Tuhinga normative runga Waeine me nga momo o paerewa

может быть обязательным или рекомендованным для исполнения. Tetahi tuhinga normative i runga i Waeine i roto i te Russian Federation kia hiahiatia ai tūtohutia hoki mahi ranei. Hoki haapa'oraa-kore o etahi kai whakarato mo te taunahatanga i runga i te ture e hāngai ana.

tuhinga normative i runga i Waeine

? He aha te mea te reira? Tenei mahi, e tautuhi ana i te ture, ngā whakaritenga, ngā tohutohu mo tetahi ahanoa. Tohunga noho te rota o te ohipa faaineineraa i mua i hanga koe i te tuhinga normative i runga i Waeine. объектов, относительно которых будут выработаны требования, основывается на анализе деятельности производителей услуг и продукции, а также потребительского спроса. Whakatau i o nga taonga e he ki te kia mahi i roto i ngā whakaritenga e hāngai ana i runga i te tātaritanga o te mahi o ngā o ngā ratonga me ngā hua me te kiritaki tono.

āhuatanga

. He ngā tikanga i runga i Waeine me ngā momo o paerewa. hāngai mahi taunakitanga te i te whakatutuki i te taumata tino pai o te tikanga i roto i te wāhi ngā. устанавливает общие принципы, характеристики, правила, относящиеся к той или иной деятельности либо ее результатам. Waeine tuhinga normative, whakawhanakehia i runga i te pūtake o te whakaaetanga o nga whanaunga kaiuru, whakau ana te whānui parau tumu, āhuatanga, ture e pā ana ki te mahi ngā ranei ona hua. E whakamahia ratou i te whānuitanga tuatau o kaupapa tamau. или принцип, базируется на обобщенных результатах исследований, практического опыта, научных достижений. hāngai Waeine tuhinga normative, whakawhanakehia rite te tikanga parau tumu ranei kei i runga i te hua whakakotahi o akoranga, wheako mahi me ngā whakatutukitanga pūtaiao. Ko te mea whakatau te painga tino arotau ki te hapori i roto i tona tono.

whakarōpū

, как административно-территориальные, национальные, региональные, международные акты. I roto i te mahi whakamahi taua momo o ngā tuhinga normative runga Waeine, hei whakahaere, me te rohe, motu, ā-rohe, me te mea te ao. tono ratou whai pānga e hāngai ana, me te e hangaia mo te whānui o kiritaki ngā. считаются общедоступными. E whakaaro ēnei tuhinga normative i te mara o te Waeine ki kia wātea nuitia. Ko tētahi atu kāwai o mahi - te ahumahi u ranei - e arotahi ana i runga i te whānuitanga kuiti o ngā kaupapa. I mua i te whakaaetanga o etahi ture mana hanga he Waeine tuhinga normative tuatahi.

такая практика существует достаточно давно. I roto i Russia, te vai tenei mahi mo te wa roa. ka mahi Rangitahi kia whāngai e te tinana mana, ka kōrero ki te kiritaki pea me hinonga e taea te whakamahi i ratou. Information whiwhi i roto i te akoranga o ratou tono, mahi arotake rite te pūtake mo te whakatau i runga i ranei ki te waihanga i tētahi paerewa ōkawa.

mahi taunakitanga

Ko te tuhinga Waeine normative kei roto tohutohu ranei te ako i runga i te tukanga, te tauira, te paerewa, whakaahuatanga mahi, hua. He huinga o te ture e taea mahi hei mahi motuhake. I roto i ētahi wā e whakaurua te reira i roto i te tahi atu tuhinga normative i runga i Waeine. , который составляется для процессов монтажа, проектирования конструкций и оборудования, обслуживания либо эксплуатации объектов, изделий. unu ake tenei tuhinga mo nga tukanga tāutanga, hoahoa hanganga me te taputapu, tiaki ranei mahi o whakaurunga, hua. Acts kėia he kāwai motuhake, i roto i nei i reira he whakamārama o ngā tikanga ngā tukanga ranei ki te whakamahi, ka taki tautukunga. Ko ratou ture paerewa hangarau tuhinga.

