Haurongo Puankare Anri. Whakapae Anri Puankare

Jules-Anri Puankare - he kaiputaiao anaana, he kōtaha whanui o te mahi i tohua he takoha nui i roto i te maha ngā wāhi o te ahupūngao, te pāngarau me te rehe. ka tenei tangata te kaiwhakarewa o tikanga kounga o āhuawhatunga me te ariā o whārite pārōnaki, i hanga e ia te pūtake o te ariā o te pūmautanga o te nekehanga. "Pūtaiao me whakapae" Anri Puankare - mahi, kua meinga nei te aronui, ako e ngā ākonga katoa o ngā whare wānanga hangarau.

pūtaiao

Tuhinga Poincaré roa i mua i ngā pepa a Einstein roto i te kupu o te tikanga matua o te ariā o te ngä. Hei tauira, te parau tumu o ngä, te ngä o te ariā o te simultaneity, karaka tukutahitanga i tohu marama, Lorentz, pumau tere o te marama, ōrite o te whārite Maxwell, me te tini ke atu.

whakawhanakehia Puankare Anri te tikanga tawhā iti a faaohipa i te reira ki raruraru i roto i te rehe tiretiera, ako hoki ia takitahi matarohia raruraru toru-tinana. Ahakoa i roto i te kaupapa i taea e ki te hanga i tētahi aronga tino hou, ka karanga conventionalism ia.

tamarikitanga

Wāhi o te pūtaiao nui i roto i Lorraine i Nancy i France April 29, 1854. Tona papa - Leon Puankare - i taua wa ko tonu rawa taitamariki, engari kua pai-mohiotia i roto i te pa, me te karapoti rohe i te tākuta ki te meka ko ia rangahau taiwhanga pukumahi a kauhau i te Medical Faculty o te University. Tona whaea - Eugenia - te whakatairanga i ngā tamariki. kihai i meinga i te tamahine rite nui āwangawanga rite te iti Jules-Anri Puankare: ka rongonui tona mana'ona'oraa ki te wā.

kihai i mohio e tenei hē kī congenital hoatu rite te whakaaro i roto hohonu, me te rawa e pehia i te mooni Mother. I tua atu, i muri i te diphtheria riro Anri Puankare te kounga hou - oro oro e pā ana ki etahi tae. He wā tamariki (rawa wahangu e natula) i tenei kounga. Anri Puankare i pupuri i tenei kaha mo te ora.

kura te kāinga

whai wāhi ia ki te tamaiti, he tino mataotao me te tangata o te mātauranga whānui, he kaiako whanau - Alphonse Gintselin. I tua atu ki te ture o te wetereo, hītori, geography me te koiora tamaiti hohoro taukei ngā mahi tauhanga wha katoa a ka ngāwari ki te tatau i roto i to koutou hinengaro. kihai i mahi Kaiwhakaako waiho ia, e kore ratou e tuhituhi tetahi mea, na te mahara māna kua pai o te tamaiti te mauähara o ka whakakaha. E te ara, te warea whakairoiro o ana āhuatanga kihai i rite ia, i te reta ore tamau. haere te reira i ki, haunga te tikanga.

lyceum

nansiyskom kaiako Lyceum koa e ako ratou ākonga kia mahira, me te uaua rite Puankare Anri. ka e ia he taua whakangungu kāinga pai, i timata tonu ki te ako i roto i te kōeke tuarua. tuhinga roa nehenehe i tuhituhia, tauhanga, rawa, i te mea ohie i te reira, engari te aroha motuhake hoki a ia, e kore i ia ano ite.

he torutoru anake nga tau i muri mai ki a Puankare Anri whaea ka haere mai kaiako te heihei o, ka poropiti tana tama a muri nui pāngarau. Ko, ahakoa tenei, tonu te tamaiti ana akoranga i roto i te tari tuhinga mā te tirotiro i te Latino me nga waiata onamata. Ko neke atu i tonu ohaoha mātauranga toi i te pūtaiao nui ma ono nga tau hoki. I te wa taua i reira nga ngā o mahu'inga nui i roto i te ora o kahore anake France engari ano hoki te katoa o Europe: te Franco-Prussia War me te Paris korerorero.

