T-72: āhuatanga me ngā whakaahua. T-72 "Ural" - matua tank whawhai USSR

i mua i Ahakoa te hanga rangatū o T-62 tāke, i whakaarohia ana te tino kaihoahoa L. N. Kartsevym Ural hariata whakato ki te whakapai ake i te tauira mā te whakanoho i te reira i te pūkaha hou, atu kaha, me te ake mua-titiro huriaro. puta te reira rite T-72 tank. kite āhuatanga waka reira rite te waka nui Armoured.

He hītori iti

I roto i te raumati o 1961 i hanga nga kape tuatahi e rua o nga waka tuki, a ka whakamatauria ratou i roto i te aratau tere - tuatahi te tipu, ka i te pae. taa ê ahanoa whakahou, engari i roto i te te noa'tu o ona painga katoa, e kore i te tipu whiwhi whakaaetanga mōhiohio mō te hanga o te tank hou. Tau i muri i te tau, i roto i te tauira kua hanga etahi huringa:

1. Tuatahi i whakaaro ai te waka o te T-72 tank, i ngā o e toru - rangatira, hōia pū, me te taraiwa.
2. rite rawa te tank i ki te parahi SRI autoloaders pū, me te tiaki patu kaupapa e hāngai ana.
3. tauira huriaro whakaritea taimaha kaua e nui ake 40 taranata.

Otiia kihai i i tangohia enei huringa, i mahue e rua anake gearboxes taha.

tahora Āhuatanga tank

T-72 - tank, āhuatanga hanga puāwaitanga, ka kei te kaha wehenga kei i te kei. arotahi Whakahaere e i roto i te wahi mua o te waka, i konei e kei te tank wahie, he tank-whatanga pūrere mana paraharaha o te atekōkiri, taputapu hiko.

mana Manga ngā nohoanga aunoa, e whakahaere te tank T-72. Runga ake te nohoanga o te taraiwa i reira ko te pao. tāuta te pereti toku patu te pūrere e taea ki te aroturuki i te āhuatanga. noho te atekōkiri i peia e te hoahoa ebara o te nohoanga i roto i te raro o te tank.

wehenga whawhai

Te wehenga kaumoana i roto i te tank i mahue i roto i te waenganui o te takere me te pourewa, wehea nei i te mōkihi mana i roto i te arai motuhake. Well hoahoa whakaaro-i roto i taea ngāwari kaupapa o te mau melo tāngata i tari ki tari. Whakamarietia me noho hāneanea - te rerekētanga matua, e taea whakamanamana o T-72 tank. Ko faahiahia hoki huru o ia rite te oko whawhai:

1. rite rawa te tank i te te smoothbore pū pourewa 125 mm, te tohutohutia mīhini me te mana ahi whakatangi.
2. Matau i rite rawa te pū e ki noho o te rangatira me te hōia pū ki te maui.
3. I runga i te pū i te taha ki matau i reira ko te pū mīhini PKT, a runga ake kei reira i runga i spacers turanga putorino-rangefinder titiro.
4. rangatira wähi mahi taputapu ātaahua: ngā reira o te mīhini pū puru hiko, tank arata'iraa poutū, reo irirangi, he taputapu motuhake, i roto i nei hono te waho te turanga taunga, te puku hurirere o te rangatira o te pourewa.
5. hipoki rangatira o te pourewa e ki te pae torsion cover pereti.
6. rite rawa cupola o Commander te ki e rua ngā pūrere kitea TNP-160 me te whakahau i te pūrere TKN-3.

Kei te hoki rawa te wehenga whawhai ki nga mea me huarahi e whakarite noho pai o te whakamahi o te tank.

mōkihi mana

Ko te wahi aft he ope wehenga. Kei Engine tank T-72 i runga i te taha tauranga, a i waenganui ia ratou ko te arai mo te nekeneke meangiti pūnaha, te tātari hinu, te piha ngaru tank. I te taha ki matau eke rangi para. Ko te whare kua he kai pepa, kei ai te te pūnaha meangiti. Kei te hoki rawa te reira ki atu kaha wehenga me te tank hinu matua, e whai wāhi ki te hinu pūkaha. katia tari Power taupoki. Consumption Fuel tank T-72 100 km e whai ake:

• ka peia i runga i te whenua - L 260-450;
• i runga i ngā rori whariki - 240 l.

