Stanisław lem me tona pūrākau "Solaris"

tohua 1961 th i kore anake te rere tangata tuatahi ki te wāhi, engari ano hoki i te meka e te pūrākau "Solaris" i whakaputaina tuatahi i roto i te tau. Ko te kaituhi o tenei hua fantastic ko te kaituhi Polish o te take mai Hurai Stanisław lem. "Solaris" i faataahia ki riro kore anake te rongonui tino o nga mahi o te kaituhituhi, engari ano waiho he tohu e ngaropoina ana i roto i te tuhinga whakaharahara o te ao.

Stanisław lem - te kaituhi o te pūrākau "Solaris"

Stanisław lem, ranei rite karanga ratou i te reira i roto i te kāinga Stanisław lem, i whanau i roto i te pa Iukereiniana o Lviv, e i taua wa no ki Poland. haere Childhood o te kaituhi heke mai i reira. I muri i te kura nui, i whiriwhiri te taitamariki Stanisław tikanga hauora, ka haere i runga i ki ako rongoa i te University o Lviv. Heoi, ki te pakarutanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i takoha lem ki te waiho kura, me te whiwhi i te mahi rite te welder.

Ko te kaituhi ko ana matua i Hurai. Heoi, i taea ki te karo whakahekenga me te whare herehere i roto i kemi no o tuhinga titoa e ratou.

I muri i te whawhai, ka Lviv wahi o te USSR, ko lem, he Pou, i takoha ki te waiho tona kainga, me te neke ki Krakow. Here tonu ia ona rangahau i te University Jagiellonian.

Ko te taimaha moni wā pou-pakanga i Stanisław lem i iti. Hei imi i te moni anō i roto i to ratou wa e manawapa, mahi e pā ana, ka anga ia ki te tuhituhi kōrero pakiwaitara poto. I maoro i mauruuru lem taranata, kua riro te wahi atu tona mahi matua.

I roto i te 1951, whakaputa te kaituhi tona mahi tuatahi nui - fiction pūrākau "astronauts". hanga ana tēnei mahi lem mohiotia i roto i Poland kore anake, engari puta noa i te ao. Kei te whakamaoritia "kaipōkai" ki ētahi atu reo, me te maha nene'i.

I roto i nga tau o muri mai, mahue reira he rota o te kaituhituhi. Pukapuka "Magellanic Kapua", "tūhuratanga", "Erene", "Hoki mai i te Stars", "Memoirs kitea i roto i te tāpu", "Invincible," "Ko te reo o te Ariki", "Qatar" me etahi atu. Ko te huringa o ngā kōrero pārekareka e pā ana ki "nga Diaries Star," te mōrearea o te kaipōkai, he kohinga o tuhinga, "Kōrero", he kōrero arearea "te whakaekenga i Aldebaran." Rangatū "Tales lōpoti" kōrero, "te Cyberiad," "Tales o Pirx te Pilot", "noa iho tino" me te nui noa atu. I roto i nga mahi o te kaituhi hei pūrākau ā-e pā ana ki tamarikitanga i roto i Lviv "Castle Runga" me te rongonui tino i roto i te ao taumauri pakiwaitara pūrākau "Solaris".

ka mate Kaituhi i Maehe 2006, i raruraru ngakau, a tanumia i roto i Krakow.

Whakarāpopototanga o te pūrākau "Solaris"

I roto i te heke mai tata, Kei te kaha whakawhanake tangata wāhi. Neke atu i te kotahi rau me te toru tekau nga tau i mua i te ao kōrero kua Solaris kua kitea e te pūtaiao. I te tuatahi, whakaaro iwi e ko te reira e nohoia. Maoro, Heoi, ako tangata e kiseleobrazny moana, te uhi i te mata katoa o te ao - he mea ora. koa te iwi, a ka anga ki te titiro mo te ara ki te kia whakapā ki tenei whakaaro. Ko te rau tau whakamutunga, ka ki kia taua mea i taka pera me.

