Ahumahi ki waho i roto i Europe, me ona āhuatanga

Hoki Europe ngā whenua ke i waho te Kihi. rohe ki a ratou ko te neke atu i te 5 miriona kiromita tapawha me he kāinga ki te tata miriona e rima rau te iwi. Korero o Europe ke, te tikanga o matou e pā ana ki e wha tekau āhua Ariki, e pā ana kore anake ki te whakarau o mua, engari ano hoki nga aho ōhanga, tōrangapū, me te ahurea tino tata.

International Europe Ko tetahi o nga pokapū matua o te ao tangata. Ko reira te wāhi o agglomerates tāone, te āhuatanga nui matawhenua, me te te revolution nui ahumahi. A ahakoa te meka e te wā o "Eurocentrism" i roto i te mua, ke Europe e te wahi nui i roto i tōrangapū ao kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i tona ōhanga.

ōhanga

Te tai'oraa i ki waho i roto i Europe ahumahi (11 piha haapiiraa - te wa, ka hāngai te kaupapa i runga i te kura), whakaaro tatou i te reira hei rohe katoa. I te wa ano, rite ki ngā tohunga, te whenua kei runga i tona rohe, kī tuatahi i roto i te ao i roto i ngā wāhi o te ahuwhenua me te ahumahi. Kaua e ngaro tūranga ārahi o te rohe i roto i te kaweake o ngā ratonga me taonga i runga i te rakau utu me te koura, me te te whanaketanga o hononga tāpoi ao.

Ko te mana ōhanga o Europe ke takoto i roto i nga whenua e wha o te "whitu Big". I roto i to ratou rārangi o France ko Tiamana, Itari me Ingarangi. Ko reira enei āhua i te whānuitanga whānui o ahumahi rerekē me ngä rängai. Heoi, ko te toenga o te kaha i waenganui i nga whenua tino wha te whakamamaetia etahi huringa. Na, i runga i te tekau tau o mua te tūranga o te rangatira o Germany riro. E kore te mea poitirere tenei. I muri i te whakawhanake katoa o ōhanga te whenua o rawa hihiri. I te wa ano kua ngaro tona mana "awheawhe o te ao" United Kingdom.

Ētahi atu whenua ki waho i roto i Europa, nei ōhanga kua te faufaa ōhanga rahi, he reira Switzerland ko Spain, Belgium, te Netherlands me Sweden. I roto i enei whenua, kua whakawhanakehia he torutoru ahumahi anake, e whai aronga ao.

He wahi motuhake i roto i te rohe e nohoia e te whenua i roto i Eastern Europe. I roto i a ratou, mai i te mutunga o nga eighties, he reira ka mau te whakawhitinga kaha wahi i te whakamahere pokapū, me te mana tūmatanui o te huapae o whanaunga mākete.

whanaketanga ahumahi

Ko te pūtake o te ōhanga i roto i Europe he he ahumahi ke. nui te reira i te wāhi nui, ahakoa te meka e i roto i nga whenua maha hea te raiona o o te ōhanga o te ahumahi me ngā ratonga ahuwhenua. Ahumahi ki waho i roto i Europe mo e rave rahi tenetere, he reira he ahua o te tangata.

āhuatanga

whanaketanga Tangata me te huru hītori kore ranei puta tūturu te mākete ao. Kua puta ke te reira me te tauira o te ahumahi tāwāhi i roto i Europe. Na, ki te aroaro o te Pakanga 2 Ao, i rongonui mō ngā hua ahurei utu te rohe i muri i te mutunga o ngā mahi hōia o tona hinonga i reoriented ki nga hiahia o te mākete papatipu.

ka haere mai te wahi matua o ngā hua pūtaiao-tino, me te tino matatini i te United States. ahumahi Pākehā noa atu hei kua rongonui mō ngā mīhini me waka, hikohiko me te taputapu tukanga. tīmata te rohe ki te whakaputa i taonga mo nga tini.

kore kua te au rite ke ra ano te mutunga o nga hitu ahuru. I roto i tenei wā, ahumahi ke i roto i Europe hoatu ara ki te ahua o te wehenga o te mahi i waenganui i nga whenua o te rohe. Ko te kupu, tonu nga whenua Mediterranean ki te tukua o taonga mo te whānui o kiritaki ngā. I tenei wa i roto i Ingarangi, France me Germany kaha kei te whanake i te hanga o te waka rererangi me te kaipuke. Kua heke tenei katoa te āputa ki te US i roto i te rohe.

