Upoo- Toto. Ko te kaupapa o te coagulation toto

Ko tētahi o nga tukanga tino nui tupu i roto i to tatou tinana he upoo- toto. Kaupapa ka whakaahuatia te reira i raro (rite whakaratohia mō ngā take maitai, me whakapakoko). A mai ko te tukanga matatini tenei, he mea e tika ana ki te whakaaro i te reira i roto i te taipitopito.

Pehea i tupu i te reira?

Ko te kupu, te kawenga mō te tu toto te tukanga tohua, puta tika ki te kino ki tetahi ki tetahi wae o te pūnaha iaia o te tinana ranei.

I roto i ngā ohie, e nehenehe tatou e wehewehe toru ngā wāhanga. Tuatahi - whakahohenga. I muri whara ki te oko timata ki te puta tauhohe muri, e te mutunga arahi ki te hanganga o pera-ka karanga prothrombinase. Tenei - he matatini arā, o te V me X coagulation āhuatanga. Kei te hanga e te reira i runga i te mata o te phospholipid membrane mōtepe.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua - coagulation. I roto i tenei taahiraa, i hanga pūtōtepe te i pūtaitoto - tiketike pūmua taimaha rāpoi e ko te pūtake o clots toto, me te takanga o e whai wāhi upoo- toto. Ko te kaupapa e whakaratohia ana i raro whakaatu tenei wāhanga.

Na rawa, tuatoru te wā. Ko tā te reira i pūtōtepe katinga hanganga, āhuatanga e te hanganga mātotoru. E te ara, ara i te horoi me te whakamaroke ka taea ki te whiwhi "rauemi" ka te nei whakamahia mo te faaineineraa o kāri horomata me kiriata mō te tu e fānoa 'meinga e whaturama o oko iti i roto i ngā mahi hāparapara.

Mō tauhohe

Runga ake ko reira whakaahuatia poto te upoo- o toto. Te kaupapa, i te ara, i whakawhanakehia hoki i roto i te 1905 he kaiputaiao-coagulation ko Paora Oscar Morawitz. A e kore e mate ano ia tona hāngaitanga ki tenei ra.

Ko kua puta ke nui mai 1905 i roto i te māramatanga o te coagulation toto rite te tukanga matatini. Ngā mihi ki te ahunga whakamua, o te akoranga. i taea e ki te whakatuwhera i pinepine o tauhohe hou me pūmua e whai wāhi i roto i tenei tukanga Scientists. Na inaianei kaupapa Niniiraa atu noa o coagulation toto. Ngā mihi ki a ia perception me te māramatanga o tenei tukanga matatini whiwhi he iti māmā ki te matau.

I taea te kite i roto i te pikitia i raro nei, he aha kei te tupu mooni "hanga i roto i runga i te pereki." Ka mau ia ki pūkete te pūnaha ā-roto, me te waho - toto me te kiko. Hoki ia deformation tautuhi āhuatanga puta tika ki te kino. Te kino pūnaha toto tono taiepa iaia, collagen, protease (kia u paru), me catecholamines (neurotransmitters rāpoi ngota). kitea ana te kikokiko te kino pūtau rite ki te hua kotahi haere thromboplastin o nei. I te mea he stimulator nui o tukanga upoo- toto (te kore i huaina coagulation). haere ia tika ki te toto. Ko tona "ara" tenei, engari kua ia he pūāhua ārai. I muri tīmata reira tukanga upoo- thromboplastin. I muri i tona tukunga i roto i te toto haamata whakatinanatanga o te toru ngā wāhanga i runga ake.

wā

Na, he aha e pā ana ki te mea he upoo- toto, kua awhinatia te kaupapa ki te matau. Na e hiahia ana ahau ki te kōrero i te iti e pā ana ki te wā.

Ko te tukanga katoa e te mōrahi o te 7 meneti. pumau te wāhanga tuatahi i rima ki te whitu. I roto i tenei wa, i hanga prothrombin. Tenei taonga ko te ahua o te hanganga pūmua matatini kawenga mō te rere tukanga o te toto coagulation me thickening kaha. I whakamahia e te tinana i roto i te tikanga ki te thrombus hanganga. clogs ia te pae pakaru, na e mutu te toto. Katoa e te reira 5-7 meneti. Ko te wāhanga tuarua, me te tuatoru tango te wahi nui tere. Hoki 2-5 hēkona. No te mea te wāhanga o te toto coagulation (kaupapa i homai i runga) pā i te tukanga e puta, puta noa. Na te tikanga e i te pae te whara tonu tenei.

