Utu tata - he aha te mea tenei?

Hoki ia wāhanga o te hanganga mahi tātai e te kaupapa haumi. whakaahuatia te reira i roto i te taipitopito te rauemi whare e tika ana katoa mo te hanganga, mahi me te namanama. he ona ake ingoa tenei tātai taipitopito - te utu tata o te hanganga.

whakamāramatanga

Ko te utu tata - ko te nui o pūtea e hiahiatia ana mo te hanganga o te whare. Kei roto te reira i te utu o pütea te hanga, utu o te mahi kirimana, te utu o te hoko i te taputapu, tuku me te tāuta. I runga i tata hangaia pūrongo me ngā mahi aro mātai o ngā rōpū hanga.

Ko te utu tata - ko te pūtake mo te tātaitanga o te uara pukapuka o whakaurunga i whakahau. Kei te tatau te reira i runga i te pūtake o:

1. Mahi tuhinga, pikitia, pire o hanganga, te hanga o matua, te tuhipoka whakamārama ki te rauemi.
2. ture o nāianei, hoko utu o ngā taputapu, me te rārangi.
3. Whakatau o tinana āhua o te whare tēnā.

tikanga tātai

Kei te whakamana faaotiraa o te utu tata o te rauemi, he taupū he tikanga turanga-taupū ranei. I roto i te take tuatahi i mahi reira tātaitanga o te ōwehenga o utu o nāianei mō ngā rauemi ki te ture o ratou utu. I te wa ano te tikanga taupū tā te tātai ngā. E whakaae Rauemi mo e reira he utu mākete, i te tautaha reiti toharite. Kua whakatakotoria hoki atu rauemi katoa taupū o te utu tata o te kaikirimana. Ki te kore e wātea ana, ki te āhuatanga kia whakaaetia e te mana kāwanatanga. E whakahoutia Rārangi whakatau tata uara faafariuraa ia hauwhā. He tikanga taketake tā te ako whaihuanga ki te tātai i te taupū o ngā huānga utu.

hanganga

i hanga te utu tata o te hanganga i te utu o:

• hanga o ngā whare;
• hoko me te tāuta o ngā taputapu;
• atu utu.

A feruri ia o nga mea timatanga i roto i te taipitopito atu. mahi Construction ngā mahi ā-iwi (kohatu, te whenua, te raima) i runga i te hanga o te whare, me te tāuta o ngā hanganga. Here hoki ngā whakaritenga roto, o waho engineering (paipa, ventilation me te rerenga parukore me te ētahi atu.).

Ko te rōpū tuarua ngā te tāutanga o te taputapu, hangarau hononga waea, te mana supply. Ko te utu tata o te hanganga me te tāuta mahi ngā te hoko me ngā utu transportation o rauemi, tohu-ake o te tari supply, tatau i utu taketake. Ko te rōpū o te tahi atu utu ngā te utu o te hoahoa, te whakangungu, tiaki o te rōpū hanga, te whakahaere, me te whakahaere o ringarehe me ētahi atu.

momo o tata

i hanga te katoa utu o te mahi kei te i tahua rohe, utu whakaurunga, mahi takitahi, tātaitanga whakarāpopototanga. tata Local - ko te tuhinga taketake, hanga nei i runga i te pūtake o te pukapuka obscheploschadochnye mahi rēhita i roto i te tānga. Kei roto i tēnei tika, nga rererangi me te whakamahere utu.

Kei te hanga e hāngai ana tātaitanga o te taonga i runga i te rohe. Kei roto te reira i taua āhuatanga rite te nui o te utu, te utu o te mahi o te mīhini, taputapu, me te hanga utu, utu waka, ngā raruraru. Ki te kotahi anake te momo o te mahi, e kore te mea e wātea ana te hiahia mo te tata utu taipitopito.

whakatau tata ahanoa ngā whakatōpū pūrongo i runga i te faaineineraa o te pae hanga, ngā kaimahi, ngā wāhi taketake, whare, pŭpŭ tauturu, whakaurunga ratonga, whakaurunga pūngao; whakaurunga o te wai, wera me te supply hau, parakaingaki; whenua; te tirotiro hangarau ki te ahanoa; te tahi atu mahi. He putanga raina motuhake te nui o utu i möhio. Ko te tātai o te uara tata i runga i te pūtake o ēnei tātaitanga.

tohu pūtea

Te huri i te utu tata taea e tika ki te utu e möhiotia ana, me te ki te huringa i roto i utu mō ngā rauemi. Na reira, i te wā hoahoa e tatau te katoa whakaritenga haumi: Q = Ref + + Ssmr tangi + Ref.

I roto i tenei tātai, Ref - he tātai o te hoahoa me te rangahau mahi, Ssmr - te utu o te whare, me te hanganga mahi, tangi - tata mo te tāutanga o te taputapu, Ref - te nui o te tahi atu utu. Heoi whakaritea te utu e te hanga o te whare.

