Hanganga, Mātauranga Tuarua me ngā kura
Waikawa: tauira tepu. āhuatanga o te waikawa
Waikawa - he pūhui matū e he nehenehe o hoatu te katote electrically whakatupato (te māraa) hauwai enei, a farii i rua vzaimodeystvuschih irahiko, reira hanga he here kotuari.
I roto i tenei tuhinga whakaaro tatou te waikawa taketake, whakaako nei i roto i ngā akomanga tuarua o ngā kura tuarua, me te ako maha meka ngā pā ana ki ngā waikawa. Puta.
Waikawa: Momo
I roto i te matū i reira ko te rota o te momo o te waikawa, i whai āhuatanga rawa rerekē. Whārangi wehewehe ihirangi waikawa tënei o hāora, i runga i te pähekeheke, memehatanga i roto i te wai, kaha, te pūmautanga, no ki te piha o pūhui matū waro inorganic ranei. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka titiro tatou i te tepu e he hakari i te waikawa tino rongonui. Ka taea e Ripanga te āwhina mahara koe te ingoa o te waikawa me tona tātai matū.
| tātai matū | Ingoa o te waikawa |
| H 2 S | sulfide hauwai |
| H 2 SO 4 | pūngāwhā |
| HNO 3 | hauota |
| HNO 2 | Sinks |
| HF | hydrofluoric |
| HCl | tote |
| H 3 PO 4 | phosphorous |
| H 2 CO 3 | waro |
Na, katoa mārama kitea. E whakaatu ana tēnei ripanga te pai-mohiotia i roto i te waikawa ahumahi matū. E tauturu i te tepu i te rota tere ki te mahara ingoa me ngā tātai.
waikawa hydrosulfuric
H 2 S - hauwai sulfide he waikawa. takoto Ko tōna taa i roto i te meka e hoki reira ko te hau. Hauwai sulfide he rastovoryaetsya kino rawa i roto i te wai, me te pāhekoheko ki ngā konganuku pera maha. no hauwai waikawa sulfide ki te rōpū o "waikawa ngoikore", tauira o nei tatou e aparau i roto i tenei tuhinga.
H 2 S he reka paku reka, me te kakara rawa titohea o hua pirau. I roto i te natura, e taea te kitea i te reira i roto i te hau tūturu puia ranei, a kua tukua reira ka te putrefaction pūmua.
He tino kanorau āhuatanga waikawa, ara ki te he mahuinga i ahumahi te waikawa, e taea e te reira tino pai o ki te hauora tangata. Ko te tino paitini ki te tangata tenei waikawa. Na roto i te inhalation o te nui iti o te hauwai sulfide i roto i te tangata whakaara ānini tīmata whakapairuaki nui, me te whanoke. Ki te hopoi i te tangata nui o H 2 S, ka taea e arahi i te reira ki hukihuki, pōroa, ara te mate ohorere ranei.
waikawa pungatara
H 2 SO 4 - ko te waikawa pungatara kaha, ki e kua whakaurua ngā tamariki i roto i ngā akomanga matū ara i roto i te piha haapiiraa 8. waikawa matū pērā i te waikawa pungatara, he hāora rawa kaha. H 2 SO 4 mahi hei āpitihāora mō konganuku rawa tokomaha, me waikura taketake.
H 2 SO 4 i roto i te whakapā ki te kiri kakahu ranei ai weranga matū, engari e kore e he reira rite paitini rite hauwai sulfide.
waikawa hauota
I roto i to tatou ao, he mea nui te waikawa kaha. Tauira o taua waikawa: HCl, H 2 SO 4, HBr, HNO 3. HNO 3 - Kei te mohiotia ki te waikawa hauota katoa. Kua whakamahia whānuitia te reira i roto i te ahumahi, me te i roto i te ahuwhenua. Kei te whakamahia te reira mo te hanga o ngā maniua, whakapaipai, whakaahua tā, i roto i te hanga o ngā rongoā me te tae, me te i roto i te ahumahi korero.
waikawa matū pērā pērā i waikawa hauota, he tino kino ki te rauropi. HNO 3 takirua mahue tuwhenua, meinga mumura whakapeka, me te ritenga wahi romahā.
waikawa Sinks
Kei te tino maha raruraru waikawa Nitrous ki hauota, ko te rerekētanga i waenganui ia ratou, ko. Ko te take i te waikawa Sinks ko nui iti hauota, te reira āhuatanga tino rerekē me ngā pānga i runga i te tinana tangata.