Āhuatanga tinana

Ko tētahi o nga waka tauā Soviet tino rongonui - T-72 tank. e kia āhuatanga o taua mea rite te pakanga kāore ki te kore ki te whakaahua i te ngā āhuatanga o te tinana. Ko te whare o tenei tauira - te reira i te take uaua, e o mau papaa parau patu paiherea. Tenei e whakaritea te wahi ihu, kai taha, raro, taiepa, me te ventilation o te pūkaha me te tuanui o te mōkihi mana.

whārangi frontal - he hiato arai multilayer o parahi, me kaka kōata, te matotoru o e whakarato ana i te paninga ātete kākahu. E whakakaha ana te taha o te tinana i te pereti patu poutū, i roto i te wahi o waenganui e kō e takai tiaki. Ratou whakaaro - ki te whakapiki ake i te rōrahi ā-o te marae, me te tāuta i runga i to ratou pourewa. Ko te paenga katoa o nga taha e taiapa ka paiherea, e kua eke i runga i te wira urungi.

T-72 - he tank Soviet rongonui e faauruhia faatura huri noa te ao. Whangaia tona whare, ko te patu pereti kei. Ka rite ki te tiaki eke tahi rehea. Ko te volute rite rawa ki te mua, me te taha mau api te tango. Ko te whare kua he tahi te meangiti, me te whakaaro matua o pātaki - whakahaere i te rere o te hau. Ko te taha o te tank i kō atu ki te pito he matotoru 3 mm o ka hanga o te konumohe koranu. Hei whakaora i te āhua o te tank i te pei i runga i nga whenua uaua, ka taea nga mata kia whakanohoia i roto i te tūranga whakatakotoria - te uta-mua ia ratou ki nga taha o te paki puehu. A, no te he T-72 te whawhai, e taea te tohatoha pukupuku puehu mua i te koki o 60 nekehanga.

Nahea te pourewa?

Whakamahia ki te waihanga i te reira i te maitai makanga patu āhua, kua paiherea reira ki te tihi o te tuanui, me te matenga e tiaki te rangefinder turanga putorino-titiro. Pourewa rerekē hanganga nukurau, ai rerekē te matotoru taiepa. rite rawa te wahi mua te ki te wini porohita i reira tāuta te pū e, te mata taha - paparinga pewa, e he nui hoki te tono o te anga.

Matau o te pū whakarato mo te embrasures i he pū mīhini tafenga. Kua mahue te taiapa pū, eke ai te te pūwhakamārama aroaro po i roto i te huinga ki te ngongo, i roto i nei whangai te ki te pū actuator hiko. Ko te hawhe maui o te pao tuanui kua he turanga, i reira kei te hōia pū te. Tower tītaka tikanga waipēhi me te ā-. tenei katoa titore te T-72 tank, e taea āhuatanga ki te utu i te mutunga e pā ana ki te mau huru whawhai o nga waka Armoured.

rākau tank

pourewa rawa ki te pū smoothbore D-81TM, kua takirua reira ki tetahi atu pū, a kua ähuareka ratou i roto i rua rererangi arata'iraa. Oko o te pu - he ngongo hono e te ki te ringaringa casing, te huarahi kōaro me te Makere. Ia, i roto i te tahuri, ngā o ono nozzles. pū marumaru rerekē aratau āhua-aunoa o te mahi. Pupuhi whānui o te tank T-72 ko e whai ake:

• ka pupuhi projectiles patu-tere, a me te tawhiti tāpiripiri ko 4000 m;
• ka whakamahi i anga nui-taikaha ona uara tae 5000 m;
• ka pihinga i te po, ko te reira rite ki te 800 m;
• ina e pupuhi anga ki te taumata lateral te whakamahi i anga nui-taikaha, pupuhi ngā taea tae 9400 m.

