Tuhinga Russian Old - he aha te mea te reira? Works o tuhinga Russian Old

tuhinga Russian Old - he aha te mea te reira? Mahi 11-17 tenetere ngā mahi tuhituhi e kore anake, engari ano hoki tuhinga hītori (lēkooti kōrero me meatanga) Whakaahuatanga (i huaina e haere ana), ora (kōrero e pā ana ki te ora o te hunga tapu), mau a'oraa, pukapuka, tauira o te momo whaikōrero, me te etahi tuhinga o te ihirangi pakihi. Kaupapa o te tuhinga Russian Old, rite koutou e taea te kite, ko te tino taonga. He āhuatanga o te ora aronganui rama, toi mahi katoa.

Kaituhitanga

I roto i te kura, kei te ako ngā ākonga he aha te tuhinga Russian Old, ngā te ariā taketake. Ratou pea e mohio ana e te nuinga o nga mahi no ki tenei wā, kore e toe ingoa taketake. Literature o Ancient Rus nuinga ingoamuna, me te reira he rite ki te iwi toi-waha. Ko te tuhinga i tuhituhia e te ringa, me te tohaina mā reta - ki runga, me te hua e maha reworked ki uru te reka tuhituhi hou, te āhuatanga tōrangapū, me te rite i roto i te hononga ki te pūkenga tuhituhi me te manakohanga whaiaro moe.. Na reira, haere mai te hua ki a tatou i roto i putanga rerekē me putanga. Ko te tātari whakatairite o ratou tauturu kairangahau ki anō i te hītori o te pou, me te ki te faaoti nei o te kōwhiringa, ko tata ki te puna, kuputuhi o te kaituhi, me te ahu mai i te hītori o ona huringa.

I te tahi taime, i roto i te wā tino onge, to tatou te kōwhiringa manatārua, a maha i roto i nga rārangi muri e taea te kitea tata ki nga urupa taketake o te tuhinga Russian Old. Na reira, kia ako ratou i runga i te kaupapa o nga kōwhiringa e wātea ana katoa mahi. E wātea ana i roto i te nui tāone whare pukapuka, whare taonga me ngā pūranga ratou. Kua maha tuhinga tiaki i roto i ngā tau nui o ngā rārangi, etahi - i roto i te iti. aroaro te kōwhiringa anake, hei tauira, te "korero o te aue, me te aitua," "ture" Vladimir Monomakh, "e totoro."

"Etiquette" me repeatability

Me kï hoki tenei āhuatanga tuhinga tawhito rite repeatability i roto i ngā tuhinga e pā ana ki wā rerekē, etahi āhuatanga, āhuatanga, kupu āhua, whakarite, faaauraa. Mahi tūturu i roto i te ritenga pera-ka karanga: mahi ana te aito ranei mahi tetahi ara ranei tetahi, no te mea whai reira nga ariā o ratou wa i runga i te āhua o ki te tikanga i roto i te mau huru rerekē. Na e whakaahuatia nga takahanga (hei tauira, te pakanga) ki te whakamahi o ngā puka me ngā whakaahua pūmau.

Literature rautau 10

tonu tatou ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te mea i te tuhinga Russian Old. Whakahuahua nga ngā matua, ki te e wehi ki te wareware te tahi mea a koutou. Literature o Ancient Rus nui, nui, tuku iho. E pā ana Ko tōna takenga ki te rau tau 10, atu ïa ki tona mutunga ka, i muri i te whakatamarikitanga o Karaitiana rite te karakia kāwanatanga i roto i Russia timata ki te puta i te tuhinga o mua, me te mōhiohio tuhituhia i roto i Old Ekalesia Slavonic. Na roto i intermediation Bulgaria (i ko te puna o enei hua) kua piri Ancient Rus te tuhinga whakawhanakehia Byzantine me te tonga Slavic. āhua feudal arahina e Kiev ki te whakatinana i ō rātou ngākau nuitanga e Me ki te waihanga i ō rātou ake tuhinga, tomo momo hou. Ki te whakaritea te awhina o tuhinga mātauranga o te mea ïa, te whakaae o te kotahitanga tōrangapū, me te hītori o te iwi, me nga rangatira onamata, ratou faahaparaa o te totohe.

11 Literature - wawe senituli 13.

Kaupapa me ngā mahi o te tuhinga o tenei wā (te whawhai ki a Polovtsy me Pechenegs - hoariri waho, kōrero ngā take o te hītori Russian ki te pakanga te ao mo te torona o nga rangatira Kiev, te hītori o te kāwanatanga) whakaritea te āhua o te kāhua o te wa, i huaina D. S. Lihachev te historicism rahi. Chronicles hono te putanga i roto i to tatou whenua e ki te timatanga o te tuhinga Russian.

