Waikura te ateneke: teuteu me ngā āhuatanga

I roto i te huānga pūmotu taua, pērā i te ateneke, noho reira he tūranga i te whakarewa - nonmetal. Na roto ratou mahi he reira i waenganui i hauwai me te parahi. whakakitea āhua Non-konganuku i roto i te meka e ko te reira e taea ki te faaohipa i te tohu o te hāora -3 (Ash ₃ - arsine). Pūhui ki te āhua hāora pai +3 whai āhuatanga amphoteric, a faaite mai ki te tohu o +5 ona āhuatanga waikawa. He aha te mea te ateneke waikura?

Waikura, ngā waihā

Ko te waikura te ateneke e whai ake nei: Ka rite ki ₂ E ₃ me rite ₂ E _5. He he ano hoki te waihā e ōrite ana:

• Metamyshyakovistaya waikawa HAsO _2.
• Ortomyshyakovistaya waikawa H ₃ Aso _3.
• Metamyshyakovaya waikawa HAsO _3.
• Ortomyshyakovaya waikawa H ₃ Aso _4.
• Piromyshyakovaya waikawa H ₂ Ka rite ₄ e _7.

He aha te mea te ateneke trioxide?

waikura te ateneke ngā rua o nei rite ₂ E ₃ kua te ingoa trioxide. Tenei taonga, kei te maha i whakamahia mo te maimoatanga, engari ehara i te mea he matū kinokore. Tenei pūhui pararopi i te mea he nui pūhui pūtake organoarsenicheskih (pūhui kei roto waro here c) me te tini ke atu. E rave rahi te whakamahi I ₂ E ₃ e tautohetia hoki o te āhua paitini o te huānga. ingoa hokohoko o tenei pūhui ko Trisenox.

mōhiohio General e pā ana ki trioxide

Ko te tātai matū o trioxide te ateneke kua te puka e whai ake nei rite ₂ E _3. Ko te taimaha o te pūhui rāpoi 197,841 g / mol. He maha ngā huarahi ki te whiwhi i tēnei waikura. Ko tētahi o ratou ko te rīhi o te ore pūngāwhā. Ko te tauhohenga matū ko e whai ake:

2Ko te mea ₂ e ₃ + 9O ₂ → 2Kia rite ₂ E ₃ + 6Na ₂

Te nuinga o nga waikura e taea te whiwhi rite te byproduct o te tukatuka o te tahi atu tokahuke. Arsenopyrite Ko te poke noa i roto i te koura, me te parahi, me tuku te reira te ateneke trioxide, ka tahu i roto i te aroaro o te rangi. Tenei e taea e arahi ki te poisoning nui.

Ko te hanganga o te trioxide te ateneke

Ateneke trioxide kua te tātai rite ₄ E ₆ i roto i te wāhanga wai, me te hau (i raro 800 ° C). I roto i enei ngā wāhanga, ko reira isostructural ki fosforovym trioxide (P ₄ e _6). Heoi, i pāmahana i runga 800 ° C I ₄ e ₆ Ka tiango ki rāpoi rite ₂ E _3. I roto i tenei wā ko reira isostructural ki diizotrona trioxide (N ₂ E _3). I roto i tona āhua totoka, whakaatu ana tenei pūhui polymorph kaha (kaha ki te tīariari i roto i rua, neke atu rānei ngā puka o hanganga karaihe).

Āhuatanga o te trioxide te ateneke

Ētahi o nga āhuatanga taketake o te ateneke trioxide e whai ake nei:

• rongoā trioxide hanga waikawa ngoikore ki te wai. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i te pūhui amphoteric ko te waikura kakano tenei.
• he wairewa i roto i rongoā kawakore reira me homai arsenate.
• trioxide te ateneke he memehatanga nui i roto i te waikawa pūmāota (HCl), a te mutunga whakarato te takiwa te ateneke trichloride me te waikawa.
• E horo'a te reira pentoxide (rite ₂ E ₅₎ i roto i te aroaro o hāora kaha pērā i te hauwai, Ozone me te waikawa hauota.
• Ko tata rewakore i roto i ngā whakarewa organic ia.
• rite te totoka ma i roto i te huru noa tinana titiro te reira.
• He he ira whakakoero o 312,2 ° C me te ira koropupū o 465 ° C.
• Ko te kiato o tenei rauemi, ko te 4.15 g / cm ^3.

