Vilfredo Pareto: haurongo, nga whakaaro taketake, mahi nui. Theory o Vilfredo Pareto whiriwhiri

Vilfredo Pareto (tau o te ora - 1848-1923) - he sociologist rongonui, me te ohanga. Ko ia tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o te ariā o kiea, rite ki nei hapori kua he āhua pyramidal. I te tihi o te tara, ko te whiriwhiri, i te nuinga whakatau te ora o te hapori rite te katoa. Otiia e kore e anake i rite te kaihanga o te ariā mohiotia Vilfredo Pareto. Ka whakamōhio koe tona haurongo ki te ora, me te i te whakatutukitanga matua o tenei mataotao.

Origin, tamarikitanga

whanau Wilfredo i roto i te utuafare pai, e noho i roto i Paris. Ko tona papa he Tuhinga Italian, whakahekea i Itari i te whakapono Republican me ohaoha. Pareto whaea o iwi French. Wilfredo, he tamaiti matatau i roto i ngā reo e rua o tonu ratou matua ite nuinga Italian, nui atu i te Wīwī. I roto i te 1850, ka whakaaetia te whānau ki te hoki ki Itari, ka ko reira ki i hono tenei whenua ki te ora i mua nei o Vilfredo Pareto (tamarikitanga, te taiohitanga, me tetahi wahi o te wā pakeke).

hanganga

Kua riro Pareto e rua mātauranga tuarua puāwaitanga hangarau, me te fakaetangatá. Kua whakakitea e ia he moni, me te hehema mo pāngarau i roto i ona akoranga. ka tonu Wilfredo ana akoranga i roto i Turin, te University Kuratini o, i muri i nei riro ia he tohu i roto i te engineering. awhina Pareto i roto i te tau 1869 tuhituhinga i runga i te mau parau tumu o te taurite o totoka. Na ka te ariā o te taurite e tetahi o te kī i roto i ona mahi ōhanga, me te oraraa totiare.

Life i roto i Florence

Florence Ko te wā i muri o te ora o Vilfredo Pareto. I karangatia e ia i konei mo te tūranga o te mataaro rerewhenua. I muri i te i ka Pareto te kaiwhakahaere o te otaota metallurgical kei puta noa Itari. E tenei wa tona mahi ki te kāwanatanga Italian whaia he kaupapa here militaristic. Pareto faaite te whakaaro ohaoha, me te manapori.

Events i roto i tona ora whaiaro

I roto i te 1889, ka moea e te Vilfredo kotiro Russian-whanau Aleksandre Bakuninoy. Heoi, i mahue tana wahine ia i roto i 1901 ka hoki ki a Russia. He tau i muri mai, hono ia tona ora ki Jeanne Régis, ki i tukua putia e ia tona mahi matua, tuhituhia i roto i te 1912 ( "pukapuka i runga i General Sociology"). I whakaputaina te reira i roto i Florence i 1916.

Taunga ki te mahi o economists Italian, te huringa i roto i te whakapono

Pareto i roto i 1891 ka mohio ki te mahi o rua economists Italian rongonui, L. Walras ko M. Pantaleoni. i te ariā o te taurite ōhanga, whakawhanakehia e ratou, he mana nui i runga i te ao Wilfredo me muri i hanga te pūtake o tona ake pūnaha oraraa totiare. E nga 90 wawe o te rau tau 19 no ki te whatinga Pareto whakapono. timata te pūtaiao ki te tūranga me te haratau antidemocratic. I roto i te wā i 1892 ki te 1894 whakaputaina Pareto te maha o ratou rauemi i runga i te ariā ohaoha.

Noho i roto i Switzerland

I roto i te 1893, he wā hou i roto i te ora o te kaiputaiao Italian. I taua wa, oho ia ki Switzerland, te wahi ka ia ahorangi o ōhanga tōrangapū, me te te matenga o te tari i te University rohe o Lausanne. i whakakapi Pareto e L. Walras, tino i roto i tenei tūranga ohanga pai-mohiotia. haere Wilfredo i tona mahi me e o tona fakaafe ki te haere mai ki a Lausanne. I tenei wa, ako tokomaha Pareto pūtaiao me kua whakaputaina he maha o ana mahi. I roto i Switzerland, i reira ko tona "Course o Economy tōrangapū" (1896-1897), te tuhituhi i roto i French. Fakataha ki te Pareto whakaako ōhanga tōrangapū i roto i te 1897 tīmata ki te pānui i i te University o Lausanne me te akoranga pāpori. He tau i muri mai, riro ia riro āhua nui i tona matua keke. I te 1901 ka hokona e ia te pātū Pareto "Angora", kei roto i Tamarau, i runga i nga takutai o te moana o Geneva. Ko tona wahi tino mō te okiokinga me te mahi. I roto i Paris pukapuka i whakaputaina Pareto "pūnaha hapori" i roto i te 1902 (whakaahua i raro nei).

