Tote chlorate

He aha te mea pāhare pāporo chlorate?

Ko te tote pāhare pāporo o te waikawa chloric (tetahi o nga waikawa hāora-kei roto wha i hanga e te māota: hypochlorous - HClO, chlorous - HClO2, chloric - HClO3 me perchloric - HClO4) nuitia i huaina pāhare pāporo chlorate, tātai - KClO3. Tenei tote i roto i te ahua tohu tioata (te huitahi), e te hunga ruarua wairewa i roto i te wai (i te 20 ° C i roto i te 100 cm3 o te wai memeha 7.3 anake g o te tote), engari ki te whakanui ake i te pāmahana te piki memehatanga. Tetahi o tona ingoa rongonui - bertoletova tote. Ko te taonga taimaha rāpoi ko 122,55 amu, kiato - 2.32 g / cm3. e rewa ana i te tote i 356 ° C, decomposes reira i pā ana ki 400 ° C.

Ko te whakatuwheratanga o te pāhare pāporo chlorate

Hoki te wā tuatahi (i roto i te 1786) o pāhare pāporo chlorate ko kēmihi French Klod Bertolle. ngaro te reira chloro roto hāngai wairewa waihā pāhare pāporo wera. whārite Reaction, mā nei te tote, ko te rite whai: 3Cl2 + 6KOH → 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O. Ka rite ki te hua o tenei tauhohenga ko tīwharawhara pāhare pāporo chlorate rite te totoka ma. Mai te mea te reira i painga wairewa i roto i te wai matao, kua ngāwari wehea ai i te tahi atu tai i roto i te matao o te otinga te. Mai tona whakatuwheratanga bertoletova tote ko te hua tino noa, me te whai hua o te chlorate katoa. I tēnei wā whakaputaina KClO3 i runga i te tauine ahumahi.

āhuatanga matū

tote Chlorate - he oxidizer kaha. Na roto i te tauhohe i te reira ki takiwa waikawa pūmāota (HCl) tohaina māota free. whakaahuatia ana tēnei tukanga e te whārite tauhohenga matū: 6HCl + KClO3 → 3Cl ↑ + KCl + 3 H2O. Ka rite ki chlorates katoa, ko te tino paitini tenei taonga. I roto i te puka whakarewa tautoko kaha KClO3 parariraa. Ko te ranunga ngā taonga oxidizable (whakaiti māngai) pērā i whanariki, ūkuikui, te huka, me te tahi atu matū organic pahū chlorate konurehu i te pānga waku ranei. whakarei te tūtohutanga ki enei pānga kei roto i te aroaro o tai haukinia me bromates. I raro i ngawari (whakawera ki te 60 ° C) i rite te hāora o te pāhare pāporo chlorate i oxalic hāorarua waikawa māota, te tukanga hua rite ki te whārite tauhohe: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O + 2ClO2. kitea e māota monoxide tono i roto i te bleaching me sterilization o ngā rauemi (paraoa pepa penupenu me te pera i runga i), a taea hoki te whakamahi ki te obesfenolivaniya puunaha tipu matū.

Ko te whakamahi o te pāhare pāporo chlorate

O katoa tote bertoletova chlorate ko te whakamahia tino whānui. Kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i te hanga o waikano, kēmu (mahi upoko ōrite rauemi combustible, makuku raw rauemi te konurehu chlorate TU 6-18-24-84), mumura, waipatu, māota hāorarua. No te mea o te ati tiketike o tito ki te konurehu chlorate, e kore e whakaritea e whakamahia ratou i roto i te hanga o explosives mō ngā take ahumahi, me te hōia. Tino uaua whakamahia konurehu chlorate te rite te taikaha kōkiri. I te tahi taime whakamahia i roto i te pyrotechnics ki tukua tito tsvetnoplamennye. I mua tote whakamahia i roto i te rongoā: rongoā ngoikore o tenei taonga (KClO3) mo etahi wa i whakamahia hei rongoā mō te gargling wā. Tote i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, ka whakamahia ki te whiwhi hāora i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga, engari no te mea o te ati o te ngā i poroa.

Te faaineineraa o te pāhare pāporo chlorate

Ko tētahi o nga tikanga e whai ake nei: i te chlorination o te konurehu waihā rite te hua o te tauhohenga utu ki ētahi atu tai o chlorates, hāora iahiko i roto i wairewa waiwai o te pūhau whakarewa - Ka taea te whiwhi bertoletova tote. Te faaineineraa o tona tauine ahumahi maha whakamana e te pēhau disproportionation tauhohenga (tai waikawa hypochlorous). tukanga hangarau tukatuka rerekē. I roto i te nuinga o te wā kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te tauhohenga i waenga i te konupūmā pūhaumāota me te konurehu chlorate: Ca (ClO3) 2 + 2KCl → 2KClO3 + CaCl2. Na ka hanga e bertoletova tote i te whaea waipiro i te whātioatanga tohaina. Hoki i rite chlorate konurehu i te tikanga whakarerekētia Berthollet te iahiko o te pāhare pāporo pūhaumāota: whakaputaina e-iahiko e ähua ki chloro konurehu waihā, te hua KClO pāhare pāporo pēhau aru e disproportionation o pāhare pāporo chlorate KClO3 me te puna o te pāhare pāporo pūhaumāota KCl.

Ko te whāwehe o pāhare pāporo chlorate

I te pāmahana o e pā ana ki 400 ° C te whāwehe o pāhare pāporo chlorate. Ka rite ki te hua, te hāora, me te konurehu perchlorate: 4KClO3 → KCl + 3KClO4. Ko te wāhanga i muri o te whāwehe puta i te pāmahana o te 550 ki te 620 ° C: KClO4 → 2O2 ↑ + KCl. I kaiwhakakökï (kia ratou waikura konukura CuO, he waikura rino (III) Fe2O3 waikura konupora ranei (IV) MnO2) puta whāwehe i pāmahana o raro (150 ki te 300 ° C) me te i roto i te kotahi taahiraa: 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2.

mehua haumaru

Bertoletova tote he iu matū taikaha e taea pahū, ki faaururaa, rokiroki (hei tauira, e tata ana nga hāora i runga i te papa taua i roto i te taiwhanga ranei i roto i te whare taonga) mira atu ngā mahi ranei. kia puta te pahūtanga whara ranei noa te mate ki te whai. Na reira, i roto i te hanga, te whakamahi, te rokiroki waka o pāhare pāporo chlorate ranei me tutaki nga whakaritenga o te Facilities Federal Ture 116. e whakaritea ana enei tukanga ki whakaurunga ahumahi mōrearea.