Waikawa Nitrous. Āhuatanga matū, ōkiko

waikawa Nitrous - he waikawa monobasic ngoikore, e taea te tīariari anake i roto i te memeha wairewa waiwai, me te puru i roto i te puka hau. huaina ana tēnei ko te tote nitrite nitrite ranei. He paitini me te nui atu pūmau atu te waikawa iho ratou. Ko te tātai matū o tenei rauemi, ko e whai ake: HNO2.

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko:
1. papatipu titiwha he 47 g / mol.
2. Ko te taimaha rāpoi he 27 amu
3. Kiato ko 1.6.
4. Ko te ira whakakoero, ko te 42 nekehanga.
5. Ko te wāhi e koropupu ko 158 nekehanga.

āhuatanga matū o te waikawa Sinks

1. Ki te hana i te otinga waikawa Sinks te, i reira ka kia te tauhohenga matū e whai ake nei:
3HNO2 (waikawa Sinks) = HNO3 (waikawa hauota) + 2NO (hauota waikura tukua te rite hau) + H2O (wai)

2. dissociates te wairewa, me te ngāwari ngā i te tai o te waikawa kaha:
H2SO4 (waikawa pungatara) + 2NaNO2 (konutai nitrite) = Na2SO4 (konutai ngāwhā) + 2HNO2 (waikawa Sinks)

3. Ka taea e te mea i raro kia tatou e rua hei oxidizing me ngā āhuatanga whakaiti. A, no te kitea ki te māngai oxidizing kaha (hei tauira, māota, hauwai H2O2, pāhare) Kei te oxidized ki te waikawa hauota (i roto i ētahi wā i te hanganga o tai waikawa hauota):

Whakaiti āhuatanga:

HNO2 (waikawa Sinks) + H2O2 (hauwai) = HNO3 (waikawa hauota) + H2O (wai)
HNO2 + Cl2 (māota) + H2O (wai) = HNO3 (waikawa hauota) + 2HCl (waikawa pūmāota)
5HNO2 (waikawa Sinks) + 2HMnO4 = 2Mn (NO3) 2 (konupora pākawa, nitric tote waikawa) + HNO3 (te waikawa hauota) + 3H2O (wai)

āhuatanga oxidizing:

2HNO2 (waikawa Sinks) + 2HI = 2NO (hāora waikura, i roto i te hau) + I2 (iodine) + 2H2O (wai)

Takanga o te nitrite

Ka taea te whiwhi i tēnei rawa i roto i te maha o ngā huarahi:

1. waikura, no te rewa hauota (III) i roto i te wai:

N2O3 (hauota waikura) + H2O (wai) = 2HNO3 (waikawa Sinks)

2. waikura hauota, no te rewa (IV) i roto i te wai:
2NO3 (hauota waikura) + H2O (wai) = HNO3 (waikawa hauota) + HNO2 (waikawa Sinks)

Whakamahia o te waikawa Sinks:
- diazotizing amines tuatahi kakara;
- production o Mariao diazonium;
- i roto i te kōtuitui o ngā pūhui matū waro (hei tauira, mo te hanga o ngā waikano waro).

Mārakerake ki te waikawa Sinks i runga i te tinana

Ko te taonga, ko te paitini, he pānga kanapa mutagenic, rite tino he kaihoko deaminated.

He aha te mea te nitrites

Nitrite - He ngā tai o te waikawa Sinks. K ki te pāmahana e iti pūmau i te pūhau. Hiahiatia i roto i te hanga o te tahi mau waikano. Whakamahia i roto i te rongoā.

O ngā faufaa ki konutai tangata whiwhi nitrite. Tenei taonga kua te NaNO2 tātai. whakamahia te reira i rite te rokiroki i roto i te ahumahi kai i roto i te hanga o ngā hua i ika, me te kai. Ko reira he puehu o te ma parakore ranei paku kowhai. nitrite konutai hygroscopic (anake te konutai nitrite e purea) me te pai rewa i roto i H2O (te wai). I roto i taea ki te āta oxidize te rangi, ko te konutai pākawa, kua he āhuatanga whakaiti kaha.

whakamahia Konutai nitrite te i roto i:
- kōtuitanga matū: ki te whiwhi i te pūhui diazo Amen ki wetehohe konutai azide te taikaha ki te whakaputa i te hāora, hauota waikura, te konutai me te konutai, mo te absorption o te hauhā;
- Production o te kai (kai tāpiri E250) hei antioxidant me te kaihoko antibacterial;
- Construction: rite ārai makariri tāpiri ki ngā hanganga raima i roto i te hanga o ngā hua hanganga me te, i roto i te kōtuitui o ngā pūhui matū waro rite inhibitor waikura kōhauhau, i roto i te hanga o rubbers, poppers, tāpiritanga otinga hoki explosives; ka tukinotia te whakarewa te ki te tango i te apa tine, me mo te phosphating;
- i roto i te pikitia: kia rite ki te antioxidant me te kaiwhakahohe;
- i roto i te koiora me te rongoā: he vasodilator, antispasmodic, wāhine, bronchodilator; hei raau mō te pau kararehe cyanides tangata ranei.

Kei te inaianei ano whakamahia te reira e te tahi atu tai o te waikawa Sinks (hei tauira, pāhare pāporo nitrite).