Prothrombin, i roto i te tahuri, whakaputaina i roto i te ate. A e tona kōtuitanga wā. Kia pehea te hohoro te whakaputa nui prothrombin, tei reira ki runga ki te nui o te huaora K roto i te tinana. Ki te ngaro te reira, ka mutu i te toto uaua. A ko reira te raruraru nui. Mai kore o te huaora tohu K te takahi o te kōtuitui o prothrombin. Na tenei - ko te mate ki te kia tukinotia.

kōtuitanga stabilization

Well, Ko mārama te kaupapa whānui o te coagulation toto - inaianei kia hoatu etahi whakarongo ki te kaupapa mo te aha kia meatia ki te whakahoki i te nui e hiahiatia ana o te huaora K i te tinana.

Hei timata ki - ki te kai tika. kitea te nui rahi o te huaora K te i roto i te tea matomato - 959 micrograms ia 100 karamu! E toru nga wa atu, rokohanga, atu i roto i te mangu. No te mea kia kaha inu i te reira. Mahi kore tau'a me huawhenua - kōkihi, kāpeti ma, tōmato, pī matomato, aniana.

Kei roto i te kai hoki huaora K, engari i roto i te katoa e kore - anake i roto i te mīti kāwhe, mīti ate, reme. Ko te mea whakamutunga e tito reira o karika, karepe, waiu, aporo me karepe.

Heoi, ki te he nui te āhuatanga, ka ka kia uaua he momo o tahua ki te āwhina. Tikanga, kaha tūtohu tākuta ki ngā tou kai ki taero e whakaritea ratou. Ki te maimoatanga e kore kia roa. E mea titauhia rite wawe tonu ki a ia mo haerenga toto upoo- tikanga. whakaritea te talena maimoatanga te he tākuta tonu, a kua here i hoki reira ki te whakatupato aha e taea e tupu ki te tau'a ore tatou i te tūtohutanga. A ka taea e waiho te mau hopearaa i te pōrearea ate, syndrome trombogemorragichesky, anemia whakarihariha, puku mate me te kino wheua pūtau wheua kakau.

kaupapa Schmidt

I te mutunga o XIX rautau noho te physiologist rongonui me MD. ko tona ingoa Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmidt. noho ia hoki 63 nga tau, me te nuinga o te wa i oti rawa ki te ako o ngā raruraru hematology. Ko ia āta ako te kaupapa o te upoo- toto. whakahaere ia ki te whakatū i te āhua enzymatic o te tukanga, kia e te kaipūtaiao whakaarohia e ia he whakamārama ariā. E āta whakaatu te kaupapa e whakaratohia ana i raro upoo-.

I roto i te wahi tuatahi i reira ko te whakaiti o te oko pakaru. Na, i roto i te situ i hanga koha wewete, te plug mōtepe tuatahi. Na ka whakapakeketia te reira. Reira hanga thrombus whero (te kore tuku ki rite te katinga toto). I muri e te wāhanga tino ranei reira rewa.

I roto i te tukanga, whakakitea etahi āhuatanga upoo-. Te iahiko i roto i tona ahua fafauhia whakaatu hoki ratou. E tohua ratou e nama Arabic. Na i reira ko te katoa o 13. A me ki atu ki ia o koutou.

āhuatanga

He taiawhio oti o te coagulation toto e taea kahore rārangi ratou. Well, kia tīmata ai ki te tuatahi.

Factor ahau - ko te pūwētoto pūmua taekore. Synthesized i roto i te ate, rewa i roto i te plaza. Factor II - prothrombin, e kua oti whakahuatia i runga ake. Ko tōna kaha ahurei ko ki te here katote konupūmā. A ko reira na te wāhinga o tenei taonga i hanga whākōkī upoo-.

Factor III - he mea he pūmua matatini lipoprotein, kiko thromboplastin. Ko tōna huaina te waka o phospholipids, cholesterol, triacylglycerols me te ake.

Tētahi atu take, IV, ko Ca2 + katote. Ko te hunga e hono ana i raro i te mana o te pūmua taekore. E whai wāhi ana ratou i roto i maha tukanga matatini, i roto i te tua ki tuli i te secretion o neurotransmitters, hei tauira.