Ko te whakamahi o te trioxide te ateneke i roto i te rongoa

Tenei matū Ko te piha haapiiraa o māngai antineoplastic, a kua whakamahia i roto i te maimoatanga o te mate pukupuku. Kei te mohiotia te pai te tāoke te ateneke. Heoi, trioxide te ateneke ko te tarukino hahau whakamahia ki te hamani etahi momo o te mate pukupuku mō te tau maha. huaina te otinga whakamahia hoki tenei maimoatanga te otinga Fowler. I roto i te 1878 korerotia godu Boston City Hospital kia whai hua i roto i te whakaiti i te maha o leukocytes i roto i te tangata i tenei otinga.

Ka rite ki te hua ₂ E ₃ i te nuinga whakamahia mo te maimoatanga o te kanisā, rite te roa kua whakakapia noa reira iraruke. Otiia i muri i nga 1930, i te reira āta whai tona rongonui i roto i te maimoatanga o te kanisā, rite te roa rite reira ko he hahau hou. whakaaro ana tēnei waikura te ateneke te te tikanga pai o te maimoatanga o te kanisā myelogenous ma'i. Ahakoa tenei ra whakamahia tenei taonga te ki te hamani i te momo ngā o whakapeka kanisā promyelocytic ki retinoid tutuki te hahau anthracycline ranei. Kei te whakamahia hoki te reira ki te hamani kanisā ma'i myeloid, myeloma maha, whakapeka kanisā myeloid, lymphoma, mate pukupuku o te pūnaha lymphatic.

Mā te trioxide

Kei te whānui whakamahia trioxide te ateneke i te hanga o te karaihe taekore. Ko te hoki tenei pūhui whai hua i roto i ki te hikohiko hanga Semiconductors me etahi alloys. Kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i peita. kia whai hua i roto i te maimoatanga o te pukupuku roro te ateneke trioxide.

I roto i te mua, whakamahia tenei rawa i roto i niho, engari no te mea te mea he pūhui tino paitini, te whakamahi o te niho hou kua mutu. waikura te ateneke (rite ₂ E Tātai ₃₎ Kei te whakamahia hoki rite te rokiroki mō rakau, engari e rāhuitia taua rauemi i roto i nga wahi maha o te ao. I roto i ngā ki te ateneke trioxide parahi tāpia homai he ngarahu kanapa matomato.

taonga tino paitini

Trioxide ano he taumata tiketike o te tāoke. Na reira, me tango tonu koe i nga whakatūpatotanga e tika ana i mua i te whakamahi koe i te reira. Ka taea e te reira tino kino i roto i te wā e whai ake nei:

• Paraoa. Ki te rite ₂ E _3, aitua whiwhi ki te wahi kūnatu, kia kōrero tonu koe i te tākuta. E kore e tūtohu ana ki te ngana ki te kaha ai ruaki i mua i te rapu āwhina hauora. He mea tika ki te tango i tetahi kakahu kikī, tango atu tona here, unbutton te kara, whitiki, me te pera i runga i. D.
• Whakapā ki te kiri. I roto i te take o te whakapā ki tetahi mata o te tinana e horoi tonu te wāhi kua pā ki te nui o te wai. Me nekehia tonu kakahu poke me hu, a kia kia horoi ratou ki te aroaro o anō. I roto i te take o te whakapā kiri nui, kia rapu tonu koutou tauturu a te taote. kia waiho te reira whai hua mō te ringihia horoinga o te rohe i pangia ki hopi, me te tono kirīmi antibacterial.
• Karu whakapā. Ki te rite ₂ E ₃ mai ki whakapā ki te kanohi, te mea tuatahi ki te mahi i te mea ki te tango i tetahi arotahi whakapā, me te horoi kanohi ki te wai mō te 15 meneti. e tūtohu ana ki te whakamahi i te wai matao. Whakarara ki tenei, kua tangata ki te karanga i te waka tūroro.
• Inhalation. Iwi e Kua hau te hau, kia whakanohoia i roto i te wāhi rerekē ki te rangi hou. Hoki, kia rapu tonu koutou tauturu a te taote. Ki te manawa uaua, me te whakahaere tonu hāora. Ki te taea e ki te manawa i runga i to ratou ake te pärurenga ko, e hiahia ana koe ki te hoatu respiration tāwhaiwhai.
• kia whai i tēnei pūhui te pānga paitini i runga i te tangata. I roto i te take o te ingestion o rahi o te ateneke trioxide, kia ara arahi reira ki te mate. tonu kia whakamahia mōhiti haumaru me karapu ka mahi ki rite ₂ E _3. tonu kia kawea te mahi i roto i roto i te wāhi pai-hā.