Me kï reira e mo te utu aunoa o rerekē auau puhipuhi whawhai pū ki te 8 rauna ia meneti, ki te utu ā-o - 1-2 matā ia meneti.

whakaratohia pupuhi whānui o T-72 te stereoscopic karutahi titiro-rangefinder rawa ki atu stabilization motuhake o te mara ataata. Mā te tawhiti ūnga titiro whanganga i roto i te whānuitanga 1000-4000 m ki te tika o 3-5 ōrau. Ki te whakahaere i te pupuhi i te po, he tirohanga po motuhake ki te rama i runga i te tātari IR.

rawa Tower o Commander te ki pū anti-rererangi, e taea ai e koe kopere i ngā taumata rangi me te whenua. I roto i te take o T-72 o TTX tank e whai ake nei: i runga i whakahaere te distal ngā taumata rangi puhipuhi te i te tawhiti o 1500 m, i whenua - ki runga ki te 2000 m ngā tāutanga antiaircraft tank :.

• pū mīhini NSV 12.7 mm;
• pouraka ki pūrere e utu;
• anti-rererangi aroaro;
• rahurahu, tuku taputapu tika whakapae a poutū;
• hoko taonga ai mo anga;
• whakataurite i tikanga.

anga matua

Ko tētahi o te kaha tino Armoured Russian whawhai o te wā katoa - te T-72. Rākau o te riri riro te rauna e whai ake nei:

• AKMS automaton 7,62 mm;
• pītara tohu;
• 10 ngā pohū ringa.

Ko te tank kua he rua-rererangi ringa stabilizer electrohydraulic, ngā nei ki te whatu titiro-rangefinder. Ko te whāinga matua o tenei matatini ko:

1. pupuri aunoatia te pu, me te pū mīhini i roto i te tetahi tūranga i roto i te kaupapa o te tank.
2. Kukume i te pū ähuareka me pū pai te huri i te arata'iraa tere.
3. Tūhonoa pū unstabilized i roto i te manureva whakapae.
4. Waihanga ngā o te rangatira tank ki te hōia pū.
5. Emergency huri te pourewa o te kaiakiaki.

Ki te stabilizer whakaratohia tere koki, piri nei e te pū poutū i roto i te aratau aunoa. I runga i te wahi o te tank kariri - 39 matā mo te pū, 2000 rauna o matā mo te PKT pū mīhini, 300 rauna o kariri mo mīhini, 12 cartridges mo te pupuhi tohu me 300 rauna o matā mo te pū mīhini anti-rererangi.

āhuatanga utu

I te T-72 kua he whānuitanga o electromechanical, e utu aunoa i te pū. Kei a ia ko te nekeneke hurihuri, ara rīpene tikanga, moenga tango tikanga uta tokotoko, pū puru dynamoelectric, mahara, me te wae mana.

USSR tank te whawhai rawa ki te nekeneke tītaka eke e te i runga i te anga mīhini me ngā te anga, he uhi actuator electromechanical, kati te matapihi whitiki tokonaki tikanga, te puku puru, me te ringa. I roto i te tāpare 22 whakanohoia rīpene, ko ia he hanga paiherea totoka. paiherea te rīpene e ka hiahia nga korere e rua ki te hāngai ngā momo rerekē o matā.

Āhuatanga o te mana te tipu

Taputapu tank T-72 kōrero te aroaro o te powerplant whakarerekētia. Ko te engine diesel ki 780 horsepower, kō atu nei te ki te pūnaha tautauā wai, me te puku supercharger turai. Ko 980 kg Engine taimaha, te tāuta i te reira i roto i te teihana mana. Ka taea e pūkaha Maha-wahie rere i runga i rama rerekē o diesel, penehīni me te karahīni. Ko te wahie matua - diesel. uru mana pūkaha tank te o 4 roto, me te 5 tāke wahie waho.

Hei tiaki i te rangi ma e tomo te ipurau o te pūkaha, atu rawa te tank kua ki te kaihoroi rangi e rua-wā e te tango i puehu i te tango puehu. whakamana purenga i roto i te maha o ngā huringa, a ka pure ki te 99,8 ōrau rangi tomo te pūkaha.

