Tātaihia taea katoa. huānga o combinatorics

pūrere i roto i te ao presupposes te oraraa o te momo nui o ngā me ngā taonga. I te wa ano io pūtaiao e te pūtake o tenei nui ko te huinga o te maha etahi o ngā wāhanga. Hono i roto i te tikanga rerekē, enei poraka ko te pūtake mo te waihanga hoahoanga o te ao huri noa ia tatou. Ko te ako o te maha o nga rerekē katoa taea o te huinga o te ngā wāhanga whai wāhi i roto i te pāngarau, i roto i ngā tona wāhanga huaina combinatorics.

Ko te kupu, kia rite ki ngā o ako uara motuhake manakohia, he plurality (kōwhiringa raupapa, ngā, whakawhiti me te whakanohonga o nga huānga) me waiaro ki runga ki a ratou (kia kōwhiri wāhanga). huānga combinatorics i te hononga tata ki te āhuahanga, me te taurangi, tata waiho e ratou te pūtake mō ngā tātaitanga i roto i te ariā o te tūponotanga. Whānui whānuitanga o ngā mara rerekē o te matauranga e taea ki te whakaaro i waho te whakamahi o tenei mara o pūtaiao. Ko te peka tino rongonui o pāngarau i timata i roto i te ahupūngao tauanga, te iranga, me te pūtaiao rorohiko.

Na te timatanga o tona wā, "combinatorial" e i 1666. I roto i tona mahi "Discourse i runga i te toi combinatorial" whakatakotoria mathematician Leibniz te turanga mo te whanaketanga atu o tenei peka o te pāngarau.

Tino maha, ki te whakamahi i te wā "combinatorics", tango ki pūkete te wāhanga nui whānui o pāngarau motuhake, e ngā, hei tauira, te ariā o kauwhata.

Elements o combinatorics te maha aroaro rite te tauira o whirihoranga combinatorial. Accommodation, whakatikatika, huinga, hanganga me te arai tau ko nga wāhanga matua, e kua kitea i roto i te ahua o te mau parau tumu o tenei peka o te pāngarau.

Whakanohonga - he huinga whakahau o te maha etahi o wāhanga no ki te huinga, me te tokomaha pai-tautuhi o ngā huānga. Raupapa i huaina whakatupato ia huinga o te maha whakaritea o huānga. huinga Combinatorics - he huinga o tangohia te maha o ngā tūemi ngā i roto i te raraunga. Ka tautuhi he rerekētanga anake i roto i te tikanga o nga mea timatanga, engari ko ratou te hanganga ano, ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i te huinga me te whakanohonga tenei. Ko te maha o ngā tei runga i te rahi o te huinga me te maha o ngā huānga hanga ake te huinga, i nei e riro mo te faaineineraa o mea tauira combinatorial.

Whakaaro i te ariā o te hanganga o, tangohia reira katoa ka rite ki te kanohi o te nui whakahau i te tau tōpu pai. Ko te wawahanga o - ko tetahi whakaaro pehea tona moni disordered o tau tōpu pai.

Kei te whānui ngā huānga o combinatorics whakamahia i roto i te mara ngā o te matauranga. I te wa ano e ia i tenei wahi o te pāngarau haere te taua whanaketanga whakaari kua whakahohea e te mōhiohio mea putu i roto i tenei mara ki te tohatoha pātaki.

Whakaaro i te wāhanga ako e tika ana "tatauria combinatorial" (quantifiable), tango ki pūkete te whakawhitinga tatau te maha o whirihoranga taea (hei tauira, kōwhiringa raupapa), e kua hanga e i te āhuatanga o huinga tahuti ranei. Ko reira taea te uta o etahi here. Ko ētahi o ēnei invisibility ranei āhuatanga kitea, faahiti i te taumira o te taua āhuatanga, me pera atu.

Ki te tātai i te maha o whirihoranga, te whakamahi i te ture puāwaitanga o te tua me te whakarea. Elements o combinatorics i tenei wāhanga o te ako e whakamahia ana ki te whakaoti i te whānui o ngā mahi whānui.

Ko te combinatorics hanganga tapiritia he maha o ngā take o te kauwhata ariā, whakaatu ana te mana o te ariā o matroids. I roto i te wāhanga o te ako te miramira hoki combinatorics tino, Ramsey ariā, tūponotanga, āhuawhatunga, combinatorics infinitary.