A feruri i te manga matua o te ahumahi ke i roto i Europe, e whai he taimaha o i te kau.

engineering

Ki te ui koe: "Tauwhāiti te peka matua o te ahumahi ke i roto i Europe," Ko reira e tika ana ki te whakaaro i te hōkai, e kaimahi neke atu i te toru tekau ōrau o te iwi i roto i te rohe. Ko reira engineering, whakarato tetahi o nga awhe hua whānui i roto i te ao.

māngai tenei peka matua o te ahumahi ke i roto i Europe e i roto i te tata whenua katoa o te rohe. Heoi, homai te hōkai o te taumata o te whanaketanga i roto i te whenua takitahi he rerekē. Hei tauira, i reira te mea he tetahi rōpū o te feia faatere i roto i Europe. I roto i enei whenua, i reira te mea ngā te whānuitanga katoa o ahumahi, mahi e kore anake i makona nga hiahia kāinga o te rohe, engari ka taea ano hoki ki a koe tukua atu i te hua mō te kaweake.

He i Europe me whenua ke ki te kotahi anake ranei tino whakawhanakehia he torutoru wāhanga o engineering production. I roto i tenei take, tutaki te hiahia mo te etahi momo o ngā hua e kawemai.

Ko te feia faatere o te rōpū matua ngā Germany ko Britain, me ki he whānuitanga iti, ngā enei France me Itari. Kotahi atu ranei wāhi o te ahumahi engineering he wātea i roto i te Netherlands ko Belgium, Sweden ko Switzerland.

e kore e taea e āhuatanga Ahumahi o Europe ke kore ki te pā me te whenua pērā i Denmark ko Austria, Finland me Norway. I roto i enei āhua, mīhini he ngoikore. Heoi, e ratou tetahi e rua ranei ahumahi, e kua riro te āhukahuka i roto i te mākete ao. Hei tauira, he rongonui mo tona penupenu me te pepa taputapu, Norway Finland - pahi, etc ...

I roto i te ahumahi engineering whānui whenua ke o Europe hua tata rua tekau-rima ōrau o te hanga o tenei wāhanga ao. O nga whenua i roto i te rohe mai pueru, hiko, taputapu hangarau, te ine me te mea pūtaiao, taraka me cars, me te tarakihana.

Ko wai hua ai?

Ko te ahumahi tino whakawhanakehia noa atu i roto i Europa i roto i te ahumahi automotive. I roto i Germany, mahi pai taua āwangawanga rite "Daimler", "Volkswagen", "Mercedes" ko BMW. Mai i France mai waka waitohu "Peugeot-Citroen" me "Reno." he rongonui mo ona "Fiat" Italy.

I roto i Germany, te Hōrana me te UK ko te pahi tino whakawhanakehia. mohiotia te ao kamupene pērā i "Bosch" me "Philips", "Moulinex" me "Tefal". E hanga ratou tuku production matua o waea, rorohiko, me taputapu whare i roto i Tiamana, Wīwī me te Netherlands. I roto i Switzerland, kawea atu-te kounga teitei mataara tuku.

ahumahi Engineering tāwāhi i roto i Europe hāngai matua i runga i te rauemi tangata e wātea ana. I tua atu, i te whanaketanga o nga manga matua o te ahumahi whai wāhi ki te turanga pūtaiao o te rohe, me te taumata tiketike o tona hanganga.

ahumahi matū

Ko te Vanguard ahumahi tuarua nui i roto i te rohe tenei. ahumahi matū tāwāhi i roto i Europe, me te engineering mīhini, i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau whakamutunga whakawhanakehia rawa tere. A ko reira angamaheni mo te rohe katoa.

Te mea faahiahia, kua taukei te ahumahi matū he puna hou o ngā rauemi mata. kē ia ki te hinu, me ona intermediates rite te puna matua o ngā matū waro. Tenei ka te pūtake o ngā rauemi mata, me ngā hua o te ahumahi. Ka rite ki i roto i te wā i mua i te Pakanga II o te Ao, e arotahi ana te ahumahi i runga i te lignite me waro, te konutai me te pāhare pāporo tai, me te pyrites, ko katoa o tona production i te wāhanga o ratou whanaketanga.