pānga taha

pānga taha Common o tenei taonga ngā tohu pēnei i:

• hiahia rawakore;
• ruaki;
• whakapairuaki;
• mamae puku;
• kōroke;
• ānini;
• rohirohi;
• whanoke;
• kirika;
• te kupukupu tonu raruraru;
• taumata tiketike o leukocytes;
• huka toto tiketike;
• ponana kiri.

Iti pānga taha noa ngā:

• mangai maroke;
• manawa maiorooro;
• mamae pouaka;
• taumata iti o leucocytes;
• uaua me te wheua mamae;
• huamo o te mata, me te kanohi;
• korere;
• faaati;
• huka toto iti;
• taumata hāora iti i roto i te toto.

pānga taha Rare o rite ₂ E _3:

• mokowhiti kōhikohiko (e taea noa arahi ki te mate);
• taonga taimaha;
• kaihapai;
• ngaro-mana'o faufaa;
• coma;
• kopu tetere;
• pouri o te kiri.

Life-te whakawehi tohu o te rongo ki te trioxide te ateneke - he taonga taimaha, kirika, uaua manawa, hāhā o te manawa, pouaka mamae, mare.

trioxide te ateneke Ko te taonga tino paitini, e taea noa arahi ki mate o te ora. Otiia, kua reira ki te kia whai hua i roto i te mara hauora. kia tango tonu tatou whakatūpatotanga.

tauhohe matū

trioxide te ateneke Ko te amphoteric waikura teitei o te ateneke me te he ngonge waikawa ona wairewa waiwai. Ko te kupu, ko reira ngā wairewa i roto i rongoā kawakore ki te whiwhi arsenates. Ko reira iti wairewa i roto i te waikawa, ki te kahore pūmāota.

Anake ki te hāora kaha pērā i te pekerangi, hauwai me te waikawa hauota, kua hanga e te reira o te ateneke penta-waikura ki te tohu o te kawatanga o 5 Ka rite ki _{te 2} e te _5. No runga hāora ātete, e rere ke trioxide te ateneke i ūkuikui trioxide, e te ngāwari tahuna ki te ūkuikui pentoxide. Tuhinga homai te ateneke timatanga arsine (pungarehu _{3) ranei.}

pentoxide te ateneke

Ko pentoxide Tātai Chemical rite ₂ E _5. Ko tōna papatipu titiwha o 229.8402 g / mol. Ko te puehu hygroscopic ma ki te kiato o te 4,32 g / cm ^3. ira whakakoero tae 315 ° C, i nei haamata te reira ki te hanehane. Ko te taonga e te memehatanga pai i roto i te wai, me te waipiro. āhuatanga waikura te ateneke hanga reira tino paitini, me te mōrearea mo te taiao. Tenei pūhui pararopi i te mea he iti noa, tino paitini, me te reira e kitea e iti anake tono arumoni, pērā i te waikura te ateneke teitei (rite ₂ E Tātai _3).

mohiotia te ateneke te matua rite te paihana me carcinogen. Ko tōna trioxide - he paura wai-wairewa, e hua he otinga te huitahi, akeake, me te koreami. Ko te tikanga rongonui o te patu i roto i te anotau Middle. Ko tōna whakamahi tonu i tenei ra, engari mo te take rangimarie me te i roto i rahinga iti.