Ko te taputapu o te T-72 kōrero te aroaro o te hinu, me te pūnaha meangiti. Kei te komuhumuhu i te pūnaha whakahinuhinu me ngā, me te meangiti pūnaha - wai ka hiri, kua tāpiri reira e tohanga takoha. mahana te pūnaha whakawera motuhake ake te pūkaha me te pupuritia e ona pūnaha i mua i whakarewatanga.

Tank T-72 rite rawa ki te tuku ā-ringa ki te mana waipēhi tae atu i te kitā me te rua i tuku. ka karanga a Guitar he reducer taputapu e whakawhiti taipana ki te tuku.

Tahuhu me ngā taputapu

Aro taimaha o T-72 he 44.5 taranata, i te kōhiwi - te bi ono awa rubberized me toru takai uni-Anga, muri whakaritenga puku wira, te wira urungi ki te tikanga ratchet. Ko te tank kua he takitahi whakatārewatanga torsion, e faarahi te absorbers ru waipēhi me te awa tautoko e ono. Torongū i wae iti ki te maha o te hu 97 reira.

O te atu pūrere i runga i te tank e taea te kï, ko te reo irirangi pūrere kōrero, hangaia hoki wha kaiohauru. E whakahaerehia ana te teihana reo irirangi rite te transceiver me te waea pūkoro, te whakarato i te whānuitanga kōrero o runga ki te 20 km. Ko te transceiver 1261 mahi i te auau whakahaere, e whakahaere te tuku tohu me te fariiraa i roto i te auau noa.

pūnaha tiaki

Ahakoa te meka i ko mīharo te taimaha o te T-72, i rite rawa ai ki atu pūnaha e tiaki patu waka Armoured o whakangaromanga papatipu. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha tiaki i te tank me tona taputapu ā-i te ngaru ru, radiation i te pahūtanga karihi, te whakarite i te haumaru o te waka, ka whai wāhi ki āpiha paitini patu koiora ranei.

kawea tiaki hau i roto i patu whīwhiwhi, me te-kounga tiketike taatiraa. Roto te tank, he rauemi pono motuhake, me te wehenga whawhai me te wehenga o taraiwa te humarie hiri. tavini te pūnaha tiaki rite te whakaoho marama, me te tangi, a ka whakahaere te taumata radiation o hapanga i roto i te pēhanga tank me te aroaro o matū paitini waho ona.

Ko Fire whakanoatanga Pūnaha he ipu e toru-rita e kua ki tonu i te extinguishant me hoki e toru pipelines, e hono nga rango me manga, a iwa pūoko pāmahana. He pūnaha motuhake o te mahi toutou tavini rite te tiaki pono i te paowa. Rere te reira i runga i diesel wahie.

O te atu tank taputapu T-72 kia whakahuatia pūnaha mo te taraiwa raro, e taea ana ki te hinga tutukitanga i runga i te hōhonu wai o 5 m me te whanui o runga ki te 1000 m. Ko te hanganga o tenei pūrere hoki ngā kautere kopare hangaia mō ngā mema o te waka katoa.

Akatuke'anga tank T-72

nga tau katoa o te tuku tank whakaurua i roto i waru tauira taketake: T-72, T-72M me T-72M1, T-72C me o ratou momo. I tua atu, kei te kaha ia hokona ki waho i roto i nga whenua pērā i Czechoslovakia, Poland, Germany Te Tai Rāwhiti, Hungary me Bulgaria. Ka rite ki o 2007, ko enei waka Armoured i roto i te mahi i te maha o nga whenua - Algeria, Vietnam, Ripia, Makeronia, Kyrgyzstan, me te tini ke atu. I whakamahia Tank T-72 ngā i roto i te whenua te hunga i te pūtake mo te maha nui o engineering, motuhake, me te hōia waka.

T-72 - ko te tank Ural e kua roa kua whakaaro tetahi o te kaha tino me te pono i roto i te USSR kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te ao. Kei te hua tonu te putanga ake i roto i nga whenua maha, i te whakapai ake tonu i te pūnaha mana, me te taputapu mana.