Kia mōhio hoki te hua, e taea te kitea i roto i te pukapuka matua "literature Russian Old" (Grade 6). Tenei "Tale o pahemo Tau", kua tae nei ki raro, ki a tatou hei wāhanga o te meatanga i muri. I whakaemi te reira i publicist me faihisitōlia moke Nestor i pā ana ki 1113. I te ngakau o te kōrero ko te pukapuka tuatahi, kahore i nei i ora. Tutorial "literature Russian Old" (Grade 6) hoki ngā tetahi hua ngā o te wa - "Poutohu o te Kozhemyako".

rau tau 11

rā te reira i i te ora rau tau tuatahi: Theodosius Pechersky, Boris ko Gleb. E āhuatanga ratou e whakarongo ki nga raruraru o tenei ra, te tino tuhituhi, te ora.

Ïa, te paari o te whakaaro tōrangapū, pūkenga kairīpoata me te tiketike o te urupa whaikōrero tohua "Malanga 'i ture ko te aroha noa," i tuhituhia e Hilarion i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 11, "Ko nga kupu me nga mau haapiiraa o" Kirilla Turovskogo (1130-1182 gg.). "Ture" Grand Prince o Kiev Vladimir Monomakh, e noho i roto i te wā i 1053 i te 1125., faaea i tangata hohonu, me te āwangawanga mo o te kāwanatanga te whakarau.

"Kia pa"

Ki te kore e whakahuatia o tenei mahi e kore e taea te karohia ina ko te kaupapa o te tuhinga te tuhinga Russian Old. He aha te mea te "Kia pa?" Ko te mahi nui o Russia tahito, hanga e te kaituhi unknown i roto i te 80 o te rau tau 12 tenei. oti rawa te kuputuhi e ki te kaupapa motuhake - he pakanga kāore i roto i te koraha Polovtsian i roto i 1185 Prince Igorya Svyatoslavovicha. He hiahia te kaituhi e kore anake te whakarau o te whenua Russian, ia manatu hoki nga ngā o te hakari, me te o te mua, na nga toa pono "o te kupu" - e kore e, Ikoa me Svyatoslav, nei hoki utua te rota o te aro i roto i te mahi, me te whenua Russian, te iwi - e hāngai ana te tahi mea i runga i nei te tuhinga Russian Old. "Ko te kupu" he tokomaha o nga āhuatanga e pā ana ki te tuku iho te kōrero o tona wa. Ko, pera i roto i tetahi mahi o te maramarama, kei reira ngā āhuatanga taketake, whakakitea i roto i te whakamahinetanga naki, momonatanga o te reo, te whakamahi o ngā tikanga āhuatanga o pakiwaitara, me ö, pathos ā, me te lyricism.

kaupapa National-tāmau whenua

whakaara ake te reira i roto i te ioka Tartar (i 1243 tae noa ki te mutunga o te rau tau 15) tuhinga Russian Old. He aha te mea ïa i roto i te mahi i tenei wa? Kia tamata o ki te whakautu i tēnei pātai. Kāhua historicism rahi riro tetahi mita expressive: te tuhinga rerekē lyricism, whai pathos fakamamahi. Ko te whakaaro o te mana kaha pokapū o te rangatira riro i roto i tenei wa o te faufaa rahi. I roto i te tahi mau kōrero me meatanga (hei tauira, i roto i "Te Tale o te whakangaromanga o Ryazan Batu") pūrongo e pā ana ki te mamae o te whakaekenga o te hoariri me te whawhai maia ki nga kaitukino o te iwi Russian. Ko te mea ïa whakakitea tenei. Ko te whakapakoko o te Pūkaro whenua, kitea he rangatira pai tino mārama i roto i te tuhituhi i roto i nga 70 o te mahi rau tau 13 "Te Life o Alexander Nevsky".

Ko te kaipānui "Tale o te ngaromanga hono o te Russian whenua" pikitia oroko te hanahana o te natura, rangatira o te kaha. Tenei mahi - e kore anake te Whatahoro kongakonga tino kuputuhi. Kei te whakatapua te reira ki te ngā o te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 13 - te wa o taimaha ioka Tartar.

kāhua New: whakaputa me te aronganui

I roto i te wā 14-50-doma. Kei te huri rau tau 15 tuhinga Russian Old. He aha te kāhua whakaputa me te aronganui i puta i tenei wa? whakaata te reira i te Māoritanga me te ngā o te feohi tawhio Moscow te raki-rawhiti Russia me te hanganga o te kāwanatanga Russian centralized. Na ka anga tuhinga ki te whakaatu moni i roto i te tangata, te hinengaro tangata me tona ao wairua i roto (ahakoa he reira anake i roto i te anga o te mahara fakalotu). Kua arahina tenei ki te hua i roto i te mahi o te timatanga tuakiri.

