Jet Tiamana "Messerschmitt-262": te hītori o hanganga, ngā āhuatanga hoahoa, whakaahua

puta High-tere turbojet toa-Interceptor Messerschmitt AU-262 Schwalbe ( «Messerschmitt AU-262 horomia") i runga i te kauhanga riri anake i roto i te 1944. E kore e taea e tatou te mea mo te tino, te tikanga tenei motokā i hoki te mea mahi. Ngā ki te manureva tonu noa i runga i te parekura. mahi ia rite te toa (tae atu te po), rererangi, me te mahi hūhunu rererangi. Ko te mīhini kotahi, me te rua, whawhai me te whakangungu. pumau te reira i te pūnaha hōu o te taunga matapo, whakamātau taputapu hihiani mātanga whakamatauria, pu o ngā calibers, me te taputapu atu whakamātau. tukua ahumahi German i pā ana ki te 25 putanga o te rererangi.

"Messerschmitt-262" ko pūkaha jet papatipu-hua tuatahi o te ao, te tango i te wahi tika i roto i pakanga. huaina nga Tiamana reira "horomia e» (Schwalbe), nga Ameliká me te British - "te tītī» (te tītī). Tae noa te mutunga o nga mihini pakanga o te ahumahi German i roto i 1433 i tukua. Ko te kupu, e taea te whakaaro te "Messerschmitt AU-262" te tino whānui rererangi jet o te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao.

Ko te hītori o te manureva

Pea kua pehia tetahi o te tauira rererangi kia maha fifi i roto i te tukanga o tona hanganga, rite "Messerschmitt-262". History o te hanganga o tenei mīhini, tona whanaketanga, me te mau mai i ana ki te hanga papatipu o uaua e kore anake e takaroa uiui me te kore o te pūtea, engari ano hoki i te momo o ngā wero hangarau.

Ko tōna whati tuatahi, rite korerotia e A. Speer - Minita o nga ringa German, hanga te waka rererangi hei marama ki te aroaro o nga whakaeke o ngā hōia Tiamana i runga i te Soviet Union. I roto i te tauira tuatahi, he te AU-262 i whakamahia engines kōkeke. Heoi, kihai i ratou kaha nui. Ko te tau e whai ake nei i whakaritea ai ki te whakamahi i pūkaha kōpana Jumo-004, kua whakawhanakehia e ka tīmata te whakaputa u "Junkers".

Ko te hītori mohio maha meka ka noatia kaupapa e haere mai i te uara ki tonu o te whakatupuranga o mua o patu. "Messerschmitt-262" Ka taea te whakaaro tetahi o te hunga. Ko te painga o te mīhini hou i roto i mua o te rererangi hoariri i kitea, engari kua riro nga mate tamarikitanga o te ōhanga Tiamana he fakafaingata'a'ia'anga tōnoa ki tona production papatipu.

I roto i nga raruraru matua e kua pokea te whanaketanga o te rererangi, puta noa i ona hītori ngā te whai: tuatahi, ko te unreliability o nga engines kōpana Jumo, e kua rite rawa ki "Messerschmitt-262". mahi ratou rawa tinihanga i roto i te huru rarefied ka hiahiatia whakarahirahi roa, me te tupato. Tuarua, eke te tupare ki runga ki te kōhiwi wira ano te kounga e kore e rerekē. maha pakaru ratou i roto i te ūnga, engari ko te tere taunga o te rererangi 190 anake km / h. Fakataha ki te hōia matatini me te āhuatanga tōrangapū i roto i Germany me rangirua whakahau teitei i roto i te hanganga o te waka rererangi hou, arahina enei tūkunga ki te meka e te "Messerschmitt AU-262" (i runga whakaahua) puta i runga i te mara o te whawhai i roto i te hawhe tuarua o 1944, me te roa āhua-ā-tau . e kore i taea e ia e te patu merekara, tumanako nei te ki Adolf Hitler, e tauturu i toe Germany aoniu i roto i te pïra e o Europe. Engari i taea kua tupu te reira.

A, no te mea kua oti faatitiaifarohia nga hē katoa, nga kaihoahoa Tiamana, ka reira mārama e nga āhuatanga mahi katoa o te mīhini hou mahue te tawhiti i muri tawhā o Allied rererangi. Hangaia o rererangi "Messerschmitt-262" ngāwari taea te whakaaro he faahiahia o te ahumahi rererangi motu.

whakaahuatanga

Ko te tauira rererangi hou "Messerschmitt-262", te hanga o e kore kua rite mīhini jet wā hou, i powered reira e rua turbofan engines me parirau ola tika. Te tere kaupapa mōrahi i pā ana ki 850 km / h. He teitei o 9000 mita riro ia i runga i 7 meneti. teitei mōrahi i 11, 000 mita. O patu Me kï wha 30mm MK 108 repo, nga poma ngāwari taea e kawe ki raro, he bomber taimaha. i whakaritea ratou i roto i takirua i ia o nga parirau, tetahi i runga i te tahi atu. Na tera ano hoki te āhei o te tāuta ake ki te 12 tākirirangi unguided.