Ko te whai wāhitanga o ngā kamupene hanga whakaata Ssmr tauwehe. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te tātai whānui mo te utu: Ssmr = Utu o mahi + Profit = Materials + utu + Hekenga + taputapu Profit

momo o utu

Ko te utu tata - ko te utu whakaritea. Kei te tatau te reira i runga i te kaupapa o te kuputohu, i te kāwai i te hoko utu kaihanga ranei. E hanga e utu hua i runga i te wahi i reira ko nga taonga i te wa o tona tuku ki te kiritaki rānei:

• kaiwhakarato whare putunga;
• waka (FCS);
• teihana Wehenga (SVR);
• teihana ūnga (BCH);
• i runga i-pae rokiroki;
• pae hanga.

Ia o enei momo ngā te utu o nga momo o mua, me te tūemi utu atu. Ko te utu o te whare putunga o te kaiwhakarato ngā nga utu o te whakangao me ngā rauemi rokiroki. e FCS ki pūkete nga utu o te uta i te rauemi ki te taraka, vso - kai pereoo, BCH - tuku o rauemi ki te tauranga. Ko te momo whakamutunga e rua o utu ee moni o moni mo te transportation o ngā rauemi mata ki te whare putunga i runga i-pae pae hanga ranei.

tātaitanga o te utu

whakaturia te utu e ia wae o te rauemi raw. Kei te tatau te reira e te tātai: UCM = OP + T + Haumarutanga + TM + TP + C. Here OP - ko te utu rarawe o ngā rauemi, T - utu tākai, SC - tawhē hokohoko, TM - tikanga mau ohipa, TP - te utu o te kaipuke, C - utu rokiroki.

E tangohia utu Wholesale o rauemi mata me ipu i ngā kohinga rārangi o kaiwhakanao ranei. E riro tawhē Marketing ki pūkete rite te ōrau o te utu. E riro utu kaipuke ki pūkete ki te papatipu kerekere. utu whare putunga e whai ake nei paerewa: Construction Products - 2%, hanganga whakarewa - 0.75%, taputapu - 1.2%.

E te aroaro utu whakatau tata mo te hariata o taonga i roto i te kohinga taua. Kei a ia ko e rua nga wahi: he transportation tereina, ara, me te moana. Ia o ratou, i roto i te tahuri, kei tariffs hoki te uta me te unloading o nga taonga, i runga i te momo o te tākainga me waka rānei. kawea Tātai anō utu tata o nga utu waka (ia 1 ton) i roto i runga i taua hātepe:

1. whakatau te reira i te momo o te utu hoko o te kohinga.
2. Te tauwhāiti aratau o waka.
3. Ki te reira w / d transportation, he reira kia tukua atu te puka, whakapūtā te auau, te tere o te utanga o.
4. whakanuia ana te moni tatau e te whakarea whakawhitinga ki te taimaha kupenga, papatipu kerekere.
5. I te ara kī waka ekenga kawenga piha me ngā tahua.
6. take te ako Tatau mo whāwhā.
7. Kua oti te whakarite e te utu o te transportation.
8. Tātaihia te tapeke utu o te 1 ton.

E wehea rauemi kawemai ki (sima, whakarewa, putorino, karaihe, me te pera i runga i. N.) A rohe (pereki, hanganga raima, rongoā, rukerukenga al.). Shipping utu o te rōpū tuatahi o ngā hua ko runga ake i te rua.

utu Reipa

Ko te utu tata - te utu i te utu kore anake o ngā rauemi, engari ano hoki rauemi tangata. whakaritea utu i te tohutoro tāke-tohu. E whakaatu ana te reira i te tere o te rere. Ngā Tahua mō te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua, me te mōrearea kei i 12% ki te 24%. Ko te hātepe papatono mō te tātai i te whakapaunga mahi utu ko e whai ake:

1. tikanga Rauemi: utu = (s tūturu / n papatipu cf. ..) / (marama Rahi Toharite haora.).
2. I te uara tata o: 3arplata = (C + M) ∙ I. Here C me M - te nui o te whakapaunga i runga i te kaupapa mo te utu o nga kaimahi hanganga me ngā mīhini, me - te taupū o te taumata o te whakapaunga.
3. Rasperedelenie utu: utu = T * ((C1 * Kd * K * K * Cr + P) / maha o haora o te mahi). I roto i tenei tātai T - ki utu mahi te mahi i te mahi motuhake, he C1 - auau tāke o te kōeke 1, K - tāke whakarea Kd - utu tāpiri whakarea Kr - whakarea rohe Kn - moni auau, P - atu utunga i hanga i te utu o utu.

I roto i te raupapa taua whakaritea e te utu mahi.