Kua HNO 2 kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te ahumahi matū.
waikawa hydrofluoric
waikawa Hydrofluoric (ranei hauwai pūkōwhai) - he otinga o te H 2 E c HF. amide waikawa - HF. Kei te tino whānui whakamahia waikawa Hydrofluoric i roto i te ahumahi konumohe. Te reira i silicates memeha, silicon tohi tongi, karaihe magnesium.
Ko te tino kino ki te tinana tangata hauwai pūkōwhai, i runga i te kukū o te tarukino rānei taea e ngāwari. I muri i whakapā ki te kiri, i te tuatahi, kahore he huringa, engari i muri i te meneti torutoru, kia riro koe i te mamae koi me weranga matū. Ko te tino kino ki te taiao waikawa Hydrofluoric.
waikawa pūhaumāota
HCl - he hauwai pūhaumāota, ko te waikawa kaha. waikawa hauwai pūhaumāota mau nga āhuatanga no ki te rōpū kaha. I roto i te puka waikawa he mārama, me te te huitahi, ka koromamao i roto i te rangi. Kei te whānui whakamahia hauwai pūhaumāota i roto i te parahi, me te kai ahumahi.
Tenei waikawa ai weranga, engari rawa kino tona whakapā kanohi.
waikawa phosphoric
waikawa phosphoric (H 3 PO 4) - he i roto i ona āhuatanga waikawa ngoikore. Otiia ka taea e whai āhuatanga kaha noa waikawa ngoikore. Hei tauira, H 3 PO 4 e whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi mo te whakaiti o te waikura rino. I tua atu, forsfornaya (ranei phosphoric) waikawa Kei te whānui whakamahia i roto i te ahuwhenua - kua hanga reira o te whānui o maniua momo.
He tino rite Āhuatanga waikawa - nui ko te tino kino ki te tinana tangata ia o ratou, H 3 PO 4 he kahore okotahi. Hei tauira, ai tenei waikawa hoki weranga kino, te toto i te ihu, a hoki nga niho meake.
waikawa carbonic
H 2 CO 3 - waikawa ngoikore. Kei te whiwhi te reira na roto i te tātau CO 2 (hauhā) i roto i te H 2 E (te wai). whakamahia waikawa Carbonic te i roto i te koiora me te matūora.
Kiato o waikawa rerekē
kiato waikawa whai wāhi nui i roto i nga wahi ariā me te mahi o te matū. Ngā mihi ki te matauranga o te kiato taea te whakatau i te kukū o te waikawa ngā, tatau ki te whakaoti rapanga matū me te tāpiri i te nui e tika ana o te waikawa ki te kawe i roto i te tauhohenga. Kiato rerekē tetahi waikawa i runga i te kukū rānei. Hei tauira, te nui te kukū o te ōrau, te nui te kiato.
Ko te āhuatanga whānui o te waikawa
Tino e matatini matū waikawa katoa (i.e., ngā o te maha ngā āhuatanga o te taka pūmotu), ko te kupu tika ngā i roto i tona H hanganga (hauwai). Next, whakaaro tatou nga āhuatanga matū o te waikawa, he noa nei:
- waikawa katoa oxygenated (i te mea reira i roto i te tātai e) i hanga i roto i te whāwehe o te wai, me he waikura waikawa. He anoxic kupu decomposed ki matū ohie (hei tauira, decomposes 2HF ki F 2 ko H 2).
- huru waikawa-hāora ki te konganuku katoa i roto i ngā mahi konganuku (anake te hunga kei runga i te maui o H).
