Gas paipa ki Haina. Hoahoa me te hoahoa o te paipa hau ki Haina

hainatia Russia ko China he kirimana nui mo te supply o hau tūturu. tūmanakohia Gas paipa ki Haina te ki tukua "Gazprom" ki etahi ki tāwāhi, ka whai wāhi ki te angitu atu i roto i te mahi tahi i waenganui i te whenua e rua.

I hainatia te kirimana

I te mutunga o Mei 2014 i waenganui i te Russian me te Hainamana Republic o People (māngai e kamupene "Gazprom" ko CNPC) hainatia te whakaaetanga i runga i te supply o hau māori i to tatou whenua. hainatia te tuhinga i ka noho China he haerenga mōhiohio e Russian te peresideni. Ko te rōrahi o te kirimana - $ 400 piriona me tona roanga - 30 tau. Katoa tau, ka hei Tuhinga 38 piriona mita pūtoru o hau.

He ahurei ki "Gazprom" tenei kawenata. Ki te kahore atu taua whakaaetanga e kore kua ano i mutu te kamupene Russian. Ētahi tohunga whakapono e ka riro China hau i te utu o raro (e pā ana ki $ 350 ia mano mita pūtoru), e tano nei te Russia (tatou ui tuatahitia mo 400). Fakataha ki te kawenata i waenganui i te whenua e rua i haina te pukapuka o te matauranga i roto i te matua o te supply hau. ka hoki te mahia o te kirimana, ka hanga he paipa hau hou i Russia ki Haina.

ara uaua, ki te hainatanga

Just he torutoru ra i te aroaro o te hainatanga i waenganui Russia me China mahi hau i roto i ngā pāpāho korerotia e kua e kinakitia whiriwhiringa, me kua mutu kore kawenata e kore e taea e.

E whakaaro ēnei otinga e etahi tohunga ki te whai i etahi tika - e kore iti rawa no te mea te mea tonu e he torutoru nga tau e mua whakamātau ki te faaoti i te whakaaetanga pērā i waenganui Russia me China o te mea i tutuki. Tangohia, hei tauira, te St Petersburg Economic Forum i 2011: māngai o te kamupene hau Hainamana kua runga reira, engari kihai i tae i te kawenata ki nga hoa Russian. ko tautohe i runga i te utu i te take. Ētahi tohunga whakapono e taea e te hau Russian tapaea rua rite nui rite China tiki i ētahi atu whenua, i roto i ngā i āhua Āhia Central. Na reira, ko te pātai o mehemea ki te puta ranei e kore te paipa hau i Russia ki Haina, kua roa noho hāngai.

kirimana Gas: me pehea e pā reira nga whanaunga i waenganui i Russia me China?

whakatakotoria Fundamentals o te hononga rautaki i waenganui i Russia me Haina i roto i te 90. I roto i te 2001, hainatia te kāwanatanga i te kawenata i runga i nei i ki te hei i te tīaroaro o whanaunga pai-tupu, me te hoa. I roto i te 2011, i hanga whakamātau ki te iriti i te mahi tahi rautaki i roto i te manureva, a kua whakapono reira e te tahi mau tohunga, faaineine te ahunga whakamua o nāianei i roto i te kirimana hau.

He ko he putanga e te hainatanga tata o te kirimana te fafau i roto i ngā o painga pūtea mo te "Gazprom" kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i ngā o te kimi rauemi mo te whanaketanga o ētahi atu rāngai o te öhanga o whenua e rua. Kei te whakaritea te reira ki te mau rave rahi rauna o haumi i roto i te hanganga (hei tauira, te hanga o te piriti puta noa te awa Amur), ki te moni kaupapa e pā ana ki te tāpoi me te tautoko pāpori mo te ruhiruhia. Ka taea e Russian-Chinese mahi haere hohonu, me i roto i te rohe, rawa te hunga e ka e whakatakotoria i roto i ngā āhuatanga matua o te paipa hau.

Tiro rorotu

Ētahi tohunga whakapono e te hainatanga o te kirimana i waenganui i Haina me Russia i runga i kai hau me te kawenata hohoro ka e timata i te hanganga o te paipa hau ki Haina - he hui o te hiranga nui mo te ao katoa. Tenei, e mea kaitätari, ka hono i te ōhanga o whenua e rua, a ka kawea maha painga ki te katoa. He ko he putanga e e āta hanga taha e rua ātetenga anake ki tae te whakaaetanga i.