whare wānanga

Double hoko he BA (Toi Reo me Sciences), ka timata Puankare Anri ako pāngarau timatanga - inaianei tino anaanatae. Na āhuahanga, me te taurangi, me te tātari pāngarau - sverhseroznaya tenei katoa tuhinga pūtaiao i rite te whāki i, mo'oni savored ia nga aho tohi a Rouche, Bertrand, Haraha, Duhamel hoki ia. pāngarau Elementary te kupu ia ako i roto i te tau.

Ecole polytechnique

I roto i te tikanga ki te mahi i roto i te kāwanatanga ranei i roto i te ope i roto i te tūranga hangarau pai, ka Puankare Anri te ākonga o te Ecole Polytechnique, te wahi, kahore he feaa, i roto i te mata i roto i te ākonga tuatahi i roto i tata katoa kaupapa. kihai i manuïa ia i roto i te tuhi, tuhi, me ngā take hōia.

I roto i ana tuhinga, hei tauira, i reira ko kahore he whakarara ūngutu ranei, te wahi i mahara ratou ki hei, ranei ara tika rārangi tika. Otiia i roto i te ahupūngao, te matū me te pāngarau, ko ia kia kaha, e kore i ana hoa i kitea. I puta ia i te heke mai Ecole Polytechnique pūtaiao nui tonu ana akoranga i te Mountain, i kua tangohia e tino mo te rangahau tūturu.

kura o Pahū

Ngā whakaaro e rapu ka kitea he ara i roto o tona whakaaro i roto i tona rangahau i te kura o Mines, i roto i te tau torutoru ka hei te turanga o te tuhinga whakapae täkutatanga. Katoa kihai i taua whakaaro pāngarau, kua mutu ia ki te kia ngā, me te haunga o tetahi anake mineralogy. A e kore e ara te mineralogy me tona wāhanga mo mātauranga tioata. No te mea mea katoa i mohio ia e te wa Anri Puankare i te pūtaiao, Loach vilos huri noa te ariā o ngā rōpū, te wahi i nga kinematics o totoka me mātauranga tioata - tetahi o nga ngā matua o te tono o tenei peka o te pāngarau, i tata waitara. Heoi ka tuhituhia te tuhituhinga. Kua riro ia maha ekea i te ahorangi me pūtaiao. kua homai tuhinga whakapae te tika ki te whakaako i roto i ngä whare wänanga, atu i te aivanaa nui a ka mau etahi wa mahi i runga i te tohatoha o Vesoul i te maina. I roto i te 1979, Anri Puankare University, tae i roto i te Cannes ki whakaako tātari pāngarau.

whakatakotoria 1881

I roto i te 1881, whakaputaina te moheni French pūtaiao tino mana te tuhinga i runga i te mahi Poincaré Fuchsian, i ko he pakaruhanga i te pūtaiao o pāngarau. Neke atu i te te rua tau i muri mai, i reira i neke atu i te rua tekau-rima tuhinga. timata mathematicians Pākehā ki āta aroturuki nga hikoinga o te whakamarama pāngarau hou.

mahi Fuchsian whakatapua ki te rima tetahi oko, ia o nei ko te kitea pūtaiao tūturu. Ahakoa te ruku hohonu tino ki pāngarau i roto i 1881 e Jules-Anri Puankare wā ki te hinga i roto i te aroha, te tiki faaipoipo, me te neke ki tona whānau i Normandy ki Paris, ki te tīmata whakaako i te whare wānanga i.