Factor V - globulin reira. E te hua ano i roto i te ate. Kei te hiahiatia te reira mo te here o corticosteroids (matū hormonal) me ratou transportation. Factor VI etahi wa i reira, engari ka i whakaritea e te reira ki te haere atu i te whakarōpū. No te mea kua kitea e pūtaiao - ngā reira te V. tauwehe

Otiia kihai te whakarōpūtanga i te huri. No te mea i muri i V haere tauwehe VII. Kei proconvertin, i nei i hanga te whai wāhitanga prothrombinase kiko (wāhanga tuatahi).

Factor VIII - he pūmua faaite e te roto i te mekameka taua. E mohiotia ana ko anti-hemophilic globulin A. Ko reira no te mea o tona kore o te whakawhanake i te onge, riro mate, pērā i hemophilia. Factor IX Ko te "e pā ana" whakahuatia i mua. Mai tenei globulin antihemophilic B. Factor X - tika globulin, synthesized i roto i te ate.

Na rawa, te toru ngā whakamutunga. Tenei take Rosenthal, Hageman me pūtōtepe stabilization. Ko ratou, i roto i te töpü, pā te hanganga o intermolecular here me te mahi noa o te tukanga pērā i upoo- toto.

ngā Schmidt taiawhio katoa o enei āhuatanga. Na tino matatau tai'o ratou ki te matau pehea he matatini te tukanga whakaahuatia me he maha ngā tikanga.

pūnaha anticoagulative

kia hoki tenei ariā kia tuhia whakarongo. whakaatu hoki kaupapa te rere o te tukanga - te upoo- pūnaha whakaahuatia i runga. Ko te pera-ka karanga "protivosvortyvanie" e hoki wahi.

Hei timata, kia tuhia te reira e i roto i te akoranga o te kukuwhatanga, kua faatiti'aifarohia pūtaiao e rua raruraru rawa ritenga. i whai ratou ki te feruri i roto i - pehea te tinana te whakahaere ki te ārai i te matamua o te toto i oko toto pakaru, a ko te kupu ki te pupuri i te reira i roto i te āhua wai i roto i te katoa? Well, ko te whakatau o te raruraru tuarua te kitea o te pūnaha anticoagulation.

Ko te huinga motuhake o pūmua wē i he ahei o te whakaiti i te auau o te tauhohe matū. Ko aukati.

A i roto i tenei tukanga wāhi antithrombin III. Ko tōna mahi matua, ko te ki te whakahaere i te mahi o etahi āhuatanga e ngā he hoahoa o te coagulation toto. He mea nui ki te whakamārama: e kore e whakahaere i te reira i te hanganga o te katinga toto, a ka faaore whākōkī faufaa, mau i roto i te bloodstream i te wahi i reira i hanga ai ia. Te aha e mea e tika ana? Hei ārai i te horapa o te mafiti toto i roto i te wāhi toto e i pakaru.

huānga ārai

Korero e tohu te pūnaha o te coagulation toto (whakaaturia iahiko te runga ake), kia kia tuhia tiaki e taonga rite heparin. Ko te glycosaminoglycan waikawa-whanariki kei roto (he momo o te hukarau).

Tenei - te anticoagulant tika. Taonga whakatairanga pūnaha inhibition mahi coagulation. Raha te reira i te tukanga o heparin clots toto. Kia pehea te e tupu tenei? Heparin whakaiti noa te mahi o te thrombin i toto. Heoi, ko tenei - he taonga tūturu. A hopoi mai te reira painga. Ki te whakamōhio tatou te anticoagulant ki te tinana, Ka taea e whai wāhi ai ki te faaitoitoraa o te antithrombin III me te lipoprotein lipase (whākōkī e awhi pāhare - te puna pūngao matua mo nga pūtau).

Na, Kei te maha whakamahia heparin i roto i te maimoatanga o ngā āhuatanga thrombotic. tetahi o ona rāpoi ngota anake e taea te whakahohe i te maha nui o antithrombin III. Fakatatau ki ai, Ka taea te whai whakaaro mai heparin rite te whākōkī - rite i roto i tenei take i te mahi mau he rite ki te pānga meinga e ratou.