Ki te tčnei, o tenei rāngai ko tona neke ki ngā puna hinu. Na, i roto i te wahi ki te hauauru o te rohe ko te pokapū matūngahinu nui, hanga i roto i te wahapū o te Rhine me te Thames, Elbe me Seine me Rhône. I roto i enei rohe, kei te maitai ngā te ahumahi ki te para.

Tčnei, o ahumahi pānga nga rohe rawhiti o Western Europe. Here, i runga i nga huarahi, me pipelines hau Kua whakapumautia otaota matūngahinu me refineries. Ko te kamupene matua o tenei momo kei roto i Poland, Slovakia, Hungary me te Czech Republic. I hanga ratou haere te ara o te paipa, me te hinu te ao, rauemi raw mäminga mua i te Soviet Union, me tenei ra - i Russia.

I tua atu, i mua ki te Pakanga o te Ao 2 whakatau i te taumata o te whanaketanga o te ahumahi matū i roto i te ine o te rōrahi ngā o te waikawa pungatara tukua reira. I tēnei wā, tei tenei ahua i runga i te nui o kirihou hua.

Tohatoha o ngā tipu matū

He pāhiwihiwi Whanaketanga o te ahumahi Vanguard ke tuarua-nui i roto i Europe. Na, i hanga i roto i Itari me Ingarangi, Tiamana ko France tino makona tona tono kāinga mō ngā hua matū, rite, i roto i te tua, me ki täwahi, nui. Ki te whakaaro ki te whenua Nordic, i runga i to ratou rohe te pai whakawhanakehia anake production takitahi, pērā i te hanga o maniua hauota. I te wa ano he tokomaha nui o hua matū kawemai e ratou i ki waho.

He i roto i ētahi atu whenua Pākehā, me te motuhake anake i roto i te whānuitanga kuiti o ahumahi. Hei tauira, i roto i Switzerland whakawhanakehia pharmaceuticals, te Hōrana me Belgium - te ahumahi matūngahinu. Ko ahakoa tenei, enei whenua i ngā hononga tata ki te mākete ao na roto i te kaweake i te reira ki te 65 ōrau o tona production.

Otiia i roto i te whānui o nga whenua ke o Europe ko te kaihoko nui o horihori me te waihanga muka, kirihou, peita, me varnishes, pharmaceuticals, tae me maniua hauota. I roto i tenei rohe o ngā hua hou, me te puta o te ahumahi matū, kawemai i te United States.

Ki te hiahia koe i te whakaahuatanga o tetahi o nga ahumahi ki waho i roto i Europe, he mea e tika ana ki te āta titiro i te āhua o te ao matū o te rohe o nāianei. I roto i ngā tekau tau tata kua he hehema ki te whakaiti i roto i kawemai. Heoi, i roto i tenei take, e kore waho te whai wāhitanga o te motuhake American, e hanga kaha ratou ake pakihi i roto i Europe. whakatika nei ia ratou mahi i te hanga o ngā hua matū hou.

Energy

Tenei vahi ōhanga ke i roto i Europe, me te te ahumahi matū, kua arotahi ki runga i te hau māori, me te hinu. hua tēnei rauemi i roto i te Moana Te Tai Tokerau, me te kawemai i Russia me whenua whakawhanake. I tēnei wā, i reira ko he heke koi i roto i te hanga me te kohi o te waro i roto i Germany, Ingarangi, Belgium, te Netherlands ko France. Takotoranga hoki tenei wahie kei te i te wahi rawhiti o te rohe. Hei tauira, i roto i Poland me te Czech Republic, he ōwehenga nui o te rauemi raw mo te rāngai wahie, me te pūngao, ko te lignite. arotahi te reira i te rota o TPP mahi i konei. Na tangohia waro te kore anake i to ratou ake poka. Ko tōna kawemai me te ruke ai i roto i ngā tauranga nui Pākehā.

Ko te geography me te hanganga o te mana hiko i roto i te rohe, atu me te ake ti'aturi i runga i te mana karihi. Kei te mahi kē ratou i roto i Germany, a Belgium, te Czech Republic ko Hungary, Bulgaria me te UK, me te i roto i France.

