Takanga o te ethylene

Ethylene ewaro ranei - ko te hau koretae, he pūkākā, ki te Muscat ngawari me te kakara reka. Ko tōna tātai matū C2H4. Ewaro Ko te waiwaro rua māmā (waiwaro hamanga he kotahi here rua i waenganui i ngā ngota waro pātata). papatipu titiwha - 28,05 g / mol. ira whakakoero - -169,2 ° C, te pāmahana kohua - -103,7 ° C. Paemura - -136 ° C, te autoignition - +542,8 ° C. I roto i te 1680, I. Berger (tākuta Tiamana, me te kēmihi) o te Ethyl waipiro ka whai wāhi ki te hinu o te vitriol (na ka karanga i te waikawa pungatara) i rite tuatahi whiwhi ethylene i te waihā ewaro. Ko te tātai hanganga o te ethylene i 1860, whakapumautia Russian kēmihi A. M. Butlerov te tauhohe o te mewaro konutawa ki parahi. Ko tenei hau paku mama atu i te hau, he mea painga wairewa i te wai, i roto i whakarewa organic, - pai.

ethylene takanga me te ako o ona āhuatanga, te timatanga o e pā ana ki kua arahina te rau tau waenganui-19 ki tenei ra e ethylene ko te pūhui organic tino rongonui. Kua tae tona production ao ake atu i te 109 miriona toni i roto i 2006. I teie mahana, whiwhi ethylene tonu ki te whanake. Na roto i te 2010, whakaputaina ana e ia kahore iti iho i te 117 kamupene i roto i te 55 whenua. whakamahia ethylene te rite rauemi raw i roto i te hanga o polyethylenes o tiketike, me te iti sevilene pēhanga me ētahi atu rauemi polymeric whiwhi i roto i te tukanga o te copolymerization ki ngā comonomers. Kei te whakamahia hoki reira mo te hanga o te ethylbenzene me styrene, ethylene waikura, vinyl pūhaumāota, vinyl tāpia, waikawameha ahetiki, Ethyl waipiro me te ethylene glycol.

He aha meinga te tupu o te hanga kaha, e hāngai ana ki te whiwhi i te ethylene? Te nuinga te roha o te mākete o rauemi polymeric. momo polyethylene pau neke atu i te hawhe o te hanga o te ethylene ao. Kei te whakamahia te nuinga whānui te rauemi polymeric kirihou i roto i te ao. No te mea kua meinga reira kiriata mo ngā take. Linear alpha-olefins whiwhi e oligomerization (hanganga o mekameka polymer poto) kua whakamahia rite precursors, teretere, plasticizers, lubricants waihanga, tāpiritanga, me rite comonomers i te hanga o polyethylenes. Ko tētahi atu whakamahi nui o te ahunga ethylene - ko tona pitihāoratanga ki te whakaputa, i te mea te rauemi raw matua i roto i te hanga o āpiha mata-kaha, me teretere ethylene ōkai. i raro ethylene waikura te ki Hydration rite ki te hua whiwhi ethylene. Kei te whānui whakamahia te reira hei ārai makariri automotive.

I teie mahana, kawea te faaineineraa o te ethylene te i waiwai i te pyrolysis o penehīni rere torotika ranei te whānui o waiwaro marama hautanga. I roto i Russia me te USSR mua i reira e rerekē tāutanga mana hangaia mō te motu (Giprokauchuk, VNIPINeft, Bashgiproneftekhim) me o hangarau ke (Linde AG) e rua. Ka taea te wehea production ngā ki ngā rōpū e toru: (. 300 me 450 mano taranata o ethylene tau) te mana iti (. 30 me 60 taranata ia tau o ethylene), Waenga (. 100 me 200 mano tana ia tau) ka tiketike. Ko wai i roto i te ao e whakahaeretia whakato ki te kaha nui nui: i 400 ki te 500, me te tae noa ki runga ki te 800 mano taranata o ethylene ia tau. Tenei hua i roto i te hanga taea ki te whakaiti i te rauemi, pūngao me te whakapaipai utu motuhake.

kawea faaineineraa o te ethylene te i roto i te ahumahi matū, tae atu pyrolysis whakato, he wae hau wehenga, te whakatū demineralizer. rauemi raw - hau ranei atu hautanga hinu marama i roto i te para ranunga ranei ona ki te kohu te wai (he tukanga mō te whakaiti i te hanganga o te Coke i roto i te ngongo oumu). Ko te rauemi raw tukua ki te oumu pyrolysis, i reira i hanga te pāmahana o 750 ki te 900 ° C pyrogas arā, o te hauwai me te waiwaro roto i tetahi (mewaro) ki e rua tekau ngota waro nei rāpoi ngota. whakamahia Heat o pyrolysis te i roto i te taputapu motuhake, whakaputaina nei i te wai tukinotia o steam pēhanga tiketike, a te matao o pyrogas tomo te pyrolysis wae teriuma wehenga (taimaha) me pyrocondensate. Muri pyrogas kei roto te nuinga waiwaro i C1 ki C4, kua tukua ki te turbocharger (te mīhini huri hiko aia e steam pēhanga teitei), i raro i te pēhanga whangai nei ki te Māturu tīwae pūnaha hau wehenga. He he he tohanga o ngā hua taketake pērā i ethylene me propylene (tona putanga, rite whakaritea ki ethylene, tonu i roto i te rua nga wa iti), me nga byproducts o te hauwai, mewaro, ewaro, pōwaro, butylene-butadiene hautanga, pyrolysis marama uku ranei wāhanga penehīni avtmobilnyh.

Hoki e taea ki te faaineine i ethylene pyrolysis catalytic. I roto i te tauine ahumahi, e kore te tenei tikanga whakatinanahia, ahakoa kawea tona tamataraa i roto i to tatou whenua i roto i tona wa i roto i ngā tautuhinga taiwhanga e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i taiao ahumahi. Ko te painga, ko te reira taea ki te whakaiti i te pāmahana pyrolysis i te whakamahi o kaiwhakakökï. Na roto i te whakanui ake i te selectivity (selectivity) o te tukanga e nui haere, kia rite ki whakaritea ki te pyrolysis waiariki, tukua o ethylene me propylene, heke hanganga o e-hua, me Coke. I tēnei wā, kei te mahi kairangahau i roto i te whenua rerekē ki te rapu hoki i te tukanga hoahoa whakakōkī me te taputapu whai hua.