tikanga

, в отличие от предыдущих, носит обязательный характер. Tēnei tuhinga normative runga Waeine, pērā i te hunga o mua, he whakahauanga. Kei te whakaaetia te reira e te mana. Ka rite ki protrudes tetahi o ona rerekē ture hangarau. Kei reira nga whakaritenga mo te ahanoa ngā. может включать в себя прямые предписания либо ссылки на них в других актах. kia ngā Waeine tuhinga normative whakahaunga tohutoro tika ki a ratou i roto i te tahi atu mahi ranei. Kei te maha ture Hangarau i kō atu e aratohu. ngā ratou he whakaahuatanga o te tikanga o te tirohanga, me te aroturuki tautukunga ki nga whakaritenga o te ahanoa.

tuhinga normative runga Waeine me nga momo o paerewa

I reira, kāinga me te mahi ao, nga momo e whai ake nei o mahi:

1. Faufaa. включают в себя руководящие либо общие положения для конкретной сферы. Enei tuhinga normative i roto i Waeine ngā aratohu kai whānui mo te rohe motuhake ranei. Kei te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana ratou rite te pūtake huarahi mo te waihanga o te tahi atu ture, me ngā whakaritenga.
2. Kupu. Ēnei tuhinga pūnaha Waeine normative ngā ariā me ratou tikanga.

I tua atu, i reira e:

1. paerewa i runga i ngā tikanga whakamātautau. whakaturia ratou nga ture, ngā tukanga, maimoatanga mō ngā arowhai me ngā mahi haere tahi ratou (ranei te kohi uiuia ai, mo te tauira).
2. paerewa Hua. ngā ratou nga whakaritenga ki te hua, ai whakaratohia te ahanoa e mo tona ūnga. e kore ai e tenei paerewa oti ranei oti. I roto i te take whakamutunga, te tāuta kore anake ki nga whakaritenga i runga ake, engari ano te ture i roto i runga i nei te tīpako, kawea atu whakamātautau, tākai, tapanga, rokiroki, me te pera i runga i. ngā paerewa Part te wahi anake o prescriptions. Hei tauira, kia tono ngā whakaritenga ki te ture tuku, tawhā kounga, me te pera i runga i.
3. Standards mō te tukanga / ratonga. Ratou te mahi kia rite ki te ahanoa o motuhake ngā mahi ranei mahinga.
4. Standards mō te mahitahi. whakapumautia ratou whakaritenga mo te hua katoa ranei ona wāhanga.

kai

kia whai ratou i te huarahi whakamārama ranei. ngā te tikanga tuatahi, he tikanga mō te raveraa i ngā mahi o te tukanga, me te pera atu. . Ki te to ratou awhina, tutuki tautuku ki ngā whakaritenga utaina e te tuhinga normative o Waeine, tohu. Ko te tikanga o te rua o nga momo tikanga ngā whakaahuatanga i runga i ngā hanganga, o ratou wāhanga, te feedstock hanganga / rauemi, te rahinga o ngā wāhanga me ngā wāhanga o ngā hua. Ka taea te tāpiri i te tuhinga normative taketake o Waeine ki te mahi, e whakaata ana i te "whanonga" o te ahanoa ina te whakamahia te reira.

Acts mahi i runga i te rohe o Russia

whakapumautia tuhinga matua te ture Federal "I Waeine". I roto ia ratou te maha o manuhiri, ngā whakaritenga rohe, me te ao, classifiers katoa-Russian. hoki ngā te tuhinga matua paerewa mō ngā ahumahi, hinonga, engineering, hapori pūtaiao, me te hangarau, me te tahi atu rōpū. I tēnei wā te tono tonu etahi mahi whāngai i roto i te wā USSR. I tua atu ki enei paerewa, ki nga tikanga ngā ano ture mo Waeine (OL), tūtohutanga (R) me ngā whakaritenga hangarau (TU). te tono ngā whakaritenga motuhake ki mahi mo te hua. kia tapaea ratou aua whakahau e whakapumautia e tohu. I roto i te whakatakoto Acts tikanga whakamātautau ki te kia tono ki te whakatau i ngā hanganga ture ki te ture i runga i te tapanga o ngā hua, me ngā momo ◊oatu fakataha o te peeke.