I roto i te Milan i roto i 1907 whakaputaina e ia "Te Textbook o Tōrangapū Economy" Vilfredo Pareto. Meiha mahi riro te reira i te rota o te notoriety, engari ko tona mahi tino nui ano ki te haere mai.

"Pukapuka i runga i General Sociology"

a Wilfredo ki kia haukotia i roto i 1907, e whakaako ana ngā mahi e tika ana ki te mate ngakau. I muri i te ia, ua ia pai hauora, whakaturia ia ki te mahi i runga i te "pukapuka i runga i General Sociology". Tenei mahi 5 tau tuhituhi Wilfredo, i 1907 ki te 1912. I roto i te 1916 tū ia tona whakaputanga tuatahi i roto i Italian, a i roto i te 3 tau whakaputaina "pukapuka" i i roto i French. Vilfredo Pareto i tenei wa tae noa mahi i te mutunga o ona ra rangahau anake i roto i te mara o te pāpori. I te University o Lausanne i 1918 i whakanuia e ia tona tau te 70raa.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

sociologist Italian i roto i te tīmatanga o te 1920 whakaputaina e rave rahi mahi ngā, me te nui. I roto i te 1921, whakaputaina "huringa manapori" i i roto i Milan i e kua whakatakotoria i roto i roto i whakarāpopototanga hanga i te whakaaro taketake katoa o tenei kaiputaiao. Sociologist i te maha o ana i tuhituhi ai pukuaroha ki te fascism Italian, i faaite ia tautoko wä. Ko reira i tenei wa, i roto i 1922, ka haere Mussolini (whakaahua i runga ake) ki te kaha i roto i Itari. Kua whakahonoretia e te kāwanatanga hou Pareto, he tokomaha o ona ngā mema, tae atu i te Duce ia, whakaaro ratou akonga o Wilfredo. Pareto i roto i 1923 ka e ia he toofa o te rangatiratanga Italian. Na ka mate ia i roto i Tamarau, a tanumia konei.

Ngā take mō te pāpori

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, Pareto rawa mutunga tahuri ki te pāpori, kua he tohunga pai-mohiotia i roto i te mara o te ōhanga tōrangapū. Ki te mea ko te take? Pea, e mutu Wilfredo ki makona i te ariā o "tangata ōhanga", ko wai i he rationalist, a i roto i nei he kaipūtaiao mahi mo te wa roa ako i te mākete heriheri, me te te tohatoha o te moni i roto i te hapori, me etahi atu raruraru ohaoha. Ahakoa i roto i whakapumautia i roto i te mutunga o te 19 - wawe senituli hono 20 mahi moni kitea o te kaituhi ki te tauira hou o te tangata. I roto i te tonu, kua whakatinanatia tenei moni kua i roto i te "pukapuka i runga i General Sociology" - te nuinga (e pā ana ki 2000 api o kuputuhi).

Kore o te tauira rationalist

e kore ko Pareto i faaoti tupono ki whakarere i te anö i te wa o te tauira rationalist o te tangata, ahakoa ko ia hoki nga tau maha ona kaitautoko. E ai ki tenei tauira, ko te takitahi mahi tuatahi whakaaro, ōrite ki te whāinga anga ratou ka ka mahia mahi e arahi ki to ratou paetae. E ai ki a Pareto ariā, ko mau mea katoa te ritenga atu. Tuatahi, mahi he tangata i raro i te mana o te ngākau nuitanga me mau mana'o o etahi mahi, a ka anake whakamārama ratou, e tohe mo te tika me te plausibility o ngā whakamārama. I roto i tenei, i ata korero, whakaturia ana e ia tetahi o nga ariā matua Wilfredo - te ariā o ngā mahi kore-arorau.

Heoi, e kore e te pūtaiao haere i runga i te tikanga noatia o mahi tangata. I te anga ke, tamata ia ki te whakapakari i rationalism, tahuri te reira ki te "ultraratsionalizm" ina ngā te a'oraa arorau kore anake, engari ano o te mātakitaki me te whakamātau ki te maka atu i te kākaá e whakamahi iwi ki te tinihanga ia ratou me ētahi atu, e ngana ana ki te huna i te mana'o turai tūturu o ratou ake whanonga me ngā mahi.

Kia whakaaro inaianei tatou te ariā e e mohio ana he tokomaha te ingoa o te pūtaiao rite Vilfredo Pareto.

