Uara me parau tumu o te mahi o analyzers me rongo

mea katoa e noho i runga i te whenua e hiahia ana ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te taiao i roto i nei e ora kaiao ora, me te tangata he kahore okotahi. Ko te taea o te whiwhi mōhiohio e pā ana ki te taiao e whakarato ana tairongo pūnaha (pūoko). Tetahi mahi, ka tīmata receptor perception tairongo ki te pūngao whakahihiko me tona panoni ki ponana karere, a ka tuku i enei ponana i roto i te roro ara iahiko neural, e faafariu te ponana karere ki sensations motuhake, pērā i māna, olfactory, ataata, tūturu, me ētahi atu.

He aha te mea te analyzers me nga rongo tangata? I runga i tenei i muri mai.

i runga i analyzers

I roto i te ako o te whaiaroaro o ngā pūnaha tairongo academician Pavlov , IP hanga e ia he mahi o te analyzers. Ia analyzer e toru wehenga: ko te pokapū, piringa, me te pēne.

tohu He wahi piringa o receptors - kūmuri io e te hunga tairongo anake ki etahi whakaohooho momo whiriwhiri. E whakaurua ratou i roto i te rongo, ratou e ōrite ana.

Analyzers me okana rongo: ratou hanganga me te mahi

Ko te analyzer He hanganga angamaheni. Kei reira o te Tari receptor, te wahi conductive me te tari pokapū. Ka taea te māngai receptor te wahi piringa o te analyzer ranei rite te receptor. Ka kite ia a ka mahi tukatuka tuatahi o etahi mōhiohio. Hei tauira, kitea te poipoi tangi e te koromeke taringa, marama - pēhanga kanohi - receptors kiri.

I roto i te whēkau matatini o te tikanga (reka, kite, rongo), i roto i te tua ki te receptors, te aroaro o ngā hanganga pŭpŭ tauturu mō te perception pai o te faaitoitoraa me whakahaere te whanau, tiaki, me te tahi atu mahi. Hei tauira, te hanganga tautoko o te analyzer ataata he hakari kanohi, i te mau farii ohipa ataata - anake pūtau tairongo (rakau me te mahuetanga). Ka taea e receptors hei waho taiea, e kua whakaritea i runga i te ritenga mata tinana me kite te taiao o waho me te taiao ā-ā-Tārewa ritenga, i nga okana.

Kia pehea te he analyzers me rongo?

Division kaiwhakahaere analyzer whakaaturia muka io e whakahaere ponana karere i roto i te pūnaha io pokapū i te receptor (māna, olfactory, io whatu, me ētahi atu).

Central analyzer mua tohu etahi he wahi o te uho haaparuparu, i roto i nei te ariā me te tātari o ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana e te pūoko, me te tahuri i te reira ki sensations motuhake (olfactory, ataata, me ētahi atu).

Ka taea te huaina te tikanga matua mō te mahi noa o te analyzer te tapatahi o toru katoa o ona wehenga. Kia pehea te mahi i te rongo me analyzers? Atu i runga i taua i raro.

Ko te mahi o te analyzer ataata

Ko te wāhanga receptor o enei hanganga tohu te kanohi. tauhohe matū konei te hanga i te pini hiko e haere i roto i te karere whatu, a kua matapae i roto i te uho taupa kōpako.

Ko te mahi o te analyzer māna. taringa receptor konei. Ko te wahi i waho o te haere i te reira ki te tangi, mai te toharite i muri. neke te tohu haere i te io rongo ki te roro, ana matamata pae tino.

Mahi o te analyzer olfactory. hipokina ana te epithelium olfactory te membrane roto o te ihu. ka kite ratou i te rāpoi kakara, e te reira te hanga ponana io.

analyzers Work reka. Ratou puku reka e - receptors matū tairongo e whakautu ki ngā matū matū.