GOST

включает в себя требования к продукции, услугам, работам, потребность в которых обладает межотраслевым характером. Tenei Waeine tuhinga normative ngā whakaritenga mō ngā hua, ratonga, mahi, te hiahia hoki e he āhua whitinga. Ture taea ngā rua ngā whakaritenga whakahauanga me ngā tūtohutanga. E whakaaetia tuhinga normative e State Paerewa, ki te te ahanoa o Waeine ko nga ratonga, ngā mahi me ngā hua. Ki te mea ko te mahi i roto i te mara o te hoahoanga, ahumahi, hanga, ratou kerēme State Building.

hanganga

whakaritenga whakahauanga ngā:

1. haumaru Tukanga, ratonga, hua taiao tiaki, te hauora tangata, rawa, paerewa hauora.
2. Mōhiohio me te hototahi hangarau, interchangeability o ngā hua.
3. E uouangatahá tohu tikanga mana.

Ngā hāngai i roto i te wa nei ki te whakaritenga haumaru, rite ko reira te huru matua mō te tohu. ka whakaritenga whakahauanga kia tutaki e ngā pokapū kāwanatanga katoa me hinonga pakihi ahakoa o ratou ahua o te mana. отдельного типа продукции может включать в себя такие характеристики, как: momo ture Waeine Tuhinga hua takitahi kia ngā āhuatanga pēnei i:

• taumata tīkina o kino / take mōrearea putanga i roto i te mahi taputapu tukanga;
• piha mōrearea;
• pānga o pūhui i runga i te tangata, me te pera i runga i.

Ka ngā nga paerewa momo me rohe o pūmate manakohia o te hua hua ranei rōpū ngā katoa. E whakatakoto ratou ki te tumanako o te tika, puta noa ratou ra. Hoki haumaru whakaritenga ngā: ahi, pahūtanga, haumaru hiko, mōrahi nohanga whakaaetia o pollutants me ngā matū, me pera i runga i. Me ngā te kiritaki me te kaiwhakaari i roto i te tikanga kirimana e pā ana ki ngā hanganga ture me tona kaupapa whakatakotoria whakaritenga taketake o GOST. kia mohio ai Ētahi atu ture rite paerewa here i roto i whanaunga kirimana ranei, ki te reira ko te tohu hāngai i roto i te pepa i te kaiwhakarato (kaiwhakanao) te toi ranei. Enei whakaritenga, hei tauira, ngā te whakahaere (kiritaki) ngā āhuatanga kī hua me tikanga mo to ratou mana, te ture mo te rēhita o peeke, metrology, a na i runga i.

hanganga ture

E whakarato ana te ture mō ngā tukanga e hāngai ana ki te manatoko tautukunga ki te whakaritenga whakapumautia. Tautukunga ki te whakaritenga whakapumautia e whakamātautau, kia rite ki nga tikanga o te tohu whakahauanga. I roto i ētahi wā, ki te te kiia reira e tika ana, me te tika ki te whakarite i te taumata tiketike o te whakataetae o ngā hua kāinga, kia whakapumautia whakaritenga heke mai. Ko ratou ki etahi whānuitanga mua o nga taea ngā o te hangarau e whakamahia ana. I runga i te ringa kotahi, e kore ai e fepaki i te tikanga i runga i ngā paerewa tuatahi. I te wa ano mahi reira hei manawarü mo te introduction o ngā tukanga hou i te hinonga kāinga.

mahi ahumahi

E whakawhanakehia ēnei paerewa ki te faatura ki te hua whiwhi i roto i te rängai ngā ōhanga. kia rite ki nga tikanga whakahauanga whakaturia atu i roto i te manuhiri, ture ahumahi me ngā paerewa haumaru nga whakaritenga o enei mahi. E tangohia e te whakahaere kāwanatanga (manatü) peheé ture. Ko ratou kawenga mō te hanganga ture ki te whakaritenga o ngā ture ahumahi GOST. Ko te ahanoa Ko nga tukanga, ngā hua me ngā ratonga hokona i roto i te rängai, whakapumautia mo te whakahaere o te mahi, te hoahoa angamaheni nga ture (toromoka, taputapu, me pera i runga i.), Te tikanga o te tautoko metrological. iti te whānuitanga o te whakamahi o paerewa ahumahi te ki ngä hinonga i raro i te mana o te kāwanatanga tari e kua whāngai ratou. kia whakamahi ngā Economic atu kaimahi ratou i runga i te pūtake noa.

