakoto cosmism Russian Fedorov i tona mahi "te Philosophy o te take noa." whakapono ia e te take o te arepurepu i roto i te hononga o te tangata me te āhua e takoto i roto i te whakama o te ora whakamutunga. Na te āhua o ana mahi kohatu rite te kaha kaikiri. tenei mana anake e taea tara i te tikanga o te take tangata. whakapono te philosopho e "whai iwi ki te hanga i roto i te ao o te au maite, a hoatu mea i roto i te tikanga ki reira." Ki tenei kukuwhatanga o te natura puta i noa ki aau te mana.

ture whānui

kaupapa Russian, Russian Space Art e kua hohore kua waho nga whakaaro o Fyodorov i te whakatinanatanga o te ture whānui. He mea tika ki te whakawhiti i te āputa i waenganui i te taiao me te tangata. I te ture psychophysiological taua fakahu'unga mana o to tatou kaha roto. Ka whakakitea te waho i to tatou paraneta ki te ao, me te ngā maha ngā kaupae:

1. ture meteoric (ahanoa - te whenua).
2. astroregulyatsiya Planetary (ahanoa - te pūnaha solar).
3. Space (ahanoa - te ao).

Ki te wahi o enei wāhanga o te tangata, ka whakakotahi ao whetu ngā katoa. Ratau, Kua puta ake te Russian Art Space rite te au taumauri mea ïa no te mea o tenei whakaaro. Na e taea humarie te huaina Nikolai Fedorovich he poto.

Ahakoa te utopianism o Fedorov maha ariā, Art Space nāianei (Russian) parau tokomaha o nga whakaaro o tona tukufakaholo: projectivity mohio me te synthetism, ture o te ora tūmatanui me ngā tukanga māori, te hononga tata o te morare, me te matauranga, te haereraa o te ora te tangata, a na reira i runga i ..

Wha ngaahi tefito'i mo'oni Tsiolkovsky

Nui mana i runga i te Space Art i roto i kaupapa Russian kua Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Kei te mohiotia e ia kia rite ki te whakaaro taketake, te kaituhi pakimaero pūtaiao, me te kaikauwhau o Astronautics me akiakinga tākirirangi.

whakapono Tsiolkovsky e taea te faataa i to tatou ao anake ki te mata rangi o tirohanga. heke mai o te ao, - ko te hōpara ātea iwi. Me arotahi katoa o to tatou mahi i runga i te whakapai ake i te pāhekoheko i waenganui i te wāhi me te tangata. Takunga o kaiao maramarama i fakafalala i roto i ngā o ratou wāhi noho - tetahi o nga mahi matua o te kukuwhatanga. whakaaro Tsiolkovsky e taea te hōpara ātea kawea tahi iwi i roto i te āhua wāhi.

He he maha o te mau parau tumu taumauri e pou here Tsiolkovsky. Russian Space Art tonu parau ratou. Enei e wha parau tumu. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou a ratou i roto i te raupapa o te faufaa:

• Panpsihizm (tūtohutanga āhukahuka o te ao).
• Monism (Mahu'inga ko tetahi, a ka he te taua ona āhuatanga).
• Ko te parau tumu o te mutu- (te mana o te whakaaro rangi me te ao e kore e mutu).
• Ko te parau tumu o te whaiaro whakahaere-(te ao iho hanga ona ake hanganga).

noosphere o Vernadsky

Kua maha whakaaro whakatakoto cosmism Russian Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky. Ko ia e kore e noa te taiao tino, engari ano hoki he whakaaro nui, me te kaiwhakaū o te ariā o te ao koiora me tona whakawhitinga ki te noosphere.

VI Vernadsky, me ētahi atu māngai o taua wāhi rite Russian Space Art, whakapono e na roto i te tangata pūtaiao e taea te pehi i te ao, me te riro haepapa mo ona ake iku'anga. Ka taea te faataa i tēnei i te meka e "ka waiho mahi pūtaiao he faaiteraa o te arowhenua mahi o te tangata, a ka hanga ai he āhua motuhake o te ao koiora a te faaineine ia ki whakawhiti ki te noosphere." mohio whakaaro whakamutunga pehea ki te whakawhānui i te hōkai o te mahi a te tangata whaitake e hāngai ana te pupuri i te ora i runga i te ao hei wāhanga o te ao koiora, a ka i roto i te wāhi solar me rite ki te hua kua tua atu. E ai ki a Vernadsky, kua rite te kunenga rawa te tomokanga o te tangata i roto i te tau o te noosphere. He huru matua mō tenei whakawhitinga - te uniana o te taiao auaha ki te whakarei i te whānui pai-oranga o te iwi.

mahi Solar Chizhevskogo

kaupapa Russian, riro Russian Space Art he whakanui nui i roto i te whanaketanga i roto i te mahi o Aleksandra Leonidovicha Chizhevskogo, i roto i nei ratou korero e pā ana ki te mana o te mahi kōmaru i runga i te hītori o te taata.

Scientists whakapono e puta nga tutū hou i roto i te wā o te mahi nui o te ra. toutou tēnei āhuatanga te i wā o 11 tau. I roto i te tahuri, ngā te-huringa tahi o wā e wha:

• excitability Mōkito (3 tau).
• excitability Teitei (2 tau).
• Ko te ara mōrahi o te excitability (3 tau).
• Tukupu te excitability (3 tau).

ariā Chizhevskogo e pā ana ki te pānga o te vero solar i runga i te whanonga o etahi iwi, me ari pāpori, me te inaianei i te tohatoha rawa whanui.

mutunga

Na, kua whakaaro matou te Space Russian Art rite te au taumauri. Me kï reira ka mau e te tangata rau o nga tau ki te riro i te ahua whaitake, me ki te mōhio kaha o to ratou ake varua. Haere i te ao atamira ngā, whakatuwheratia nunaa tangata momo hou o te matauranga, te hanga ahumahi hou me ngā tirohanga taumauri o te pūtaiao.

I te wā nei, i roto i te tirohanga o te wheako mua, kua hanga e te tangata mo ake he hanganga mārama, me te ki te tautuhi i te kaupapa matua tino whai hua. Ko, pera i mua, tatou kua kore riro mai e tali ki ngā pātai e pā ana ki te tikanga o te ora, me te pikitia o te ao i runga i te ao. A no te mea ka whai tonu te iwi i te haafifi i ki whakaata, katahi reira ka kia tonu mea ngaro, otgadki i i kore te tīariari.