Allied tauhohenga ki te putanga o "Messerschmitt-262"

Tuitui i miharo e te ahua o te AU-262 i whakahoki hoa Pākehā Sky. Te nuinga o te katoa, e kore te mea he ohorere rite te bomber American, tikanga ki te mahi i te marau awatea whiua i runga i nga pa Tiamana me whakaurunga hōia tenei. E au ra te reira i te iti ake a ka ngaro te painga katoa i roto i te rangi.

Otiia ki te āwhina i te Anglo-Ameliká, ka haere mai ta'e'amanekina Adolf Hitler. Ko te take i whakamahia pai tuatahi nga Tiamana jet "Messerschmitt-262" rite te toa-Interceptor. Kei te kaha ui Führer ki te whakamahi i te rererangi rite te bomber nui-tere, e taea o kahore aufauraa i te whakarongo ki nga whawhai pato'iraa, whakapōrearea i te ahua o nga Hoa i runga i te scene Pākehā o mua.

kaiurungi Tiamana o te whakatupuranga motokā hou

I roto i te tau 1943, ki te whakamatautau i te motokā hou puta reira ki fakatāutaha rangatira o toa rererangi o te Luftwaffe General Adolf Galland. Ko te ongo faaite ia he parau poto: "rere tenei motokā i rite te mea he reira nga anahera." E ai ki tetahi atu pairati, Jörg Stsypionski, "Messerschmitt-262" (whakaahua o i roto i roto i te tuhinga) kihai i tino uaua ki te whakahaere. Ko te mea matua - ki te mahi i nga mea katoa kia rite ki ngā tohutohu, ka ka tikanga te mīhini ata, a kore e waiho-feliliuaki. Nā ki te auau rerekē tiketike nuinga i roto i te wa ki te hopu rererangi hoariri aroaro i roto i te whawhai. I roto i tenei take, ka te pairati tūnga kingi.

Ko na kaha te rākau o te riri o te waka rererangi e he nui kotahi pakunga ki ko reira katoa i runga i. Otiia, kihai i pera faingofua ki akakoromaki i te mīhini Shrew noa kaiurungi mātanga. hiahiatia te reira i te tika anō-whakangungu, i hiahiatia he rota o te wā.

Toa o te "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Ko tētahi o nga hoariri categorical o Hitler me Goering rongoā e whakamahia ana toa "Messerschmitt-262" rite te rererangi ko te rangatira o te toa rererangi Luftwaffe, he hōia o te pakanga o Ingarangi, Adolf Galland. I roto i te Hānuere 1945, i roto i te hui, i tae e te rōpū whakahaere katoa o te rererangi i roto i Germany, ua faaite nuitia ia feaa e pā ana te mātau o Goering rite rangatira o kaipuke rangi te whenua o. Ka rite ki te hua o te whānui pakeke iri i tari. Heoi, e kore ia i hoatu e ake.

Hei whakamatau ratou take, tapaea Galland ki te hanga i te hononga motuhake i raro i tona whakahau, taputapu tona rererangi "Messerschmitt AU-262." Te hanganga kaimahi, i roto i ētahi atu whakauru Gerhard Barhorna (i taua wa i reira 301 wikitoria irirangi), Heinz Baer (220 whakauru), Walter Krupinski (197 whakauru), Johannes Shteynhoffa (176 whakauru), Gunther Lutzow (108 Ratio) me al. ingoa te pūhui i "wahi Fighter" Yagdferband 744 (J744) ».

haurongo poto "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

I roto i te Maehe 1945, kei te tari matua o te hononga hou i te rererangi Munich-Riem, te wahi me te tīmata te tahae armadas o Allied rererangi i hanga ngā marau awatea i runga i Germany. Neke atu i te te marama o tenei fo'ou wae rangi whiriwhiri i reira i kua koperea 45 rererangi rererangi ki raro ona hoa. Otiia roa te reira roa. Mei 3, 1945, i patua ia e te Hoa i roto i Salzburg.

Adolf Galland ia kihai ano i paopao ki te faatere o te rererangi. ka mau ia wahi i roto i ngā mahi maha ki te haukoti Allied rererangi marau. I te April 25, i roto i tetahi o ratou i patua e ia i te uhi toa American "Ripablik P-47." i patua te pairati i roto i turi e rua, ka i taea ki te hoatu tika tona toa i roto i riri te ki ngā piere o te parae.

Victory kaiurungi Tiamana

Ko te wikitoria tuatahi i muri i te wira o te kōpana "Messerschmitt-262" i riro e Adolf Schreiber. tupu enei mea hui Pipiri 26, 1944. I tua atu ki enei kaiurungi "Messerschmitt-262" Ua tauturu rongo Franz Schall - runga AU-262, piro ia 14 te whakauru ia (katoa 137), Herman Buchner - 12 (58), George Pita Erere - 12 (78), Erich Rudorferu - 12 (222) , Carl Shnorreru - 11 (46), Johannes Steinhoff - 6 (176), Walter Nowotny (katoa 248 Ratio), me ētahi atu.

kaiurungi Tiamana whakaaro "Messerschmitt-262" Ko na ira e maia ngā i roto i te whawhai ki nga tau tino pai o ratou hoariri. Hei tauira, March 19, 1945 28 kaiurungi Tiamana, he i te faatere o "Mesershmittov-262", kihai i wehi ki te whawhai ki te kapua nui o rererangi American, arā, o te rererangi 1,300 me uhi 750 toa. Ahakoa o ratou tau iti, i taea ki te overclock te Armada katoa ratou, te ārai tohu i runga i tetahi o nga pae i roto i Germany.

