Shagal Mark: peita ki taitara. Mark Shagal: auaha

I te 1887, Hūrae 7, i whanau i te toi i muri-ao te piha Shagal Mark, nei peita puta noa te rau tau 20, meinga porangi noa me te ahuareka manuhiri maha whakaaturanga, i faaite peita o te kaitoi Five and Seven rongonui.

Ko te timatanga o te ara auaha

tamarikitanga o Moishe, ko tuatahi ana matua, i tū i roto i te pa o Vitebsk. mahi tona papa rite te Loader i te mākete ika, i pupuri te whaea pae iti, ko koroua he Cantor i roto i te whare karakia o nga Hurai. I puta ia i te kura Hurai fakalotu tomo Mohi te hākinakina, ahakoa kihai i whakaaetia nga Hurai ki te haere kura Russian i roto i tsarist Russia. O te akoranga, ko reira uaua ki te ako i roto i te āhuatanga kōhikohiko. I muri ako hoki i te tau torutoru, mahue ia te kura, a meinga ana ia hei tūao i te "School o te tuhi me te toi peita Pan." E rua marama i muri mai, Mr. Peng, whakaekea taranata patu tangata taitamariki ia he mātauranga noa i te kura.

redrew artist Young ana teina katoa i roto i te tahuri, ka timata ki te peita whakaahua o nga tangata o Vitebsk. Ko te kupu, i roto i te ao toi puta ia kanapa kaipeita taketake Shagal Mark, nei peita ka hohoro te hoko i te pai ngā whare taonga i roto i te ao. Ingoakē, kaua he ingoa hou ranei, tēnei wā whakaaro ia ia. Moishe ko Maka, ko Chagall - he huringa i roto i Segal, i ingoa o te papa.

whakapaipai Northern

-Tau e rua tekau Mark faaoti kore ki te noho i roto i te wahi kotahi, a hohoro haere ki St. Petersburg, tumanako ki te tonu tona whakangungu reira peita. Te moni i, ano, i hanga ano e ia kaupapa here kāwanatanga Russian whakahāwea ki nga Hurai ua. Ora i roto i te pane a te raki i runga i te raina rawakore, ora i runga i mahi rerekē. Heoi, e kore a Chagall e ngoikore, ko ia hari ki te hei i roto i te wanawana i o te ora toi o St Petersburg. Āta, i hanga e ia he porohita o hoapā whai hua i roto i te hapori nui Hurai, a ka timata hoa hou ki te āwhina i toi taitamariki.

Shagal Mark, nei peita hohoro ka i titiro rite karere o te kāhua surrealist hou, tamata ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou individuality me kihai i whai i te kēnana whänui ana te whakaaetia o te peita. Na, ka rite ki whakaaturia te ora i muri mai, i whiriwhiria e ia i te ara tika. I roto i te tīmatanga o mahi kua ata te kaitoi, he whakaharahara tales patupaiarehe me whakapakoko te kupu whakarite. Katoa e te tuhituhia i roto i tenei wā Mark Shagal peita ki taitara: "Ko e Fāmilí Tapu", "mate", "Birth" - he tauira pirimia o kāhua rerekē. I roto i tenei kaupapa whakamutunga, te ahua o te tamaiti ki roto ki te ao, kitea i roto i nga mahi o Chagall e rave rahi taime, i roto i tikanga rerekē. Heoi, i roto i te wā katoa, he wahine i roto i te mahi tuhituhi i tauira pai, e te mea iho ki te uara o te tahi atu pūāhua, he huri noa i te peasants, koati, hoiho. Heoi, ko te āhuatanga o te toi e Marc Chagall tenei, i taea ki te whakarite i te kōrero mōkitokito ia kia kitea rawatia ake ratou ka anga ki te nuinga i te mano. ka ngenge whaea hou, me te kaiwhakawhanau ki te tamaiti i roto i tona ringa i roto i te tahi mau obyurazom hano te pokapū o te pikitia.

Taunga ki Lvom Bakstom

I roto i St. Petersburg, Shagal Mark, nei peita i ngā te whakanui ake whakarongo tūmatanui fakamāmaní, tonu e ia ana rangahau i roto i te kura tūmataiti o toi Seidenberg i te raveraa i te ohipa ohie i roto i te moheni Hurai "Sunrise" ki te whakarato i ō rātou ake kai. I muri mai, ka tutaki ia ki a Lvom Bakstom, Zvantseva kaiwhakaako o te kura, i te whakatangihanga a te arataki i roto i o te artist te whakarau. tae ano Chagall kauwhau kaipeita Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, i ngā ia rite te toa o te mea katoa hou i roto i te toi.

I roto i te puna o 1910 i te tuatahi o Marc Chagall - kua whai wāhi ana peita i te ra whakatuwheratanga, whakaritea nei hoki ētita "Apollo". Taimi nounou ki mu'a tenei hui te kaitoi tutaki te wahine o tona ora, Bella Rosenfeld. whawhati Love i waenganui o ratou tonu, a roa te wā hari hoki e rua ki te ra, ka ka faaipoipo iwi taitamariki, ka timata noho tahi. I roto i te 1916 i te tamahine nei i huaina Ida te tokorua.