Ki te kahore i reira, te kirimana pea e kore i hainatia. Reira, kaitätari mea, he mea tino nui i te tīmatanga whakaturia Russia me Haina i te hua. I runga i te pae o te niupepa Hainamana nui ko te rangahau i roto i ngā kaiwhakamahi. Ko te pātai, ko: "He aha te mea nui ake ki a koutou - te meka o te hainatanga i te whakaaetanga i waenganui i Russia ko Haina, te painga ōhanga ranei?" Ka whiriwhiri te nuinga ngā kaiwhakamahi te kōwhiringa tuatahi. Na reira, ka taea e tatou te mea e te kāwanatanga Chinese he ki etahi whānuitanga kitea nga ngākau nuitanga o tangata. Hoki, kia rite ki kaitätari, ka āwhina i te kirimana hau whenua e rua ki te māia ake i roto i pā ana ki ngā take o te whanaketanga o te rohe Ahia-Kiwa. Te paturaa i te paipa ki a Haina, Russia, reira, ka taea e hoki ake i to ratou kaha tōrangapū ake.

Tiro fakatu'atamaki

He tohunga i roto i te putanga pāpāho e haina kirimana hau ki kihai i pai China hoki Russia. To tatou whenua, kia rite ki kaitautoko o tenei tirohanga, pea te tahi mea ki te riro i roto i ngā o te utu, engari ngaro i roto i ngā o te tikanga o te supply o hau. Tenei e korero tatou e pā ana ki te wāhi tango he utu ranei (e te tikanga "tango ranei utu"), e "Gazprom", rite ki te tikanga, ngā i roto i ona kirimana. Tohunga whakapono e kore i taea e te tūemi e hakari i roto i te hainatia i waenganui Russia me kawenata China.

Tenei e taea e arahi ki te meka e Russia, ka hanga utu hanganga hau supply ka fehangahangai hiahia ki te whakamahi i te reira kaha. Construction o te paipa hau ki Haina te kupu e taea e pai. Ka rite ki te hua, ka whai ki te rapu moni mo te utu o utu taea te kāwanatanga.

ka pehea te paipa

E tika ana e ka te paipa hau ki Haina kia patua i roto i te rohe o Altai. Ki te titiro koe ki te hītori o whanaunga Russian-Chinese i runga i te take hau, ka kitea e koutou e kite i tenei tauira i rite wawe rite te 90. Kua vai Natural Gas Arapaepoutū Kaupapa i roto i Haina mo te wa roa. Ko te pātai i anake i roto i te utu, engari inaianei e te noho ia, kia rite ki tohunga whakapono, i reira ko te pea e te kawenata, ka timata i te rōpū ki te whakatinana i te whakatangi i roto i te Altai. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te paipa e whai ake nei. Ko te roa o te aho ko te 2.6 mano km, kaha -. Mō 30 piriona mita pūtoru. Tenei ka tukua ki te tuku hau ki te pae production ngā i roto i Yamal rohe. I tua atu ki te "Altai" hau paipa ki Haina me mahere a Russia - ki te whakarite i te tuku o te wahie e te tahi atu peka. Ka ngā reira o te wāhanga o Yakutia ki Vladivostok me peka i roto i China e pā ana ki te taha Blagoveshchensk. Whanaketanga o te parae matua mō tenei miro - Chayandinskoye - ka e whakarewahia, rite ki te mahere o nga whenua e rua i roto i te 2019. Tenei kaupapa Ko te paipa hau ki Haina maha tohunga āhua tino pai whakaaro-i roto i, me te whai hua.

Ka rite ki ka pā i te kirimana atu hokohoko

E ai ki etahi economists, hainatia i waenganui Russia me Haina kua whakaae ki te kore tino pā te hononga hau i waenganui i "Gazprom" ko Europe. Te nuinga no te mea o te EU i roto i te heke mai tata kia whakauru i te mahi o te ora me te tīmata ki te pau iti hau. Ko te kirimana i waenganui i Russia ko Haina, tohunga te mea, e kore e riro i te sensation motuhake, rite te tahuri taua o ngā, i roto i te parau tumu, he mea tino arorau runga i te whakamārama o te mahere, ki te kia tukua i roto i te tau o mua. Na te paipa hau "Altai" i roto i China - e kore te mea he kaupapa hou.