He tūturu, te pāmahana, analyzers te mamae - hoki ngā o receptors i runga i te kiri. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou i roto i te kōrero atu i te ariā o "rongo" a "analyzers".

okana o whakakitenga

tuku te nui nui rawa o te kōrero e pā ana ki te ao waho te ki te tangata i roto i te okana o aroaro, e ko, te kanohi, e ngā o te taputapu p∂p∂ tauturu, me te 'Afio. 'Afio kei roto i te wahi mua o te angaanga i roto i te hikinga-āmionga, tiaki ona kamo o runga me raro i te kino aunoa, me te te eyelashes me nga haurangi frontal, ihu me te malar wheua cranial.

Analyzers me hinengaro tangata ahurei.

I roto i Ko te kokonga o te turanga kanohi verhnenaruzhnogo repe lacrimal e te huna hoki inu lacrimal, roimata, whakahaere te kaupapa o nga kamo, mākū, i te mata o te 'Afio. I roto i te kokonga roto kei te haere ki te roimata i te taikaha, taka ana e ia ki te aerodynamics roimata me ka ki te kōhao nasal o nasolacrimal tau mahani. E ono uaua extraocular hono 'Afio, me te wheua taiepa o te āmionga, me tuku mo te kaupapa ake, ki raro, tītaha.

E toru taiepa anga 'Afio hanga: kaiota (waho), iaia (toharite), me te etine ranei reticulated (ä-). Ko te waho anga ko atu te wahi muri, hanga he mā karu (Tunica kiri mātotoru), haere ai ki te membrane mārama mua e he permeable ki te marama, - te taupoki io. Ko te matua o te teatea tiaki te kanohi, me te pupuri tona āhua. Eye atawhai nga oko toto, i te mea whai taonga i roto i te kamo. Iris, e ko, tona mua, pigmented, a ka whakatau i tenei te tae o te ngarahu, e kua he kanohi. Heoi whakaritea analyzers me whekau tairongo.

Ko te ruma mua o te kanohi

Ko te ruma mārōrō - te wāhi i waenganui i te iris me te taupoki io, vyazkovatoy ki tonu i te wai. Muri te iris ko te arotahi biconvex 10 mm te whānui o - arotahi rapa, me te mārama. Kei te piri te reira i ki te uaua ciliary, kei nei i roto i te kamo. Ki te heke te mānukanuka o te mea tuhonohono e te, i.e. te whakakahore te uaua ciliary, riro te tirohanga atu ohu nei e tika ana ki tona te manahautanga me elasticity, me te hurihia, riro te tirohanga nui i roto i amplification tensioning tuhonohono.

ki tonu te ruma muri o te mata i te wai, me te kei waenganui i te tirohanga me te iris. ki tonu hoki te te arotahi o te kōhao 'Afio ki te puranga gelatinous mārama, ki te tinana tangiwai pera-ka karanga, tikanga nei te ki mau tonu te āhua o te' Afio, hoatu a reira ngäwari me te, i roto i te tua, kia mau i roto i te whakapā ki te teatea me te etine kamo. Ko te parau tumu taketake o te mahi o nga okana tikanga me analyzers tenei.

Ko te etine

Retin-A, anga i roto kupenga-rite ranei ko te matatini te nuinga i roto i te hanganga. rārangi te reira i te taiepa o te 'Afio i te roto. Ko tōna riro te mau hopearaa karere o te karere whatu, receptor (photosensitive) ngā pūtau (rakau me te mahuetanga) me ngā pūtau pigmented e kua kei roto i te kahu o waho o te etine. tirohia kahu poke ngarahu Black te i roto i te whakatuwheratanga o te tauira. Here te pehea, ki te tono i te rongo me analyzers.

Eye whakaaro taputapu whatu. Ko tōna kei te marama-refracting pūnaha: te tinana tangiwai, te arotahi, te muri wai wai me ruma mua taupoki io. Ia huānga whatu o te pūnaha e tika ana i e refracted he hihi marama, hinga i runga i te etine me te hanga i te whakapakoko Taupokia ka heke o ngā kitea ki te kanohi.