Ngā o te pakihi

E whakawhanakehia ana ratou, ka whakaaetia tika i te Kamupene ake. Ka rite ki te Waeine o ngā i roto i tenei take e te nuinga o nga mea timatanga e pā ana ki te whakahaere o te hinonga. kia hoki Acts pā production, e hua whakahaere. I roto i tenei take, ka whakaturia te tuhinga ture whakaritenga mō ngā wāhanga o ngā hua, taputapu, tooling, tukanga ture. Ko te ture taua mahi mo te whanaketanga o hinonga o ture rohe, ao, me te motu, me te te tawhā ture o ngā rauemi mata, intermediates me pera i runga i tūtohutia.

Acts o hononga tūmatanui

E hangaia te tikanga ēnei tikanga i runga i te momo faufaa hou o ngā hua, ngā tukanga, ratonga, pai mahi mau hi'opo'araa, huarahi auaha ki te whakahaere o te production. hononga Public e mahi ki enei raruraru ahu ki te horapa i roto i o ratou mahi i nga hua o ngā whakatutukitanga o te ao pūtaiao, tika o te aro, tono me te rangahau taketake. Hoki kaiwhakaari ohaoha tikanga o tenei ahua mahi hei puna faufaa o te mōhiohio i runga i ngā whanaketanga tapahi-mata. Tūtohutanga me ngā ture whakatakotoria iho i roto i a ratou e whakamahia i roto i te hinonga noa i te whakahaere. Ka rite ki paerewa mō pakihi, me ū enei tikanga ki te ture o nāianei.

Aratohu me kaupapa here

I tona matua, hāngai ratou ki te ture raupapa. kia hāngai ana Ture me ngā aratohu ki te tikanga, i nei te harmonization o ture, whakarato pārongo i runga i ngā whakaritenga ahumahi whakaae, te hanganga o nga ratonga mana i roto i te hinonga, me pera i runga i. Enei mahi he whakahaere haaputuhia me tinana kei roto i te mana o te State Paerewa te Komiti Construction State ranei. Kei te kōrero a ratou kaupapa ki te kaiwhaiwāhi.

TU

ngā whakaritenga Hangarau whakawhanakehia e te hinonga me te tahi atu hinonga ohaoha i roto i te wā i reira he tika te hanga o ngā paerewa. Ka rite ki kia hanga te ahanoa o te TU he tuku tetahi-wā o ngā hua, whakaputaina i roto i wā iti, hua mahi toi me ngā, me te pera i runga i. Ko te tukanga mō te whakatamarikitanga o ngā āhuatanga hangarau he maha ngā āhuatanga. E ai ki te ture, TU tirohia ki te tuhinga hangarau. Heoi, hoki tenei kāwai o mahi ko te arai. Ki te he TU hono reira i roto i te kawenata / kirimana mo te supply, kua tukinotia e ratou kia rite ki ture. I roto i tenei take, kawea ratou whakaae i roto i roto i runga i PR 50.1.001-93. Ko te pau o te whiriwhiri ko e whai ake. I roto i te akoranga o te whakaaetanga o te hua hou tukua i runga ki te whakaritenga, i reira ko te whakaaetanga whakamutunga o ngā āhuatanga hangarau mana e te Komihana. Heoi, ki te whakarato me unga tuatahi TU ratou ki te kaupapa me te pepa ◊oku ◊oatu fakataha, ka whai wāhi ngā māngai o nei i roto i te tukanga.