Moving ki Paris

I roto i te raumati o 1910 te kawana Maxim Vinaver, philanthropist me te mea powhiriwhiri nui o toi pai, whakaekea Chagall he karahipi e hanga reira taea ki te ako i roto i Paris. Ko te whakapaipai o France tutaki Mark affably, ka e ia hoa ki te kaipeita Ehrenburg me ki ka mau tona āwhina he studio i Montparnasse. tuhituhi Chagall i te po, me te i roto i te ra e ngaro i roto i nga ara, salons me whakaaturanga, te ngongo katoa hono e te ki te toi nui o peita.

Kua riro rangatira o te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20 he tauira mo te toi taitamariki. Great Cézanne, Van Gogh, Pol Gogen, Delacroix - ia o ratou tākare tamata Chagall ki te ako tahi mea hoki ratou. Tona kaitohutohu i roto i St. Petersburg, Lev Bakst, kotahi te mātakitaki i te pikitia Parisian o tona tauira, ka mea He pakari e "i teie nei himene nga tae katoa." Paintings e Marc Chagall, e te aroaro he whakaahua o nei i runga i te whārangi, tou tautoko kaiako tino.

whakarurutanga auaha

oho hohoro Chagall i "Te Hive", he ahua o te arttsentr Parisian, i meinga hei wahapu ano ia mo toi toro rawakore. Here, tutaki Mark ki kaitito, kaituhi, toi, me te tahi atu bohemians o te whakapaipai French. aua mahi katoa i tuhituhia ana e ia i roto i te "Hive" Mark Shagal (peita ki taitara: "Fiddler," "Angaanga", "pûpûraa ki toku wahine marena hou", "Tirohia a Paris i te matapihi"), riro ana "kāri karanga". Heoi, ahakoa te whakawhenumi tonu ki te taiao Parisian toi, te toi e kore e wareware e pā ana ki tona Vitebsk taketake, me peita: "kararehe hokona", "ahau me te Village", "ngarahu".

wawe Works

Ko tētahi o nga peita tino fakangalongata'a ko "matapihi. Vitebsk", tuhituhia i roto i te kāhua o "toi kuware" "Primitivism" ranei, i aru i te wā wawe o tona mahi Mark Shagal. "Matapihi. Vitebsk" i hanga i roto i te 1908, i te timata noa te artist ki te ako i te whakaaro nui o "kāhua tahito".

I roto i te tau i te torutoru noa pau i roto i Paris, i tuhituhi Mark Shagal e pā ana ki toru tekau peita me te neke atu i te 150 peita. te mahi katoa peia ia ki Berlin mo te whakaaturanga toi i roto i 1914, i riro i tana mahi painga matua i roto i te ao toi. whakaahuareka te whakarongo i te taha o nga peita o Chagall. artist Berlin i haere ki te haere ki tona Vitebsk taketake ki te kite Bella, engari haukotia te tīmatanga ohorere o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao.

Ko te whiu atu o te kaitoi

Mark Zaharovich Shagal, nei peita kua matau whānui, i tukua i te tauira hōia. Ua tauturu hoa whiwhi i te wahi i roto i te tari hōia-ahumahi o St Petersburg, a mo etahi wa whakaratohia te toi i ki whare me mahi. peita Chagall i roto i teie mau tau aueue i ngā mahi-Kikī me kiko. "War", "Matapihi ki te whenua", "hakari whare wharau", "Hurai Whero" - he torutoru noa o te peita, i hanga nei i roto i te whawhai. I hanga artist raupapa wehe lyrical o peita, "Walk", "Pink Lovers", "Birthday", "Bella kara ma". Ēnei peita tohu anake te wahi iti o te raupapa whānui o ana mahi o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao.

"Haere"

Ko tētahi o nga mahi tino rongonui o te kaitoi, hanga ia i roto i 1918. whakaaro Post-pāhoro, whakapono i roto i te heke mai kanapa, te romance o te aroha taitama - kitea tenei katoa kei runga i te koaka. kore i te mauruuru ore i roto i te uara pāpori hou o te Kaunihera o te whenua ano tae, ahakoa ko reira tika a tawhio te kokonga. Otiia, ko tetahi o nga kau muimui pono tino o te mana'o hou o taua wa te toi Mark Shagal. "Haere" - he anaanatae, ki tonu i o kanapa tumanako te pikitia, kahore e nga pūāhua whakaaro e pā ana ki te kino. Ko te wahine e whakaaturia ana i runga i te koaka, tere i runga mooni, tangata taitamariki, rawa, he rite ki te tiki atu i te whenua.

mahi a Chagall o 1917-1918

faauruhia artist nga ngā hou i roto i mua. Ia, rite tokomaha i roto i te pane a te raki o te intelligentsia, ua he hau hou o te huringa me te whakapono i roto i to ratou Infallibility. Petersburg kaitoi, kaituhi, kaitito ka mau ki te whakatairanga i te ara hou o te ora, a tetahi o te tuatahi i roto i nga rarangi o inapō i karanga hoki te ōritetanga o nga iwi katoa, ko Mark Shagal. Paintings "Runga ake te City," "War o te whare - te whare ao" me maha atu peita o tenei wā whakaata te hiahia o te artist ki te waihanga.