He aha analyzers E hono ana rongo, kua riro te reira i teie nei mārama.

Ko te tikanga o te photoreception

Kei roto i te etine e pā ana ki 130 miriona rakau me 7 miriona te mahuetanga. Ko reira te ngarahu te mahuetanga iodopsin e taea ki te kite te tae i roto i te awatea. taea hoki te wehea ratou ki e toru ngā momo, he te tūtohutanga spectral ki tae puru, whero, me te matomato.

Ko te rakau me te mahuetanga (receptors photosensitive) ka whai wāhi ki hihi marama he tauhohe ahomatū matatini e kua haere tahi i te wāhinga o ngā uhi ataata ki te pūhui. whai wāhi ana tēnei ki te tauhohenga ahomatū o excitation, e tuku i runga i te io whatu ki te puka pini i roto i te diencephalon me midbrain (pokapū subcortical), a atu i roto i te taupa kōpako o te uho kaka me whakarerekētia i roto i sensation ataata. I roto i te pouri whakahokia ataata papura.

He aha te mea te rerekētanga i waenganui i te analyzer me te okana tikanga? Atu i runga i taua i raro.

Mana o Hauora

Ngā āhua e hāpai ki te tiaki o:

• Ko te puna te marama i runga i te maui;
• kia pai kia tahuna wāhi mahi;
• i te kanohi ki te arotake kia te tawhiti kaupapa e pā ana ki 30-35 henimita.

Reira arata'i hoki te ino o pānui i roto i te waka (mai i te tawhiti huri tonu i waenganui i te arotahi me te arata'i te pukapuka ki ngoikore elasticity ciliary uaua me te arotahi), e takoto ki raro ranei. kia tiaki te reira i kanohi ki tomo ki o te marama rawa kanapa, puehu, me te tahi atu matūriki. E kore whekau tikanga iti nui me analyzers. Ka taea ki te haere ia whakamātautau Biology.

okana o rongo

Hoki te okana rongo ko te taringa toharite, te wahi i waho, me te taringa roto.

Ko te taringa waho ngā te auricle me te awa māna waho, torino mutu. Ko te āhua o te pinna rite te kōrere titoa o kiko kaiota, hipokina nei ki te kiri, me te wheua ngohe. Ko te roa o te awa māna waho -. 2-5 cm repe Motuhake hongere tohaina pungatara wai Kaore, arai microorganisms me puehu. Ko te rapa me te kikokore ki te 0.1 mm torino whakatairanga te whakawhitinga ki te wiri tangi taringa waenga.

Kei te taringa waenga e muri i te torino i roto i te wheua pae tino o te angaanga. Tona kōhao tympanic he rōrahi o āhua 1 cm ^3, me te kei roto e toru ossicles: stapes, incus me malleus. I muri ngōrongo te hono (māna) ngongo ki te awa ihu tympanum. hāngai Pressure i runga i ngā taha e rua o te torino te roto i te ngongo māna, reira pupuritia hoki te tapatahi.

rahi Tino iti puka mekameka ossicles māna turanga ki ia atu. Kei te hono Malleus (rua waho) ki te membrane tympanic, me tona pane ki te paepae - te whakamahi i te tahi. Paepae, i roto i te tahuri, te piri ki te stapes, a reira - te taiepa o te taringa roto. Māna mahi ossicles taonga whakamana te 20 nga wa, me te tuku poipoi acoustic ki te taringa roto i te torino.

E rua matapihi (tatau) te taiepa i roto o te tympanum, e wehe nei i nga toharite o te taringa roto - porotītaha, me te a tawhio noa, raru membrane e membrane. Ko te membrane puta iti ovale kei stapes.

He tokomaha e hiahia i roto i te rongo me analyzers. Test i roto i te koiora, hei tauira, kei ngā pātai i runga i tenei kaupapa.

