Takawai. Distribution i roto i te natura, ara ki te whiwhi, te whakamahi

Takawai hāorarua (tātai matū: SiO2, takawai) - ko te tioata te huitahi, waiwai ranei rauemi amorphous. Ko tenei kohuke i roto i te puka o te kiripaka onepu Kei te whānui whakamahia i roto i te hanga, i te hanga o ngā hua matū me te reo irirangi, i roto i te rererangi hanga, me te tokomaha atu ahumahi.

Tohatoha o piapia i te natura

roto takawai kei roto i te kirinuku o te whenua kia rite ki te ranunga ki etahi atu kohuke (kīia ki rite ofa'i), me te magnesium, he wahi o te kamaka. He nui ono kiripaka, cristobalite, karakeroni, tridymite, rikuri, lechatelierite (karaihe kiripaka) - Ko te tino noa ka puta noa kohuke. Ko te tioata kiripaka pai hanga he "matua" kiripaka pera-ka karanga. Ki te hanga e te whakangaromanga o toka riirii kiripaka onepu, e, pēpēhia, arahi ki te ahua o te quartzite me hōanga.

Rhinestone - Ko te kiripaka parakore tino, taekore tenei. kia paunatia ona tioata tekau o taranata, a ka tae roa o te maha mita. Hoki, kia pani kiripaka ki ngā poke puru (ametihita), kōwhai (Citrine), pango (morion), ae (rauchtopaz). I roto i te natura, i reira e ano ahua cryptocrystalline o kiripaka: te harariu whero-māwhero, matomato-aporo karihoparaha, hapaira he kikorangi, hahapa lhianga-tae, onika, me te rupi onepu, hornfels me silicon.

Ahurei "rangatira" rikuri, e ngā o matūriki colloidal o diameter ōrite o e pā ana ki 0.2 microns. E Kikī ēnei matūriki piri ki agglomerates whakahau o te wai i roto i ratou iti iho i te kotahi ōrau (i roto i te nuinga o opals - e pā ana ki whitu ōrau). kia hoki putunga Natural takawai hāorarua hanga diatomite, Tripoli. O te kohuke hanga anga o diatoms, nga kōhiwi o etahi kāri. Ko wāhanga ia o te kakau o ngā tipu - pērā i te kakaho, horsetail, bamboo.

Me pēhea te ki te tiki takawai?

Ka taea te whiwhi SiO2 waihanga:

- i te mahi o te pūmāota (HCl) ranei pūngāwhā (H2SO4) waikawa mo te konutai magnesium, i te iti rawa - i roto i te tahi atu silicates wairewa (ko te tikanga matua i roto i nga whenua whakawhanakehia tenei);

- te whakamahi i te hauhā silicon colloidal (i roto i tona mīti coagulation ranei i raro i te mahi o katote F-, Na +);

- i te tauhohenga wai o te pūkōwhai silicon SiF4, silicon tetrachloride SiCl4, tetraethoxysilane (C2H5O) 4Si, desublimata totoka (NH4) 2SiF6 i puka haurehu waihā me te i roto i te haukini waiwai me te wairewa waiwai (i ētahi wā ki te tua o turanga organic, ranei te waihā).

rite silicon amorphous hāorarua:

- diatomite me Tripoli;

- calcination o te raihi peha;

- huri o te kiripaka tauta.

E hua puehu takawai Anhydrous:

- te whakamahi i kohu matū waipara;

- i te paparetanga me te hāora kohu hākawa takawai pyrogenic me silicon pūkōwhai;

- i te parariraa o te takawai tetrachloride SiCl4 kohu i roto i te ranunga o H2 me O2.

Ka rite ki takawai whakamahia?

- takawai Natural whakamahia i roto i te hanga o te porcelain, raima, abrasives, pereki kotakota onepu, okouku, oneone, DINACYT, mōhiti magnesium;

- takawai waihanga ( "waro pango ma") i whakamahia rite filler i te hanga o te rapa;

Kua kitea kiripaka tioata kotahi whakamahi i roto i te hikohiko (whiriwhiringa, stabilizers auau piezoelectric, resonators) i roto i acoustoelectronics me acousto, i roto i te whakapaipai, i roto i te mauhaa whatu -;

- rhinestone me te hauhā silicon waihanga e whakamahia rite rauemi raw mo te hanga o te kiripaka karaihe, kiripaka, weu kiripaka karaihe kotahi, me te uku. I roto i te tahuri, okouku me karaihe kiripaka whakamahia te i roto i te ahumahi rererangi, optics, hikohiko me ētahi atu ahumahi. whakamahia te kiripaka te rite te rauemi papanga, pupuri wera, me kaka kiripaka - ki te waihanga i tētahi pūnaha muka-whatu o te whakawhiti mōhiohio , me ngā rārangi kōrero.