Uaua kikokiko: hanganga me te mahi. Āhuatanga o te hanganga o te uaua kiko

Plants me kararehe rerekē e kore anake i roto i te ahua, engari ano hoki, o te akoranga, ä. Heoi, ko te āhuatanga tino nui o te ora - he e he taea ki te neke mātātoa i roto i te wāhi kararehe. Whakaratohia he reira e tika ana ki te aroaro i roto i a ratou o te kiko motuhake - uaua. Ratou tango tatou i te titiro i runga i.

kiko kararehe

I roto i te tinana a te kararehe whāngote me te tangata e 4 ngā momo o te kikokiko ngohi te nga okana katoa me ngā pūnaha e hanga i te toto, me te mau ana i roto i ngā mahi faufaa.

1. Epithelial. Puka hipokina tinana kapi taiepa oko waho te ki kiriuhi mucous, hanga kiriuhi serous.
2. Nervous. Puka whekau katoa o te pūnaha ingoa taua, kua nga āhuatanga tino nui - excitability me te kawe ia.
3. Hononga. vai te reira i roto i ngā puka rerekē, tae atu ki te puka wai - toto. Forms nga tendons, mea tuhonohono e, apa ngako, whakakiia te wheua.
4. kiko uaua, hanganga me ngā mahi e taea ai kararehe me te tangata ki te mahi i te momo o nekehanga, me maha hanganga ā-- kirimana me te whakawhānui (nga oko, a na i runga i).
   

Ko te huinga tāpiripiri o katoa o enei momo whakarite i te hanganga noa, me te mahi o nga mea ora.

Uaua kiko: whakarōpū

He wāhi motuhake i roto i te kaha ururua tangata me te kararehe whai he hanganga motuhake. Ko tōna ingoa - i te kiko uaua. Te hanganga me te mahi o ona rawa taketake, me te ngā.

Mau, he heterogeneous tenei kikokiko, a he ona ake whakarōpū. kia whakaaro te reira i roto i te kōrero atu. He momo o uaua kikokiko, pērā i:

• maeneene;
• striated;
• ngakau.

Ia o ratou kua tona wahi o localization i roto i te tinana, me te mahi mahi pai-tautuhi.

Hanganga o ngā pūtau uaua

e toru katoa ngā momo o te uaua kikokiko i ratou hanganga āhuatanga. Heoi, ka taea e tetahi te tautuhi noa tauira pūrere pūtau o te hanganga taua.

Tuatahi, ko reira he āhua elongated (i ētahi wā ki runga ki te 14 cm), e ko, atu me te tinana uaua katoa. Tuarua, ko reira maha-matua, no te mea i roto i enei pūtau puta nga tukanga kōtuitanga pūmua tino kaha, hanganga me te whāwehe o ngā rāpoi ngota ATP.

Hoki rawa uaua hanganga kikokiko i roto i taua i roto i ona pūtau myofibrils i hanga kurupae rua pūmua - actin me myosin. whakarato rātou i te āhuatanga matua o tenei hanganga - contractility. Ia fibril miro-rite ngā here kitea i raro i te karu rite te marama ake me pouri. He rāpoi ngota pūmua enei, hanga te tahi mea, ano he whenu. hanga Actin te kanapa me te myosin - pouri.

Āhuatanga uaua kiko o tetahi momo i roto i taua ratou pūtau (myocytes) te hanga i te tautau katoa - paihere muka symplasts ranei. kapi ia o ratou kei runga i te tau tōpū roto initareti e fibrils, i te hanganga meneti ake ngā o pūmua whakahuatia i runga ake. Ki te whakaaro tatou ki te hanganga taipe o te huarahi, huri i te reira i roto i rite te matryoshka, - iti hoki atu, a na i runga i tae noa ki ngā te paihere muka rawa kiko tūhonohono wewete i roto i te hanganga whānui - he tetahi momo o te uaua kiko.