- Taunekeneke ki ngā tai, engari te hunga e i hanga e waikawa ngoikore atu.
rerekē koi nga āhuatanga ōkiko o te waikawa i ia atu. I muri i te katoa, kia whai ratou he kakara, a kahore e whai i te reira, engari kia hoki i roto i ngā āhua o te whakawhāititanga: wai, haurehu waihā ranei ara mārō. Ko reira tino ngā ki ako i te waikawa totoka. Tauira o taua waikawa: C 2 H 2 0 4 me H 3 bo 3.
kukū
Kukū ko te rahinga i whakatau te hanganga ine o tetahi otinga. Hei tauira, ki Utaina maha e tika ana te whakatau te nui o te waikawa i roto i te memeha H 2 SO 4 Ko te waikawa pungatara parakore. Hoki tenei whakaaro ringihia e ratou he nui iti o te waikawa memeha i roto i te ipurau, paunatia me te mātotoru whakaritea tepu kukū. kukū waikawa, matatau tonu'aupito ki faaotiraa kiato kontsetratsii maha tūpono ngā mahi tātai i reira he mea tika ki te whakatau i te ōrau o te waikawa parakore i roto i te otinga.
Whakarōpū i te maha o te ngota H waikawa i roto i to ratou tātai matū
Ko tētahi o nga whakarōpūtanga tino rongonui ko te wehenga o te waikawa, monobasic, dibasic me, runga i, waikawa tribasic. Tauira o waikawa monobasic: HNO 3 (te waikawa hauota), HCl (pūhaumāota), HF (hydrofluoric) me ētahi atu. E huaina ēnei waikawa monobasic, mai i to ratou hanganga i reira he kotahi anake H. ngota He maha waikawa, tino taea ki te mahara ia. e tatou anake mahara e he ai ngā te waikawa me te maha o te ngota H i to ratou hanganga. E tautuhi rite me diacids. Tauira: H 2 SO 4 (te waikawa pungatara), H 2 S (hauwai sulfide), H 2 CO 3 (waro) me ētahi atu. Tribasic: H 3 PO 4 (waikawa phosphoric).
Ko te waikawa whakarōpū matua
Ko tētahi o nga whakarōpū tino rongonui o te waikawa, ko te ki te wehe ratou ki oxygenated me te hāora-free. Me pēhea te ki te mahara, e kore e mohio ki te tātai matū o te taonga i te mea te waikawa hāora-kei roto?
E kore te mea tatou waikawa hauwai katoa i roto i te hanganga i te āhuatanga nui o te e - hāora, engari i reira ko te wahi o H. reira, kua to ratou ingoa pēnei tonu ki te kupu "te hauwai". HCl - he waikawa pūmāota, he H 2 S - hauwai sulfide.
Otiia ano e nga ingoa e taea kislosoderzhaschih waikawa tuhituhi te tātai. Hei tauira, ki te te maha o e ngota i roto i te rauemi - 4 3 ranei ka tāpiri tonu ki te -n- ingoa pīmuri me mutu -aya-:
- H 2 SO 4 - waikawa pungatara (maha o ngota - 4);
- H 2 SiO 3 - silicon (maha o ngota - 3).
Ki te he rauemi he iti iho i te toru ngota hāora, e toru ranei, whakamahia te taitara -ist- pīmuri te:
- HNO 2 - Sinks;
- H 2 SO 3 - sulfurous.
āhuatanga noa
waikawa katoa i te reka kawa, a maha he konganuku moka. Ko reira e te tahi atu āhuatanga ōrite, tatou e hi'opoa i teie nei.
He matū i huaina tohu. Ko te tohu huri te tae, tonu te tae, engari taui tona hue ranei. puta tenei i te wa ka he te LED i runga i tetahi atu matū pērā i te waikawa.
He tauira o te huringa tae kia mahi rite taua maheni ki hua maha pērā i tea, me te waikawa citric. A, no te i whiua e tea tea rēmana ka āta timata reira ki te mama tino. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e kei te rēmana waikawa citric tenei.
He atu tauira. Tohu waikawa, i tahuri whero i roto i te reo kūpapa he tae papura, tāpiri waikawa pūmāota.
I roto i te tauhohe o ngā waikawa ki te konganuku i roto i te raupapa Pūngao ki mirumiru hau hauwai e tohaina - H. Heoi, ki te whakanohoia te ngongo i ki te whakarewa waikawa i te i roto i te mānukanuka i muri rarangi H, na ka puta kore tauhohenga, ka hei hau kukuwhatanga. Hei tauira, parahi, te hiriwa, mēkuri, konukawata me te koura ki te ariu ki te kore e waikawa.
I roto i tenei tuhinga, ka titiro matou ki te waikawa matū tino rongonui, me te ratou āhuatanga matua me ngā rerekētanga.
Similar articles
Trending Now