Ano, kaitätari mea, ehara i te mea e tika ana ki te kite i te hono hāngai i waenganui i te aukati ki Russia no o te āhuatanga i roto i Ukraine. Whanaungatanga i waenga i Russia ko China, na e kore e kawe i te horopaki tōrangapū korerotia. He tino e i whakamahere Russia ki haina i te kirimana ki a Haina i mua roa i te mau ohipa o nāianei i roto i te ao te ao ētahi tohunga Pākehā.

whakaaro USA

Ētahi kaitätari US ahu ki te ui ki nga painga ki a Russia i haina i tētahi kirimana hau ki Haina e taea te whakamahi hoki ratou ake take te wawata Russian ki kia atu tiakina i aukati i whenua Western. whakapono US tohunga e kore katoa e pera mārama i runga i te utu kirimana, rite te mea te reira: i roto i to ratou tirohanga, ka utu China ki "Gazprom" he iti atu te mahi reira, mo te tauira, whenua Pākehā. I tenei kaupapa, Russia, kaitätari mea, Kei te hanga tonu tuuraa ra. Na China, te kupu 'aonga i haina i te kirimana - e rua i roto i ngā o te utu, me te i roto i ngā o te haratau o te wāhi o te paipa hau. I roto i te tahuri, whakapono nga Ameliká katoa i ka Russia - ko reira he wāhi ki te whakaatu i Europe ki etahi kai hau. I tua atu, kaitätari i te Hononga o Amerika, e kore he hehema ki te kia whakaaro te kōwhiringa tika ina te mea nui atu i o Europe tona fakafalala ohaoha i runga i China Russia. A me tango reira ki pūkete, ka hanga he paipa hau ki Haina, "Gazprom".

Ko te āwhata o te kirimana

Ko te kupu, ko te paipa hau ki Haina e homai hau Russian i roto i te hoa o 38 piriona mita pūtoru tau. He rota ranei he iti? Ni'ai ki te tatauranga e pā ana ki te hau tūturu hanganga supply o Russia i whenua rerekē o te ao. I te 2013, "Gazprom" ki te kaweake 196 piriona mita pūtoru o hau i roto i pipelines. Ko te auau teitei i roto i te whitu tau tenei. Ko te kaihoko matua o te hau Russian - whenua kore-Kihi. I roto i te 2012, ka hokona e ratou 138,8 piriona mita pūtoru o wahie. Ko te ngā kaiwhakauru matua o te hau Russian ko Germany, Turkey me Italy. I roto i tahuri, i te whenua Kihi me te āhua Baltic i roto i 2012 kaweake i 64,4 piriona mita pūtoru o wahie. Huri i te reira i roto i taua i te kai hau heke mai ki Haina - ko reira e pā ana ki te 20% o te mahi o "Gazprom" nāianei. Ko te mākete Chinese ai, Na, kia he whakakapinga mō te hawhe o te mea pau ratou whenua e tata ana, me te neke atu i te hauwhā - i kaihoko Pākehā (ki te tango tatou rite te pūtake o 2012 whika). Ko te pātai, ko te, pehea hohoro kia hanga te paipa hau taua ki Haina mā te Altai.

He aha hau Russian ki Haina?

Ētahi tohunga whakapono: Me China he kore iti iho i te Federation Russian hau Russian - kaweake. Ko te āhuatanga matua o tenei āhuatanga hono ki te ōhanga o Haina me te āhuatanga kaiao i roto i te whenua. I te 2013, i kawemai e pā ana ki te toru o te hau i roto i China. Ko te wahi o te wahie kawemai, kaitätari mea, Kei te tipu haere, kia rite ki piki tono kāinga i roto i China. Ki te i roto i te 2012 ko 5.4% te wahi o te hau i roto i te kohi pūngao i roto i Haina, i roto i te 2014 ahua matapae o 6.3%.

E ai ki ngā matapae a te kāwanatanga Hainamana, i roto i te 2015 e hiahia te ōhanga o te whenua 230 piriona mita pūtoru o wahie. moni tika o te hanga hau e kore he nui i roto i China. tupu ratou (e 12% ia tau), engari e kore e rite ki nohopuku rite tona kohi (18% ia tau). He nui hoki ngā āhuatanga taiao. Me China ki kia iritihia ki kora e meinga te kino iti ki te taiao. Gas, kia rite ki te tahi mau tohunga - te kōwhiringa pai. Rawa e tino hohoro reira ka waiho he kaupapa faahiahia o te hau paipa ki Haina.

E whai whakataetae Russia?

Na te matua e rua kaiwhakarato hau māori i roto i te PRC - ko Turkmenistan (i roto i te 2012 kua whakaturia tenei whenua i roto i China e pā ana ki 20 piriona mita pūtoru o hau) me Qatar. I roto i nga tau e haere mai ana, tohunga te mea, te ahua o tāwāhi i te käwanatanga Soviet mua taea tae 65 piriona atu kaituku hau i roto i China -. Ahitereiria, Malaysia, Indonesia, Yemen. Huri i te reira i roto i taua Russia ko i te kau - te whakatauranga kuware, me tona tap ki te paipa ki a Haina e riro i te kaha whakataetae ki ētahi atu whenua.