, Arā, he protoplast, Kei roto i te taiao ā-o te pūtau katoa o nga wae hanganga taua rite pai rite tetahi atu i roto i te tinana. Ko te rerekētanga - i roto i te nui o te karihi, me to ratou takotoranga kahore he i roto i te pokapū o te muka, a ka i roto i te wahi piringa. Hoki i roto i taua wehenga e kore he e tika ana ki te rauemi iranga o te matua, ka tika ki ngā pūtau motuhake, amo te ingoa o te amiorangi. He wāhanga o te myocyte membrane ratou me mātātoa te mahi i te mahi houtanga - ki te whakahoki kiko tapatahi.

Ko te āhuatanga o te kiko uaua

I tua atu i tetahi atu hanganga, enei momo o te kopa i ratou ake āhuatanga, i roto i te hanganga kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te mahi whakamana. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te kiko uaua i roto i nei e taea te mahi e ratou i tenei:

• ngä;
• excitability;
• kawe ia;
• lability.

Nā ki te maha nui o muka karere, oko toto me tōiti e whangai nga uaua, ka taea e hohoro ratou kite i te ngātere tohu. huaina ana tēnei taonga ko excitability.

Hoki ngā te uaua hanganga kikokiko taea ai te reira ki te whakautu hohoro ki tetahi ritenga, te tuku hoki i te torohaki i roto i te uho kaka me te ua. Ko te faaiteraa o te taonga kawenga tenei. Ko te tino nui tenei no te mea ki te kaha tauhohe ki ngā pānga te whakawehi (matū, aunoa, pūāhua tinana) - he condition nui mō te ora haumaru noa o tetahi rauropi.

heke tenei katoa hei katoa e ki te taonga matua, contractility - uaua kiko, hanganga me te mahi e mahi ai. riro te reira i te noho (controllable) ranei tumu (kahore he mana matau) whakaiti te whakapiki i te roa o te myocyte ranei. Ko e tika ana ki te pūmua myofibrillar (actin me myosin kakawaea) tenei. Ka taea e ratou totoro me thinning tata ki invisibility, a ka hohoro whakahokia tona hanganga.

Ko rawa tenei te kiko uaua o tetahi momo. Heoi hangaia mahi o te tangata, me te kararehe ngakau, o ratou oko o te uaua kanohi, tītaka aporo. Ko whakarato tenei taonga te kaha mo te kaupapa kaha, te kaupapa i roto i te wāhi. Ko nga mea katoa i kaha ki te hanga i te tangata, ki te kore e taea te heke ana uaua? Kaua rawa e whakaaro. Whakaara a raro i te ringa, peke, piko, kanikani me te rere, te mahi i te momo o mahi - e tauturu te reira katoa ki te hanga i te uaua anake. Ara myofibrils actin me myosin āhua hanga myocytes papanga.

Te taonga whakamutunga, e me e maharatia ko te lability. Ko tā te reira i te kaha o te papanga ki te ora hohoro i muri excitation, haere mai ki te mahi tino. Ka taea e myocytes pai te mahi i tenei axons anake - i te pūtau io.

Ko te hanganga o te kiko uaua, te kainga o nga āhuatanga whakarārangitia āhuatanga motuhake - te take matua mō te whakatinanatanga o te maha o ngā mahi nui i roto i te tinana o te kararehe, me te tangata.

papanga maeneene

Ko tētahi momo o te uaua. He takenga mesenchymal. Kei te whakaritea te reira i rerekē i te ētahi atu. Myocytes iti, paku elongated, rite thickened i te pokapū o te muka. Te rahi pūtau toharite ko e pā ana ki te 0.5 mm i roto i te roa me te 10 microns i roto i te whānui.

Protoplast e te ngaro o te sarcolemma. Ko te matua o tetahi mea, engari he rota o pungaraungao. Ko te localization o te rauemi ira, wehea i te karyotheca cytoplasm - i roto i te pokapū o te pūtau. whakaritea te membrane wē te nui noa, i kitea pūmua matatini me lipids. Tata marara te pungaraungao me te cytoplasm miofibrillnye mowhiti kei roto actin me myosin i roto i rahinga iti, engari rawaka ki te whakaiti kiko. kiriuwhi me Golgi matatini e rave rahi māmā, me te heke i roto i te rite ki ētahi atu pūtau.

Maheni uaua kikokiko i hanga kurupae myocytes (pūtau muka-āhua) whakaahuatia hanganga efferent innervated me muka afferent. Ko reira raro ki te whakahaere o te pūnaha io autonomic, arā iti, fiefia, kahore te mana matau o te tinana.

