Ko te uruhanga autō o te taonga

Ko te hononga i waenganui i te papa autō (H) me te kiato rere autō āhuatanga (B) i roto i te rauemi e te rahinga-tinana i huaina uruhanga autō. pūmau autō whanganga te ōwehenga o te B ki H. E ai ki te Pūnaha International o Units te i roto i te waeine i huaina 1 Henry ia mita - uruhanga o te reo.

He uara tau whakahuatia e te ōwehenga o tona nui ki te nui o tona uruhanga autō o te mārua, me te te tohu e μ. huaina ana tēnei uara ko te whanaunga autō uruhanga (uruhanga ranei) o te reo. Pehea he whanaunga, kua reira kahore wae.

Na reira, ko te autō uruhanga μ whanaunga - uara whakaatu e hia ngā wā i roto i te mara whakaurutanga o te reo, ko te iti (ranei atu) o te mārua arataki papa autō.

A, no te kitea ki te taonga, e tau magnetized reira e te papa autō waho. Kia pehea te e tupu tenei? E ai ki te whakapae a wae iahiko, i roto i te mea katoa o komuhumuhu tonu ngā hiko mōkitokito meinga e te kaupapa o ngā irahiko i roto i ratou āmiotanga me te aroaro o ratou ake kau autō. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, he disordered tenei kaupapa, me te mara "tineia" (whakakore) ia atu. A, no te whakatakoto i te tinana i roto i te mara waho te tono ngā, me riro magnetized te tinana (m. E. He tona mara).

matū katoa he rerekē te uruhanga. I runga i te uara o reira, wehenga kaupapa ki ngā rōpū nui e toru.

I roto i te uara diamagnetic o uruhanga autō μ - he iti iti iho i te kotahi. Hei tauira, bismuth μ = 0,9998. Na roto i te diamagnetic he konutea, mata, kiripaka, toka tote, parahi, karaihe, hauwai, benzene, te wai.

Ko te uruhanga autō o paramagnetic wae paku nui (mō te μ = 1,000023 konumohe). Tauira o te paramagnetic - konukōreko, te hāora, Tungsten, ebonite, konukawata, hauota, rangi.

I te pae hopea, no te toru o nga rōpū he maha o ngā matū (te nuinga konganuku me alloys), nei autō uruhanga ko tino (e rave rahi whakahau o nui) nui kotahitanga. Ēnei matū - ferromagnets. Fele konei ngā konukōreko, rino, hinu me o ratou alloys. Hoki maitai μ = 8 ∙ 10 ^ 3 mo te koranu nika-rino μ = 2.5 ∙ 10 ^ 5. riro āhuatanga e te wehe ratou i te tahi atu matū Ferromagnetic. Tuatahi, E ratou he aukumetanga wäriu. Tuarua, ratou uruhanga ko te mahi o te parae whakaurutanga waho. Tuatoru, mo ia o ratou i reira he he tetahi pāmahana paepae, ka karanga te wāhi Curie i nei ngaro reira ona āhuatanga ferromagnetic me riro paramagnetic. Hoki wāhi nika Curie - 360 ° C, mo te rino - 770 ° C.

Ko te āhuatanga o ferromagnets whakatau uruhanga kore anake, engari ano te ahau rahi, tuku ki rite te magnetization o te taonga. Ko te mahi nonlinear matatini o te arataki autō tenei, whakaahuatia tupu te raina magnetization i huaina magnetization ānau. Ko te kupu, ka tae tetahi wāhi, te magnetization ngā mutu ki te whakapiki ake i (puta waiwai autō). i huaina uara backlog magnetization ferromagnetic i te tipu nui o te waho papa autō arataki te hysteresis. I roto i tenei take, i reira he he fakafalala o te ferromagnet o te āhuatanga autō e kore anake i runga i tona āhua i te kau, engari ano hoki i runga i tona magnetization mua. i huaina māngai kauwhata o tenei mahi kōpiko te hysteresis koropiko.

Nā ki ona āhuatanga, rauemi ferromagnetic noa whakamahia i roto i te toi. E whakamahia ratou i roto i rotors o motors me generators, i roto i te hanga o otaota mai hiko me tānga hiko, i roto i te hanga o ngā tūemi o rorohiko hiko. Ko te āhuatanga autō o ngā rauemi ferromagnetic e whakamahia i roto i te rīpene tuhi, waea, rīpene me ētahi atu pāpāho rokiroki.