Ko te takoha o te Rhône me nga otaota Tanupi huringa hua hiko. Heoi, ki te okotahi o Switzerland, Sweden me Norway mana hurihiko tākaro, te tikanga he tūranga tautoko. Tata nei i hanga PSPs utu i roto i Europe ke.

ahumahi metallurgical

Kua hanga e te ahumahi te ahumahi i roto i te rohe tae noa ki te aroaro o te taeraa mai o te revolution hangarau. Tuatahi o te katoa, whakawhanakehia te ahumahi rino, me te maitai i roto i te hunga whenua te wahi i reira he wahie metallurgical rauemi raw ranei. Ēnei whenua ngā Tiamana me France, Ingarangi ko Spain, Luxembourg ko Spain, te Czech Republic ko Poland. I muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga 2 Ao i hanga nga wheketere nui whänui i roto i ngā wāhi i roto i te pā tata ki te tauranga ranei. tupu tenei no te mea o te takotoranga ki runga ki te kawemai o mau whakarewa me te tiketike-kōeke ore rino.

Ki te rā, te tino hou, me te nui rawa te tipu, kei tata ana te tauranga moana, hanga i roto i te Italian Taranto. Aita i maoro a'e, Heoi, e hanga paku-otaota te nuinga i roto i te rohe.

kia ngā te peka tino nui o ke metallurgy kore-ferrous i roto i Europe konumohe, me te ahumahi parahi. Kei Production o konumohe i roto i nga whenua ki te Rahui o te bauxite. Ko Italy, ko France, Romania, Kariki me Hungary tenei. Kei te Kei hoki taua production i Austria, Germany, Switzerland me Norway. E kore rauemi raw o ona ake, engari hua te reira i te nui nui o te hiko.

whakawhanakehia parahi production te i roto i France ko Germany, Poland, Ingarangi me Belgium.

Ngahere me te Ahumahi Light

He aha manga atu o te ahumahi kua whānuitia whakawhanakehia i roto i te rohe? Ko tētahi o ratou - te ahumahi ngahere tāwāhi i roto i Europe. Tuatahi o te katoa, kua arahina reira e ona ake puna o ngā rauemi mata. Ko te aha te tino pai whakawhanakehia te ahumahi i roto i Finland me Sweden. Enei whenua - te feia faatere o te tuku iho i roto i te mira kani papa, i te rakau, penupenu me te pepa ki tāwāhi.

kia aro motuhake ahumahi marama tāwāhi i roto i Europe. Ko roto i tenei rāngai me tīmata te ahumahi katoa o te rohe. I te reira ra, ahumahi marama kua ngaro ke Europe tona tūranga o mua.

i te taimaha nui o te rohe te wāhi pueru rite Flanders (Belgium), Yorkshire ko Lancashire (Ingarangi), Lyon (France) me Milan (Itāria). puta nga pokapū katoa o te hanga o kakahu me hu i roto i te rau tau 19, i roto i nga ra wawe o te revolution ahumahi. He mātātoa ratou i tenei ra. Aita i maoro a'e, Heoi, ko te hehema o rītaha ahumahi marama i roto i te tonga Europe. Ko te tika tenei ki nga rahui e wātea ana he cheap mahi. Hei tauira, he wheketere kakahu nui i roto i te rohe i teie nei e taea te huaina Portugal. hua hoki Italy he maha o hu, e he tuarua ki Haina anake tona rōrahi.

pupuri nga iwi o nga whenua maha o Europa iho motu, e kitea faaiteraa i roto i te hanga o waiata, taonga, rei, me ngā tuhinga i hanga o te whakarewa me te karaihe, taonga tākaro, me te pera i runga i. D.

Hei tauira, Kei te mohiotia Belgium mō raiwhara hopu (Brownings) me te tukatuka taimana. Ko reira kahore aituā kei te pokapū ao mo te hokohoko i roto i taimana kei roto i Antwerp. I roto i te Liechtenstein, hanga hinonga nui rawa o te ao te whakaputa niho horihori. Ēnei hua e hokona i roto i nga whenua nui atu i rau.

Marama, ahumahi ngahere tāwāhi i roto i Europe, ahakoa kahore te tākaro i te tūranga ārahi i roto i te ahumahi o te rohe, engari ko te wāhi o tona ōhanga whānui.