I roto i te tahi mau maheni uaua tinana i hanga e te pūtau kotahi takitahi ki ngā innervation. Ahakoa he onge tenei āhuatanga. I roto i te whānui, i reira e rua ngā momo matua o ngā pūtau uaua maeneene:

• myocytes secretory, ranei waihanga;
• maheni.

Malodifferentsirovanna rōpū tuatahi o ngā pūtau Kei roto te plurality o pungaraungao, faaite pai Golgi taputapu. Kei te mārama ata te cytoplasm paihere o myofibrils contractile me microfilaments.

Ko te rōpū tuarua o myocytes motuhake i roto i te ariā o polysaccharides me combinative matū macromolecular matatini, i nei hangaia ake collagen me elastin. hua hoki ratou he wahi nui o te taonga intercellular.

localization i roto i te tinana

kiko Smooth uaua, hanganga me te mahi e mahi ai, tukua ki a reira aro i roto i whekau rerekē i roto i te rerekē moni. Mai kore te mea kaupapa ki te whakahaere i te mahi a te tangata whakahaua (tona whakaaro) te innervation, a ka kia e tika ana te localization. Ko te hunga i:

• nga taiepa o oko toto me uaua;
• te nuinga o nga whekau;
• hiako;
• 'Afio me ētahi atu hanganga.

I roto i tenei whakaaro, ki te āhua o te mahi o te uaua maeneene - te iti-tere.

mahi

Ko te hanganga o te kiko uaua haamau te ōhakitia tika i runga i nga mahi mahi ratou. Ko te kupu, e hiahiatia ana te uaua maeneene te mo te ngā mahi e whai ake nei:

• whakatinanatanga o te hukihuki, me te whakangā o te uruhi;
• hukihuki me roha o te lumen o toto me te te tīpona oko;
• nekehanga o te kanohi i roto i ngā tohutohu rerekē;
• mana o te āhua o te tōngāmimi, me te tahi atu whekau tuwhera;
• whakarato i te tauhohenga ki te mahi o hormones me ētahi atu matū;
• tukanga ukanga me te kōrero nui o te excitation me hukihuki.

Gallbladder, pūruatanga wahi pekitīlia o te whēkau, tōngāmimi mimi, waitinana me te matua toto oko, uaua, me te tokomaha drugieorgany - e taea ki te mahi tika anake i te āhuatanga o te uaua maeneene ratou. Whakahaere, kotahi he tino motuhake he rahui.

kiko uaua Striated

e kore e ngohengohe ki te whakahaere i te taha o te ngakau o te tangata nga momo i runga o te uaua kikokiko, a he kore kawenga hoki tona kaupapa. Ko reira te tūturu o te puka o muka - striated.

Tuatahi matau tatou, hoki te mea i ratou i homai tenei ingoa. A, no te tirohia i roto i te karu ka taea e koe te kite e enei hanganga i te striations motuhake puta noa etahi whenu - te actin pūmua me kakawaea myosin e hanga ake myofibrils. Ko te take mo te taua kiko taitara.

Cross-uaua kikokiko ko myocytes kei roto he plurality o otaota me e ko te hua o te hanumi te maha ngā hanganga pūtau. whakaritea ana tēnei āhuatanga e te ngā "symplast" ranei "syncytia." muka Āhua māngai roa, pūtau porotakaroa elongated, taonga intercellular noa piri tūhonohono. E te ara, i reira ko te kikokiko e ngā te anga mo te wahapū o myocytes katoa. Roaa te reira i te uaua maheni. kiko tūhonohono - te pūtake o te taonga intercellular, e taea e rua mātotoru me te wewete. Reira hanga hoki he momo o tendons, i nei piri nga uaua kōhiwi striated ki te wheua.

Myocytes whakaaro papanga engari o rahi, he tonu he torutoru āhuatanga:

• pūtau sarcoplasm kei roto nui o myofibrils ngāwari wehea me microfilaments (actin me myosin i pūtake);
• E ngā hanganga raraunga ki ngā rōpū nui - te muka uaua, i roto i te tahuri i hanga tika rōpū rerekē uaua kōhiwi;
• He maha karihi pai whakahuatia reticulum me taputapu Golgi;
• pai whakawhanakehia maha pungaraungao;
• kawea innervation te roto i raro i te mana o te pūnaha io somatic, e te mea aau;
• Ko te muka rohirohi tiketike, Heoi, me mahi rawa;
• lability i runga toharite, ora nohopuku i muri i hakoko.