Kei te taringa roto te roto i te wheua pae tino, he reira he pūnaha o awa me kōwhao, ka karanga te poroiwi. Fakataha hanga e ratou he poroiwi a Ihakara, ka tū poroiwi membranous te roto i te reira. I waenganui i ki tonu poroiwi membranous me wāhi wheua te ki wai, ka karanga te perilymph.

ki tonu poroiwi Membranous roto te ki wai, ka karanga endolymph. E tohaina E toru tari i roto i te taringa roto: ko te koko, te awa ruawhetū me te whakamahau. Na roto i te rongo okana taea te pēnei koko anake - wheua hongere miro miro 2.5 hohoko. Kei te wehea te kōhao o te awa e toru nga wahi e rua kiriuhi.

Kotahi membrane, tito te membrane matua te o kiko tūhonohono, arā, o āhua 24 mano o muka iti o roa rerekē, me te whakarite transversely ki te akoranga o te koko. Ko nga muka roa rawa i te tihi o te koko, me te poto - i tona turanga. Enei muka e 5 nga rarangi zvukochuvstvitelnyh pūtau makawe ki te membrane paninga tipu i runga ia ratou. Tahi, enei āhuatanga kėia te okana o Corti, e ko te taputapu receptor o te analyzer māna.

Ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i te analyzer me okana rongo ko te analyzer e tango te mōhiohio i te okana rongo e te manako te reira i te ao i waho.

Ko te tikanga o te perception tangi

tango ngata wai hongere rerekē stapes, e kei i runga i te membrane matapihi porotītaha. arata'i tenei ki rerekē i roto i te muka te kōwarotanga membrane tuatahi. Tae atu te ware nui tangi take wiri o fibrils poto, e kua kei i te turanga o te koko, ia iti te ware ai he rerekē i te tihi o fibrils roa. pūtau Hair i te wa ano e pa ki te membrane hipoki, te huri tona āhua.

pūtau Hair, kōrero ki te paninga o te āhua huringa membrane. arata'i ana tēnei ki te tuku i te excitation ki te mesencephalon i te puka o ngātere o muka io rongo, me te ake i roto i rongo rohe o te uho kaka o te taupa pae tino, i reira excitation tomo te sensation māna. Ko te taringa tangata e taea kite oro ngā auautanga 20-20000 Hz.

Rongo Hauora Mana

Hei whakaora i te rongo, he mea e tika ana ki te ārai i kino pūkaha ki te torino. Me pupuri i taringa awa me taringa ma. Ki te whiwhi te taringa toenga o whanariki, he mea e tika ana ki te whakapā atu i te mātanga. Kaha me te roa haruru i te pānga te waipiro i runga i te okana o rongo. He mea tino nui ki te hamani maremare i roto i te wā, kia rite i roto i te kōhao tympanic roto i te pū taringa taea tomo huakita me te whakapataritari mumura. arotakehia matou analyzers me okana tikanga tangata.

atu analyzers

He hoki tūturu, gustatory me analyzers olfactory. pa i huaina kiri amuamu e rave rahi receptors. Taste receptors kėia piringa wehea analyzer reka (arero, mucosa-waha). Ko te pokapū teitei i roto i te roro. analyzer olfactory e tango mōhiohio i receptors kei roto i te mucosa nasal. whakawhanakehia te tino ngonge te tikanga o te kakara i roto i te tangata, pērā kararehe.

mahi Interesting o te taputapu vestibular, whakahaere te tūranga, me te takotoranga o te tinana i roto i te wāhi. Age me te ira pā te tōtika o analyzers. Hei tauira, wahine i te tikanga pai ake whakawhanakehia o kakara me te tirohanga o atarangi tae. te reka o nga tangata puku mahi pai.

Ko te uara o nga okana tikanga me analyzers

He tino nui mō te tangata ēnei whekau. Te kore ratou, e te mea uaua ki te ora. Ko wai te ruarua whakawhanakehia tetahi okana tikanga ranei e kitea ngā āhuatanga analyzer i roto i te whanaketanga me te tirohanga o te ao. e kore e ratou e arata'i ai ratou i roto i te wāhi. mahi Motor waimaero.