Gondola: ngā whakaritenga. Gondola ao

Construction o kaata utanga hanga i roto i te ara taua e noho muri kawea rauemi raw me hua tonu. I tua atu, ki te whakatau kia waiho taputapu rerewhenua rite i roto i te ara pēnei i te tautuku ki transportation taea kia rite nohopuku rite taea. Momo He maha ngā waka utanga. kia kawea Transportation ai i roto i, hei tauira, hoppers ranei i runga i ngä tüäpapa. whai ngā rerekē katoa o enei tauira. Gondola ao, Heoi, ko tēnei wā nga momo tino whānui o te rerewē whakamahia nga wahi katoa.

Āhuatanga hoahoa

Ko te huru matua o hariata o tenei momo ko te ngaro o te tuanui, me te taha tiketike. E ringihia kawenga transportable i roto i tenei take ranei tāpae ki te tinana i runga ake - i te taputapu motuhake. Kei te maha teie mahana i runga i rerewē Russian whakamahia te ahua motuhake o ngā waka gondola rawa ki te tuanui tango. Ko te painga o enei tauira ko te humarie o te utanga o ngā ki te kaha ki te kawe, tae atu tairongo ki te tikanga huarere kino o ngā hua ranei rauemi raw.

He aha e taea te whakamahi

Gondola hangaia mō te transportation o utanga matua nuinga, me te whānui. Kia kawea i roto i a ratou melkokuskovannye hoki, ka tākai. Na, mo te tauira, kei te maha kawea i roto i te kaata tuwhera he utanga nuinga, pēnei i:

• ore rino;
• kohatu, me te kirikiri mongamonga;
• gangue (i runga i poma);
• waro;
• rangitaki me te rakau;
• rai witi, te witi, me ētahi atu

Ko reira hoki te transportation o taonga, me te mea he tauira kahore te tuanui ngā whakaritenga e tika ana. Gondola tatau te tikanga i runga i te ara i roto i 1520, kite, a reira e taea te whakahaeretia anake i roto i Russia me te whenua Kihi mua.

tauira noa

Ki te rā, whakamahia te rerewē Russian e rave rahi momo o kaata tuwhera ao. Ko te māka o ia ahua te tikanga hakari he 12. He tohu i i gon ia. kia rerekē tauira rite ki ngā paearu: te mōrahi aravihi, rōrahi, roa, tere hoahoa, ora.

āhuatanga hangarau

I te mea tawhā rerekē reira gon tei, runga ake katoa, mahi. I roto i te ripanga i raro ka taea e koe te kite i te tauira ngā he ngā. Gondola, whakaaro reira, whakamahia i runga i rerewē Russian atu pinepine.

Ko te āhuatanga o te gondola, rite kite koe, e taea rerekē tino. Anō i runga i tenei tauira ngā taea te whakamahi mō te transportation o rerekē buka utanga. gondolas mahinga o tenei tohu, Heoi, ko te tata motuhake. Ko te mana matua i runga i te moni ōhanga o te whakamahi o te tauira ngā he take tino rerekē. Kei te matua i whakaritea mahi motokā e hāngai ana i runga i tona kaha amo.

Frein e rite rawa taua tauira katoa e kore anake ki whāhauhau aunoa, engari ano hoki waka ā-. Hoki, i roto i te nuinga o te wā, gondolas i coupler aunoa hangaia mō te honohono hanganga o wae, kahore wawaotanga tangata.

Bodywork

Ko te āhuatanga hangarau o te wahi matua o te gondola he whakaritenga motuhake. tinana Tāpare taua momo o tauira o ua whakakaha (rere haere te tuaka pokapū) o te kurupae, arā, o rua pūkete tahi Z-āhua ka paiherea. Utanga pereoo te tikanga hangaia i whakarewa. I te wa ano kua reira he casing vyshtampovki waka-āhua. tinana e whakapakeketia taha gondola anga motuhake arā, o tia runga me raro, kokonga, kaurori takawaenga me whata.

anga I o te tinana motokā ki te kōhiwi. I reira, i roto i era atu mea, whakanohoia nga āhuatanga o te taputapu braking, me ngā pūrere ru-umeraa. I roto i te hoki o te motokā te tikanga he tatau mutunga e rua. e hiahiatia ana e ratou, rawa ki te whakahaere i te mahi o loaders. Ko te whakamutunga i roto i te aroaro o taua tāpiringa i te kaha ki te karanga tika ki te gondola. I tua atu, pahemo i roto i te kuwaha maha utaina mihini whaiaro-tīhokatia.