āhuatanga nui

whakaaro hāngai ki te hainatanga TU tiwhikete o te whakaaetanga tauira whakamātautau (ranei rota). I roto i te ara ano e kitea ai te pātai o te pea o te production papatipu. Ki te hiahia te kamupene ki te tuku i hua i waho te komiti whakaaetanga, i roto i te whakaaetanga ki te ngā kiritaki. whakaaro ana tēnei tukanga te ki kia whakahauanga. Kaua e whakaae tikanga me ngā whakaritenga ngā, e kua pā ana ki te faufaa. I roto i tenei take, i roto i nei te hanga tohutoro ki te GOST e hāngai ana. Ture i roto i te runga i ai te ruruku o ngā āhuatanga hangarau, whakarato ngā ki te whakatau i te pātai o te hiahia o to ratou whakaae i te kiritaki, ki te i whakatakoto ratou i runga i tona kaupapa ake.

complexes mahi

E ngā ētahi paerewa ki te tuhinga ture kotahi. I roto i te mahi ngā ngā aua tikanga e te hunga i roto i te kōrero ki ia atu, me te takotoranga ūnga kotahi. Ēnei tuhinga whakapumautia whakaritenga tuati mo te Waeine o ngā. mahi matatini reira ngā tikanga ki te whakarerenga o totohe i waenganui i nga ture e hāngai ana i te ngā taumata, ki te whakarite te ōritetanga ki te ture, he whakaaro noa, me te hanganga ture ki te whakaritenga whakahauanga.

ato'a

Ko te paerewa tikanga whakarato maha ngā tikanga o te mana e pā ana ki tetahi tohu o te kounga hua. He mea tika ki te tīpako tetahi o ratou hei apitireihana ka he hiahia hāngai. Heoi, kia tuhia te reira e kore take katoa, kia whakamahia ai nga tikanga whakawhitiwhiti. Hoki taua āhuatanga, he paerewa kei te kupu tohutohu mārama i runga i te pai rawa o ngā āhuatanga kōrero i runga i ngā āhuatanga ranei ranei.

Ki te whakarite i te tika, me te taurite tonu o nga hua, kia koe te whakamahi i te tikanga o mahi e whakaahua te wahi me te tikanga o te tīpako o te consignments o taonga ki ratou āhuatanga ine, te ture e whakapumautia te raupapa o nga ngā mahi me ngā hua tukatuka, whakamatautau iahiko taputapu.

E hangaia paerewa taketake ki te whakahaere i te hononga me te māramatanga tahi i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi i roto i te rängai pūtaiao ranei ahumahi ngā. E whakatakoto ēnei mahi taua ture whakahaere me te mau parau tumu, ture me ngā ture, e kua whakaaro rite noa ki te rāngai tēnā. kia whai wāhi ratou ki nga whāinga, me tetahi hoki pūtaiao me te hanga. I roto i te ngako, whakarato ratou te pāhekoheko o ēnei wāhanga i roto i te hoahoa, te hanga me te whakamahi o te hua, te ratonga ranei kia te whakaritenga āhua atawhai o te taonga, me te hauora o te taupori kua tutaki i ki tonu i.

mutunga

I roto i te 1996, kua puta ke te paerewa taketake GOST Ρ 1.0-92. I roto i runga i te whakatikatika ki te rārangi o mea whakamahia i roto i te rohe o Russia, kua reira kua tapiritia ki te ture hangarau. Na, i te wa nei ano, tera e maha ngā āputa i roto i te ture whakahaere Waeine. Fakatatau ki ai, e kore katoa nga mahi te whakatū etahi whakaritenga, kupu tohutohu, ture, e tino hāngai ana ki ngā ture o te ao. Rerekē te huarahi motu ki te āhua o ngā ture hangarau kitea tika i roto i te waihanga o te huringa ki Standard. Kei te māngai reira e whai ake. Hoki Me ki kia tohaina ngā ture kāwanatanga me te ture, kei roto i te ture, ngā whakaritenga, me ngā paerewa hangarau, paerewa kāwanatanga i roto i ngā whakapumautia i roto i enei ture whakahauanga, nga ture o te tinana whakahaere e hānga ana ki te mana rawaka ture hangarau.