Na he kāhua hou - whakaputa me te aronganui, i roto i nei kia tuhia te reira te aravihiraa waha, me te "raranga o kupu" (i ko, te whakamahi o te tuhi, taonga). Kua hangaia ēnei tikanga hou ki te whakaata i te hiahia mo te whakapakoko o mana'o o te takitahi.

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te 15 - wawe senituli 16. i reira he kōrero e rā hoki i roto i to ratou aamu ki te huru novelistic o kōrero ā-waha ( "Te Tale o te Basarge Merchant", "Te Kōrero o Dracula" me ētahi atu). Tino nui haere te maha o nga mahi iritihia o pūāhua pakimaero, rawa noa i taua wa ko te momo kōrero (hei tauira, "te Tale o nga rangatira o Vladimir").

"Te Tale o Pita ko Fevronia"

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, mahi o te tuhinga Russian Old me tono e te tahi mau āhuatanga o pakiwaitara. I roto i te rau tau waenganui-16 Ermolai Erasmus, he kairīpoata Russian tawhito me te kaituhi, te hanga i te rongonui "Tale o Pita ko Fevronia", i te mea tetahi o nga tuhinga tino nui o te tuhinga Russian. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te kōrero e pā ana ki te āhua o te mea o tona kotiro maramarama kaiahuwhenua ka he rangatira i. Whānui e whakamahia ana i roto i te hua o tinihanga tino mīharo, oro, me taumu'a pāpori.

Āhuatanga o te tuhinga rautau 16

I roto i te rau tau 16 whakarei te āhua e pā ana o nga tuhinga e, te tapao o te tuhinga riro hakari me te kororia. He pera mahi, te whakaaro o e Common - te ture o te ora tōrangapū, ahurea, ture, me te rā. He tauira a Tūrongo - "Great Mo'ui Feia Mo'a", ko te kohikohinga o ngā tuhinga, arā, o 12 buka, i te tikanga nei mō te pānui kāinga mō ia marama. I te wa ano hanga reira he "Domostroy", e whakatakoto ana i roto i ngā ture o te whanonga i roto i te utuafare, whakarato tohutohu i runga i riko, me te i runga i te whanaunga i waenganui i te iwi. Ko te mahi hītori o te wā piki tomo tenenga i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i te kōrero kōrero whakangahau.

rau tau 17

tino mahi o te tuhinga Russian Old o te rau tau 17 ke. haamata te reira ki te hanga i pera-ka karanga koe o te wā hou. Ko reira te tukanga o te democratization, whakawhānui mahi kaupapa. Kei te huri te reira i te tūranga o te tuakiri i roto i te whakawhetai hītori ki te ngā o te kaiahuwhenua War (16 te mutunga -. wawe c 17), I tua atu i te Time o aue. Acts Borisa Godunova, Ivana Groznogo, Vasiliya Shuyskogo me ētahi atu tau hītori e faataa e inaianei te pai ai te Atua e kore e anake, engari ano hoki nga āhuatanga o te tuakiri o ia o ratou. He he he momo motuhake - pūhohe Manapori i taunu te Ekalesia me tikanga tūmatanui, ture (hei tauira, "He Tale o Shemyakin marae"), mahi tari ( "Kalyazin Pitihana").

", Life", kōrero whare Habakkuk

Kua oti te tuhituhi i te reira i roto i te rau tau 17 noho pukapuka mōna i roto i te wā i 1620 ki te 1682 tau. Avvakum - "Life." Kua whakaahuatia te reira i roto i te pukapuka "literature Russian Old" (māka 9). He āhuatanga o te kuputuhi he taonga, te reo ngahau, rā kōrero, pūpukapuka roroa.

I roto i tenei wā, i hanga, me te kōrero rā o Frol Skobeyev, Sawa Grudtsyn me etahi, e whakaata ana i te huru motuhake o te tuhinga Russian Old. He kohikohinga iritihia o kōrero poto me te pukapuka o te ope. Whakawhanake Prosody (kaituhi mohiotia - Sylvester Medvedev, Himiona Polotskits, Carion Istomin).

oti rau tau 17 te hītori o tuhinga tawhito, a reira mai te atamira i muri - te tuhinga o ngā wā hou.