Bella me te hainga o puawai

He wahi motuhake i roto i te toi e te peita whakatapua ki tana wahine e aroha, e kotahi kawea ia he hainga o puawai ki te manaaki i runga i tona ra whanautanga. Te kore ngaro i te tuarua, tino rerenga ia ki te papa peita. Pa ki te matua, tamata te artist ki te hopu i te taime ataahua i runga i te koaka. ko katoa Mark Shagal tenei. "Birthday" - he pikitia hanga i roto i te mea o meneti i roto i te puka o te huahua, a ka whakarerekē. ka ia tetahi o te pai i roto i te kohinga o te toi. Ka rite ki kī ia, mai te faaururaa mo te meneti torutoru, he mea nui e kore e ki te mahue.

tūranga haepapa

taonga i roto i te 1918, Mark Zaharovich Shagal, nei peita kua whakaaro o Vitebsk kawanatanga, kua mana te reira mo nga Toi o te komiti whakahaere ā-rohe. whakaaturia te artist pūkenga whakahaere tino, whakapaipai ia Vitebsk i te ra o te tau o te Oketopa Revolution, he momo o kara, haki me kara. "Art ki te tini!" - ko taua tona peha.

I roto i te 1920, oho Mark Shagal ki Moscow tahi ki Bella me iti Ida, te wahi i timata ai ia te mahi i roto i te mara o te whare tapere hapori. I roto i te akoranga noa o te mahi ki te waihanga i whakapaipai arotake i ona tikanga auaha mō mahi Chagall i te pakiaka, e ngana ana ki te tiki ofi ange ki "orurehau" kāhua hou o te peita. hanga mana Party e rave rahi whakamātau ki te kawe i te toi ki tona taha, engari rite Chagall i mohio kua rite te ariki-ao te piha haapiiraa o te paraihe, ko tutuki enei nganatanga.

pato'iraa

Renarena i waenganui i artist haere noa-aroha me te ārahitanga hapori, hohoro tahuri ki tuwhera aroraa, a mahue Mark Shagal Sovietí te whenua ki tona utuafare.

ka Berlin te pa Pākehā tuatahi, i noho Marc, Bella ko Ida. Artist whakamātau ki te tiki moni mo te whakaaturanga i roto i te 1914 ka haere ki tetahi mea, ngaro te nuinga o nga kowaiwai. hoki Chagall toru anake peita engari he tatini peita.

I roto i te raumati o 1923, riro Mark he reta i Paris ki tona hoa tawhito, e ani manihini ia ki te haere mai ki te whakapaipai French. kei te haere mai Chagall, a kei te tatari i te reira mo tetahi oto reira - te pikitia e kotahi mahue ia i roto i te "Hive" ngaro ano. Heoi, e kore e te artist ngaro ngakau, tīmata ia ki te anō-tuhituhi ratou masterpieces. I tua atu, e tango Mark Shagal he tuku i te poro nui mō te whakaatu pukapuka. tīmata ia ki te pūrākau "varua Dead" e Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya me maitai pakari ki te mahi.

haerenga Family

i whai kaha Income Chagall, ko ia ko tona hapu tīmata ki te haere ki whenua Pākehā. A i roto i waenganui i ngā haerenga i tuhituhi te toi ana peita tahuti ore, e e hoko mama me mama, "Portrait Double", "Ida i te matapihi," "Life ko te kainga." I tua atu ki peita, whai wāhi Chagall i whakaatu i te whakaputanga "La Fontaine o Fables."

I roto i te 1931, Mark Shagal tae mai Palestine, e hiahia ana ia ki te ite i te whenua o ratou tupuna. He marama torutoru, i i te kaitoi i roto i te Whenua Tapu, i takoha ki te huri i tana huru ki te ora. Bella me te tamahine a Ida, ko wai i tata, te titiro atu tenei. Hoki i Paris, he āwangawanga anake ki whakaahua Bibilia Chagall.

Moving ki Amerika

I roto i te mutunga o nga thirties, rere nga kau Nasí Tiamana, heke te utuafare o Chagall ki te United States. A kotahi ano - mahi ki pae tapere, tenei wa i roto i te ori Russian. Igor Stravinsky ka kapea e te mahi o Chagall, a etehi Picasso huahua, kākahu atamira engari kua riro te Kaituhitanga o Mark.

Ko te pakanga i roto i Europe he i roto i te tārere tonu, ahakoa he reira mārama e te Tuatoru Reich patua i. I roto i te raumati o 1944 mai te rongo pai - Hitler i te mimiha o tukunga. I te mutunga o August, Marc Chagall hopu kino, te hōhipera rawatia ake mate o sepsis Bella. ngaro te artist te tikanga o te ora i te tangi, engari tautoko reira me tauturu te ora tamahine Ida. e iwa anake marama i muri mai e Chagall i te ringa. Na e kitea e ia whakaoranga i roto i te ra peita mahi me te po. Ua tauturu ponana auaha o te kaitoi ia ora te mate o te koinga.