I te teihana rangahau i runga i Solaris mai i te kaimahi hou - he kaimātai hinengaro Chris Kelvin. Whanonga o te tahi atu kaimahi teihana - Snauta me tūturi - te mea te reira rawa ke. Ano, te toru o nga rangatira Gibaryan ingoa i mua tata i te taenga o Chris tukua whakamomori.

kihai i Kelvin whai wā ki te ngaungau i te korero katoa, e kore te mea matau ki te wahi puta tona ex-kaumeá Hari. Heoi, e kore i taea e tenei e te reira, rite i ia kotahi mahi hoki i te whakamomori. whakamātau katoa ki te pehea e o Chris Hari kāore - hoki ano a ano ia. I maoro ite kaimātai hinengaro e te melo tata'itahi waka he rite i anihia "te āheinga" o te mua. Huri i te reira ki te wa, ina ako te iwi Solaris, te ao, rawa, tīmata ki te whakahaere i "ngā" i runga i o ratou kairangahau. Ki te mahi i tenei, materializes reira nga taonga o haamana'oraa kawa, me te whakama o te iwi noho i runga i te ao.

Kei te mātātoa te titiro Calvin me tona hoa tūroro mō te ara ki te pehea o ratou "manuhiri", ka karanga phantoms. Heoi, e kore ratou i mahi. Na, haamata Chris ki te riro piri ki Hari, e hoko nei atu tangata, me te hohoro Matapae ia e pā ana ki o ratou takenga. Te ite e te mea ia, tamata ia ki te whakamate ia, engari kihai i haere mai ia ki waho.

Kelvin hohoro mutu ki te titiro mo te ara ki te pehea e o Hari. Ko ana hoa ki te kotiro tonu puku rangahau. whakahaere ratou ki te whakatutuki angitu me te ki te whakangaro i te kēhua katoa i te teihana, tae atu Hari.

Ko te tino pouri Chris no o tenei mate. wehi ana hoa e e mahi ia te tahi mea e hikaka te - whakatangi ake te ao ranei te mahia e whakamomori. Otiia tino ö te raruraru, whakatau Kelvin ki noho i runga i Solaris me rangahau anō.

History o te tuhi i te pūrākau

Ko te pūrākau "Solaris" kihai i mahi nui te tuatahi o te pakimaero lem. Heoi, ka timata te reira ki te neke atu i te kaituhi o whakapakoko utopian o te heke mai, angamaheni o tona karetao mua.

Ko te wahi matua o "Solaris" i tuhituhia i roto i te raumati o 1959, ka Stanisław lem vacationing i te tonga o Poland. Otira ka hoki ia whare, maka te kaituhi te tuhinga oti hoki tata te tau. I roto i te 1960, whakatau lem ki whakaoti tonu te pūrākau "Solaris". Ki tenei mutunga, mutunga ia te pene whakamutunga, me te whakatika kuputuhi tuhituhia i mua. I roto i te 1961, whakaputaina he pūrākau i roto i Poland, a i roto i nga tau i muri mai e timata i te reira ki te iriti i ki ētahi atu reo.

Ka rite ki muri i tuhituhi i roto i tona pukapuka ā-ia lem, ko te rota o nga mea i roto i tona pūrākau "Solaris" tatararaa ki a ia. I te mahi i runga i te pūrākau, te kaituhi ētahi wā whakaaro reira e parau te tahi atu taata ia te pehea me aha ki te tuhituhi.

putanga mata

I te 1963 ka whakawhitia e ia ki te reo Russian "Solaris". I pera pai ki kaipānui Soviet e tau e rima anake i muri i te whakaputanga o tona tumu i kiriata te whakaatu TV ki Vasiliem Lanovym pakipūmeka te pūrākau.

I roto i te 1972, ka mau a Andrei Tarkovsky kiriata tonu i runga i te pūrākau e lem ki Donatas Banionis rite Kelvin. Na, Kei te tino tōraro ähua te kaituhi o te pukapuka ki te ö o "Solaris" Tarkovsky, mea e kore i matau i te kaiwhakahaere nui tona mahere.

I te timatanga o te mano e rua tapaea Stanisław lem ki te kiriata tona pūrākau i roto i Hollywood. I muri i te kore o Tarkovsky kaituhi whakaroa, engari whakaae. A i roto i te tau 2002 i runga i te mata i roto i te toru o nga urutaunga o te pūrākau "Solaris". Kia aroha mai, ka tahuri te reira i roto i ki te kia ara tawhiti atu i te pikitia nekehanga taketake, nui atu i 1972.

I roto i te 2016 tohu 55 tau mai i te whakaputanga o te pukapuka Stanislava Lema, "Solaris". Ko te pūrākau i runga i te tau kua kore ngaro tona hāngaitanga me te haere tonu ki te whakaongaonga i te hinengaro o ake me te ake whakatupuranga hou o ngā kaipānui.