I roto i te tinana o te kararehe, me te tangata uaua striated he whero. faataa tenei e te aroaro o myoglobin i roto i te muka - he pūmua motuhake. hipoki ia myocyte ngā kitea i te waho anga mārama - sarcolemma.

I te kuao tau o te kararehe, me te tangata uaua kōhiwi i roto atu mātotoru kiko tūhonohono i waenganui i myocytes. Ki te wahi o te wā, me te hoholo e whakakapi i te reira e te wewete, me te ngako, na riro nga uaua flabby me ngoikore. I roto i te whānui, uaua kōhiwi e ki runga ki te 75% o te taimaha katoa. Ko ia te kikokiko o te kararehe, manu, me te ika, e kai te tangata. Ko te tiketike rawa uara kai tōtika e tika ana ki te ihirangi tiketike o ngā pūhui pūmua.

He momo o te uaua striated, i roto i te tua ki te kōhiwi, ko te ngakau. Ka taea te faaite Āhuatanga o tona hanganga i roto i te aroaro o e rua ngā momo o ngā pūtau: pūtau uaua noa me cardiomyocytes. Ko te tikanga i te hanganga ano rite te kōhiwi. Te kawenga mō te hukihuki motuhake o te ngakau, me ona oko. Ko cardiomyocytes - huānga motuhake. Ko ratou he nui iti o myofibrils, a reira, actin me myosin. fokotu'u mai tenei he kaha iti ki te whakaiti. Otiia e kore e ko te take to ratou mahi. Ko te tūranga matua - te mahi o te excitability o te ngakau, te automaticity mahi naki.

i hanga kiko uaua cardiac e Pekanga toutou o ona myocytes mema me te tuitui muri ki te hanganga whānui o te manga. Tētahi atu rerekētanga i te uaua kōhiwi striated - i roto i taua i roto i nga pūtau cardiac karihi, i roto i tona wahi pokapū. ngā wāhi myofibrillar paetata i runga i te taha.

E whēkau puka?

uaua kōhiwi katoa o te tinana - he reira kiko uaua striated. Ripanga e whakaatu ana i te localization o te kopa i roto i te tinana whakaaturia, kei te raro nei.

Ko te uara mō te rauropi

Ko te tūranga e rave uaua striated, he uaua ki te pe si◊aki. I muri i te katoa, ko ia te kawenga mō te āhuatanga motuhake tino nui o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe - te kaha ki te tango i te kaupapa hohe. Ka taea e te tangata te hanga i te rota o te whawhe tino mātanga, me te kuware, a ka whakawhirinaki katoa o ratou i runga i te mahi o uaua kōhiwi. whai wāhi tokomaha te iwi i roto i te tino whakangungu ratou uaua, kei te hanga i tenei he whakawhetai angitu nui ki nga āhuatanga o te kiko uaua.

A feruri i te mea te tahi atu mahi e whakamana e te uaua striated i roto i te tinana, me te kararehe tangata.

1. Kawenga mō motu kanohi matatini, faaiteraa o kare, tohu o mana'o matatini.
2. E tautoko ana i te tūranga o te tinana i roto i te wāhi.
3. Mahi mahi tiaki puku (i te mahi hangarau e).
4. uaua cardiac whakarato te hukihuki naki o te ngakau.
5. E whai wāhi uaua kōhiwi i roto i mahi o horomia, i whai ahua ai te taura waiata.
6. Whakarite i te kaupapa reo.

Ko te kupu, ka taea e tatou e faaoti i te whai ake: te kiko uaua - nui ngā āhuatanga hanganga o tetahi tinana kararehe, homai ia etahi aravihi ahurei. Āhuatanga me te hanganga o ngā momo rerekē o uaua whakarato nga mahi faufaa. Ko te hanganga pūtake o tetahi myocyte uaua takoto - muka i hanga i kakawaea pūmua o actin me myosin.