He atu matū ki te mahi taua, i roto i roto i te wē toto. Tangohia, mo te tauira, α2- macroglobulin. whakatairanga ia i te rärangi o te katinga toto, pānga te tukanga o te fibrinolysis, tavini rite waka mo te katote 2-valent, me etahi pūmua. Na inhibits tonu matū whai wāhi i roto i te upoo-.

ngā huringa i kitea

Tera atu ano tetahi mita e kore e whakaatu i te kaupapa tuku iho o te coagulation toto. Ko taua te whaiaroaro o te tinana e he tokomaha o nga tukanga whai wāhi huringa matū kore anake. Engari tinana hoki. Ki te taea e tatou mau te upoo- ki te kanohi tahanga, e kite koe i e i te āhua o platelets i te tukanga o te huri i te reira. riro ratou pūtau porotaka ki tukanga spinous angamaheni e he tika mo te whakatinanatanga o te whakawhāititanga kaha - te whakakotahi i te āhuatanga ki te kōwae kotahi.

Otiia e kore e katoa te e. No te mea platelets i roto i upoo- tohaina matū rerekē - catecholamines, serotonin, me ētahi atu Na roto i te take o te lumen o oko toto, i pakaru nei, whāiti. Nā ki i reira he he ischemia mahi. heke Toto supply ki te wahi papaka te. Na, i runga i, te niniiraa taua āta heke ki te iti. homai tenei te taea ki te aukati platelets wahi pakaru. Ko ratou, i te utu o ratou tukanga spinous, me te mea "piri" ki te taha o nga muka collagen, e kua kei i te taha o te motu. mutu te tuatahi, te wāhanga whakahohenga roa tenei. oti ia te hanganga o te thrombin. Aru e te hēkona i te torutoru wāhanga o coagulation me retraction. Na te atamira whakamutunga - i te faaho'iraa mai o te tohanga toto noa. A ko taua mea o te faufaa rahi. Mai te whakaora tonu o te patunga e kore te mea taea kahore he supply toto pai.

whai hua ki te mohio

Well, te tahi mea rite tenei i roto i nga kupu, me te rite te hoahoa māmā o te coagulation toto titiro. Heoi, i reira e he torutoru onäianei, e hiahia ana ahau ki te mōhio i te aro.

Hemophilia. I reira i whakahuatia i runga ake. Ko te mate rawa kino tenei. Tetahi tangata toto, mamae ratou, ite pakeke. whakawhanake mate tuku e tika ana ki hē i roto i te pūmua whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga upoo-. Rapu taea e te reira tino ohie - i te motu iti ngaro te iwi i te rota o te toto. Na noho te rota o te wā ki te mutu i te reira. A ki nga momo tino nui o te toto e taea te tīmata hoki e kore take. Iwi e mate ana i te hemophilia, kia kia ngohengohe ki te hauātanga wawe. Mai toto auau i roto i te uaua kiko (kanokanototo noa) i roto i te hononga - e kore ko reira nohinohi te. ahakoa te tukinotia reira? Ki te etahi uaua. He tangata e mooni hamani koutou tinana rite te oko he pakarukaru, a nga wa katoa kia tupato. Ki te puta toto - he hiahia akiaki ki te whakauru kaituku toto hou, e kei te XVIII tauwehe.

Ko te tikanga ka pā te mate tangata. A haa wahine rite kawe o te ira hemophilia. Te mea faahiahia, i taua te British Koroleva Viktoriya. tuku tetahi o ana tama mate. Ko te tahi atu e rua he unknown. Mai hemophilia, i te ara, kei te maha i huaina te mate te kingi.

Ko reira he take ritenga. E pā ana tēnei ki te nui haere upoo- toto. Ki te puta te reira, me hoki te tangata ki te kia i te iti rawa tika. upoo- nui haere tohu te mōrearea nui o clots intravascular. Ko Toke nga oko katoa. Mea pinepine pea te tupu he Thrombosis, tahi e mumura o nga taiepa rua. Ko tukinotia tenei koha te māmā. E mea pinepine, na te ara, te reira te te hokona.

E mea maere te nui kei te tupu i roto i te tinana tangata, ka tapahia te timatanga ia he wahi o te pepa. E nehenehe te reira i te roa te wa ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o te toto, upoo- me ona tukanga e haere tahi i te reira. Ko te kōrero tino ngā, me te mārama te whakaatu ona kaupapa e whakaratohia ana i runga ake. Ki te okiokinga, ki te hiahiatia, e taea te uru takitahi.