Ko te raro o te waka gondola e te nuinga o rite rawa ki te inihi, taiapa me matau hangaia ki te mau utanga. Ēnei āhuatanga hanga reira taea ki te whakaora ki ratou haumaru ūnga me te tangi nga taonga.

Loading me unloading o waka gondola pao

kua ringihia lumpy rauemi raw ki taraka, rite kua whakahuatia i runga ake. Tangotango te taua i roto i tenei take e taea te mahi i te reira i roto i ara e rua. I te tahi taime te whakamana ai i runga i te tilter motuhake ki te kāmera tangohanga. Ko ringihia te nuinga o utanga nuinga katoa e te katoa i runga i te patunga witi, e te mea he uhi o te maha manholes. I roto i tenei take, he panaia mua hariata-ki te ara motuhake ki te farii i runga i ngā taha e rua. Next te patototanga atu kuhunga mo utanga potae ssypaniya. More maha atu i te tekau ma wha gondola rawa ki pao raro. I te tahi taime to ratou tau ko 16. hoki tauira rite rawa ki te hipoki tango, i reira e ano nga pao runga. E whakamahia ratou mo rauemi utanga nuinga hua ranei.

cars Gondola, whakaaro motuhake me hoppers

Ko te tauira te ao ki tangotango Ko te whakamarie tino ki te whakamahi i pao, no te mea kua ratou āhuatanga hangarau pai. Gondola cars, whakaaro motuhake, engari i ētahi wā e taea te whakamahi i runga i te reriwe. he mea motu tangotango pao i roto i enei tauira, me he matapo ratou taiepa taha. e kore e wātea tatau Whakamutunga i roto i o ratou tinana. Whakamahia taua gondola matua hoki transportation o utanga katia ara motuhake.

Tino maha, a kei te whakamahia hoppers mo te transportation o ngā rauemi mata. Na ka karanga tauira o te puka o te moka. taea hoki te pēnei ratou ki tetahi o nga momo o tuwhera-tihi waka. Body i roto i enei tauira ko te kōrere trapezoidal ki pao kei i te raro. Ko te painga o tenei momo o waka gondola, i roto i era atu mea, ngā te humarie o te unloading.

Tipper (dumpkary)

Ko te āhuatanga matua o enei tauira ko te taiepa taha iti o te tinana. e kore he nui rawa te āhuatanga o te gondola o tenei momo. Otiia, ki te tika, waka putunga taha ngāwari noho. I roto i tenei take, ka taea e te tüäpapa motokā ano kia tītaha ki te taha. Ka rite ki te hua, kei te tino ringihia te kawenga ki te kaiwhiwhi. Ko te taha o te tinana i roto i te waka putunga e ipurau whāhauhau waipēhi ranei motuhake. E whakamahia te nuinga peheé gondolas i roto i te ahumahi waro me te maitai. I roto i te take tuatahi e kawea ratou overburden, i roto i te tuarua - te toka ore ranei. kia tae Taumaha dumpkarov 145 taranata atu ranei.

Gondola ao: Mahinga

I teie mahana, i runga i nga huarahi o Russia me nga whenua Kihi mua haereere waiwai wha- anake me te tauira motokā waru-gondola. Ko te momo tuarua ko, o te akoranga, atu hua. e kore e Taumaha waka chetyrehosnyh nui 70-75 m. Ko te rerekētanga i roto i tenei take e taea e me / haunga te kotahi ton. Ētahi o te tauira kotahi, kia te whakamahi kaata e waru-uehā ki te kawe 130 tana o utanga. I te tahi taime Railways me ahumahi whakahaere me te atu te utu waka gondola te ao hou, hangaia hoki 200 taranata.