Ka rite ki whawhai hoa te AU-262

I roto i te aroraa tika ki te "Messerschmitt-262" o tetahi rererangi Allied i mate ai ki te hinga. Ngaro tona tere, nekeneke, me te kaha patu, kihai i taea e te wikitoria noa moemoea o. Heoi i kitea Achilles rekereke. Ehara i ara kotahi. Ko te take i puta mai i te toa jet "Messerschmitt-262" ki te kia tino whakaraerae i roto i te manureva, me te taunga. I enei taime, a ka whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te bet i roto i te pato'iraa ki a ia.

I roto i te wahi tuatahi i maka ki runga ki te tūhura o aerodromes, i hāngai nei i runga i te Tiamana "horomia" nga ope katoa. I muri i taua, i waiho i raro ratou runway ki pū aroha ore. I konatunatua tenei ki te whenua tata ia. roa te reira i rite te roa rite te "Messerschmitt-262", e hāngai ana ki te rererangi, e kore kawea ki tetahi atu wāhi.

E matau ana hoki tatou i te torutoru meka o te whakangaromanga "Messers" i runga i te wakarererangi. Na, Oketopa 7, 1944, Rūtene Urban Drew, rere i roto i te rohe o te hoariri, ka kite ki te tīmata ki te rererangi o seti te tokorua. Mā te whakamahi i te painga o te tiketike, me te tere, te pairati itoito patua te hoariri, a koperea iho e rua, e kore tuku i te waea tere.

i whakangaromia maha ngā AU-262 i roto i te whawhai irirangi. Na, Whiringa 8, 1944 tetahi o nga aces o te Luftwaffe Walter Nowotny, e koperea iho i mua i 258 rererangi hoariri i roto i te hononga whakaeke rererangi American i koperea iho e tetahi o ana whawhai hipoki i te "Mustang P-51."

Āhuatanga "Messerschmitt-262"

Ko te roa o te manureva ko 10.6 m, he teitei - 3.8 m, parirau - 12.5 m, te rohe parirau -. 21.8 m Taumaha o waka kau i 3800 kg, he takeoff taimaha noa - 6400 kg, te takeoff taimaha mōrahi - 7140 kg. Ko 11 kiromita atu Practical anga tuanui. Te tere mōrahi i te teitei mōrahi i 855 km / h. I ringa Tuhinga 4 pū MK - 108 e taea ki te whakatū i 12 R4M missiles unguided hoki.

Toa jet "Messerschmitt-262": Hoa

Toa jet "Messerschmitt" i roto i hoa, e kore pera nui. Hoki te wahi tino te Tiamana "horomia e" ngaro i runga i te whenua, e kore e hoatu ki a ratou i te whai wāhi ki te ara. Otiia, ka kawea ki raro "Messerschmitt-262" i tuhia i roto i te tika George. Bendraulta (386 FS), Rūtene Mueller (353rd FG), Meiha H. Connor (te 78 FG), āpiha-pairati Bob Cole ( 3rd matua hoia RAF), ko Rutene Reme (te 78 FG), Wilson ko Rutene (401-ahau matua hoia rangi Canadian) me ētahi atu.

Toa jet "Messerschmitt-262": Eastern Front

I tua atu ki te whare tapere Pākehā Western o ngā mahi, i reira i "Messerschmitt-262" me i te Front Eastern. Heoi, ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki tenei e takare rawa. Otiia, ko te rārangi o toa o te "Messerschmitt-262" Kei roto i te ingoa me aces Soviet. rēhita mana tātou anō jet "Messers" i runga i tona pūkete i Ivan Kozhedub Leo Sivko, Ivan Kuznetsov Yakov Okolepov me Aleksandr Dolgunov. Hai i roto i tenei rārangi Me whakaurua e rua atu ingoa: Harry Merkviladze, Pilot 152 th tiaki Regiment me Vladimir E. i 402 th Fighter Wing.

Heoi, ka kitea te haamauraa o ratou whakaora i roto i te pukapuka.

mutunga

Hoki te Pakanga II o te Ao katoa ahumahi Tiamana i hanga, ka tonoa ki te mua o te rererangi i te 1433, "Messerschmitt-262" tae atu ngā akatuke'anga. Heoi, ka mau kore waka katoa wahi i roto i te pakanga. Te kore o te wahie, te kore o te kaimahi whai tohu, me te kore o airfields tika te kāinga (motokā e hiahiatia ana runway atu) takaro he wāhi nui i roto i o te rererangi kōpana tuatahi o te ao i te whakarau "Messerschmitt AU-262." Otiia i mahue ia i te tohu nui i roto i te aamu o te rererangi ao. I muri i tona ahua tohua te timatanga o te wā o te kōpana rererangi.