Ko te ariā o kiea

Pareto Ko te kaihanga o te ariā o kiea. korero ia o ratou huringa tamau. History o Italian kaihōpara ingoa whiriwhiri urupā, tokoiti fana'o, whawhai hoki mana e haere mai ki reira, te whakamahi i te mana, me te whakakapi i tetahi atu tokoiti. Wilfredo tuhia e kiea i te haafifi i ki peka. I roto i te tahuri, "neelity" E taea e ki te hanga i ō rātou riiwhi tika. He nui tenei no te mea tamariki maha kahore e whai i te mau huru kōhure o ratou matua. Ko te hiahia mo te tohanga tamau o te kiea me te huringa tika ki te meka e te ngaro te hunga i roto i te mana pūngao, i awhinatia riro ratou i te wahi i raro i te ra.

huānga

takakawe ana te Kamupene mo te taurite pāpori, whakaratohia nei e te pāhekoheko o ngā ope. ka karanga Pareto te huānga kaha. Wilfredo e 4 huānga matua: hinengaro, pāpori, ōhanga me te tōrangapū.

ōritenga hinengaro o te tangata

Theory o Vilfredo Pareto utu tokanga makehe ki taumu'a o whanonga tangata, na kaupapa here mo te pūtaiao Italian ko te nuinga he mahi o te hinengaro. Mā te whakamahi i te tātari o tōrangapū me te hapori huarahi hinengaro, faataa Wilfredo ōritenga hinengaro o te iwi te momo o ngā pūtahi pāpori. tuhia e ia e ko te hapori kanorau, engari rerekē takitahi morare, i te pae tino, a-hinengaro. Ka taea e tatou amo e Wilfredo whiriwhiri tautuhia e ngā āhuatanga hinengaro hohonu. whakapumautia ratou pūnaha wāhi whakatauranga ara rangatira i te taha o e tāutuhia ngā kaha tangata i roto i tenei taua ao o te mahi ranei.

Tuku i te mana pūpuri whiriwhiri?

Kei te wehea Elite ariā Pareto ki 2 wahi: "nepravyaschuyu" me "tikanga". Last i roto i te whakahaere, me te tuatahi ko matara i te mana whakatau-hanga. tū piha iti i roto i te kaha te wahi mo tona kaha, a tetahi wahi no te mea o te tautoko o te pǔpǔ o te tavini. Heoi, ka rite ki Vilfredo Pareto kite, e ariā o kiea i roto i te taipitopito tika ai te hāngai reira "whakaae rauemi" matua i runga i te kaha o te hunga i roto i te mana ki te riria etahi atu o ratou ake tika. Ko te tūponotanga o te kawenata, i whakapono ia, tei runga i te kaha ki te rāwekeweke i te kare me mau mana'o o te mano. Heoi, e kore e whakaaro i te āwhina tonu ki te pupuri te mana, a reira, me kia rite ki te mahi me te kaha te whiriwhiri.

E rua ngā momo o kiea

I roto i te ariā, Pareto whiriwhiri tu 2 o tona momo "pokiha" me "raiona". Ki te he pūmau te pūnaha tōrangapū, te wā e "raiona". titau pūnaha iu kotiti, innovators, whika hihiri, na reira e "pokiha". Whakakapinga o tetahi whiriwhiri i tetahi ko te hua o te meka e ia o enei momo o kiea he ona painga. Heoi, mutu ratou i roto i te wa ki te whakatau i nga hiahia whakahaere o te puranga. reira titau pūnaha Rokiroki taurite rerekē whiriwhiri tamau rite puta ratou i mua i tukurua āhuatanga.

Ture Vilfredo Pareto

Ko tetahi ngā kitea Wilfredo tenei. Kore, ka karanga ai ko te 20/80 parau tumu, e aore parau tumu Pareto. Ko reira he tikanga o te koromatua, rite ki nei 20% o te kaha e hoatu a matou 80% o nga hua, me te toe 80% - 20 anake%. Hei kingi taea te whakamahi Vilfredo Pareto rite te tautuhinga taketake i roto i te āhuatanga tātari tōtika o te mahi ngā, ko tona whakaaro ko ki te arotau i te hua. E ai ki te ānau Pareto e tika i te iti rawa i te mahi tino nui whiwhi tatou i te wahi nui o te hua katoa. He atu whakapainga penei whai hua, a kia kia ore.

Ko te whika hua i roto i te ture, o te akoranga, e kore e taea e tika rawa. Ko reira pai te tikanga o te koromatua. Te tohu i te tau 80 me te 20 - he takoha ki te hua o Wilfredo, e whakakitea te tohatoha moni o whare i roto i Itari. tuhia e ia e hāngai 80% o te moni i roto i te 20% o te mau utuafare.

O te akoranga, korero matou anake i roto i ngā whānui e pā ana ki te koha ki te pūtaiao, i whakaurua Vilfredo Pareto. timata whakawhetai Sociology ki tona mahi ki te whakawhanake kaha. Ko te aro o maha kairangahau i unu ki reira. Vilfredo Pareto, ko te whakaaro taketake tonu e hāngai ana i tenei ra, ko reira tetahi o nga sociologists tino rongonui, me economists o 19-20 tenetere.