Tara

I raro i tenei ariā e pā ana ki te taimaha o te gondola kau. Tei te nuinga tenei ahua i runga i te maha o toki o te tauira me te te rōrahi o tona tinana. Nuinga o ngā wā, kei te whakamahia te rerewē gondola taimaha 21-22 tana. Heoi, i reira he tauira taimaha, e paunatia 29-43 taranata.

He aha ngā tipu e whai wāhi i roto i te whakangao

puta te gondola tuatahi ao i roto i Russia i 1861. I hokona ratou ki waho mo Grushevskii rerewē me te tikanga mo te transportation o waro. I muri, tuhi Engineers wheketere Russian ratou hoahoa, a ka timata te taua waka ki te kia hua tika i roto i to tatou whenua. I teie mahana, te hanga o taua hanganga wāhi i roto i te 11 kamupene nui kei roto i te rohe rerekē o Russia.

Na, mo te tauira:

1. Ural Railway Car Plant, hanga i roto i te 30raa o te rau tau whakamutunga, i roto i te tau hua e pā ana ki 17 mano. Peheé tauira.
2. Products Tikhvin nga hinonga o tenei whāiti ko 12% o te mākete Russian.
3. kaha Production o te tipu Tver hangaia ki te whakaputa i 1000 waka o whakaaro rerekē ia tau. Tenei kamupene, i roto i era atu mea, hua me waka pāhihi.
4. Kaliningrad Tuhinga Works kaiwhakawhiwhi ona hua ki te mākete neke atu i te 150 tau. I te kau, ko ia anake te kaiwhakawhanake me te kaiwhakarato nui ki te dumpkarov mākete Russian.

Ko te kaiwhakarato matua o tuwhera-tihi waka i roto i te mākete Russian i te kau, ko te Ural Plant (DC). I tua atu ki ngā tauira kāinga, kei te maha whakamahia Railways ka hangaia i roto i te hinonga Ukraine Krukovka.

whakaritenga o GOST

O te akoranga, i roto i te hanga o ngā waka gondola, me te tetahi atu technique me te whakatau koe etahi paerewa. pera:

• mo te hanga o ngā hanganga tautoko tukua ki te whakamahi i anake maitai iti-koranu waikura ranei;
• rite rawa pūnaha wahia gondola i runga i te pūtake whakahauanga te ki poraka hiato;
• ka huihui mai huānga motuhake ki te kia whakamahia tika tikanga tuhinga fehokotaki'anga paerewa.

No te waka peita, kia whakamahia rite ki te tikanga anake ngā peita GOST. Tohu i runga i te tinana, me te anga, ko te tika ki te tono anake i roto i nga wahi ngā tuhinga.

utu o te taputapu

Na roto i te hoko i te gondola, te tikanga utu te kamupene whakarongo ki tona kaha kawenga, noho pai o te whakamahi, tau o hanga, me te ora ratonga. Fele, i enei tohu, me te utu, tei runga i te tauira motuhake. timata utu Wholesale mō te taputapu ao e pā ana ki 650-700 mano. moni.

Tino maha kore kamupene e whiwhi i te pereoo rerewē me te tango i te reira i roto i. Ko te nuinga o te utu o taua ratonga e pā ana ki 700 moni ia ra.

kōwhiringa

Fakataha ki te waka gondola tūturu i te kaiwhakanao, rite ki te tikanga, ka tukua ki te kaihoko:

• puka whārangi VU4 Hangarau;
• tohutohu whakahaere;
• whakaahuatanga hangarau o te tauira.

Hoki, i roto i runga i te kirimana supply, oti ki waka gondola taea haere tuhinga hanga me ngā wāhanga e manawapa. kawea taputapu Transportation hokona ki te wahi o te mahi e rite utanga i runga i o ratou toki.