Paris

I roto i te whare wānanga o te whakapaipai pūtaiao taitamariki e i kawea atu ki te whakapai kanohi ki te pārōnaki whārite, hononga wāhi me ratou ngā motuhia me ngā hurihanga rohe, e tohu ana i te peka hou o te pāngarau me te mea he pūtaiao wha rangahau nui. Puankare Anri rua tekau-whitu pōtitia nei mau papa'iraa i puta i roto i pukapuka, ki te okioki i runga i to tatou tatü i kore, no te mea i tikanga kounga ariā whārite diffentsialnyh noa kahore tetahi. Tenei apa faufaa hou o te pāngarau e hiahiatia ana ako atu: tikanga o tawhā iti ki te ariā o invariants wāhi, me te ariā o te pūmautanga o whārite pārōnaki i roto i te tawhā iti me ngā āhuatanga tuatahi.

Kua i 1886, ka Anri Puankare te matenga o te tari o te ahupūngao pāngarau me te ariā tūponotanga i te University o Paris, a i roto i 1887 i pōtitia ia he mema o te French Academy o Sciences. Tuwhera aru nga āhuatanga: te ariā o ngā mahi automorphic, āhuawhatunga combinatorial, pārōnaki āhuahanga, āhuawhatunga taurangi, ariā tūponotanga, tātari mahi , a he tokomaha atu mara o te matauranga e kore te mea ngaro ki Puankare Anri.

ahupūngao

wiri-ahu toru o tātai ahupūngao pāngarau o te ariā o te whakatö poipoi (ttara), āriponga wera raruraru, te ariā o te pūmanawa, te pūtake o te parau tumu o Dirichlet - e kore katoa i taua mea te uiui, tukua a mohiotia he kaipūtaiao anaana i roto i te wā poto rawa o te wa ko tenei. Ka rite ki te tamaiti, i tiaki ai ia e inaha i te rire o te whetu o te po, a ka mohio inaianei pakeke Poincaré e kore nga tinana te rangi whakarato anake te marama e taea te kite te iwi i te kanohi kikokiko, engari te atu, mohio, haamaramaramaraa i te hinengaro. "Pūtaiao me whakapae" Anri Puankare - mahi, whakahekea marama i runga i maha ngā take mo te perception tangata o ari pūtaiao.

I roto i te 1889, riro ia he tohu ao mo tona mahi i runga i "rehe tiretiera", te ahupūngao toru-tinana, te moto o i mahi ai rite te string o rotarota onamata i roto i Latin: Nunquam praescriptos transibunt sidera whaina - "Kaua e haere i te rohe i whakaritea o te ao." ako atu o tenei rohe hua i roto i te pukapuka e toru-rōrahi "tikanga New o rehe tiretiera", ka he aronui o rangahau pūtaiao, e kore anake i roto i te tātai arorangi me te rehe, engari ano hoki i roto i rehe aronui me te ahupūngao tauanga. Ka rite ki te hua, Ahorangi Puankare Anri i te Sorbonne, i karangatia ki te upoko i te tari o rehe tiretiera reira, a ka whakaae te tuku. haere kotahi tekau nga tau o ako te ariā o te tūponotanga, me te ahupūngao pāngarau i Paris rite ra kotahi.

kōmata

Mahi Puankare Anri "Science me whakapae" i whakaputaina i roto i te 1902, ka huaina i roto i ngā porowhita pūtaiao nui te kōwarotanga, mai tuhituhi te kaiputaiao, runga ake katoa, te tirohanga e reira he kahore tino i roto i te tetahi - e kore i roto i te wāhi ranei i te wa, te iwi ite nekehanga tino whanaunga, ara ia ratou ua rerekē. Whakaritea anake meka kia mīhini, me te hunga kahore āhuahanga-Euclidean kore e kore e taea te i titiro rite pūtaiao.

I roto i te ora o te Poincaré ka momo katoa o taitara, tohu me paraihe, kua huaina ai i muri i te Institute Paris o Pāngarau me te rua nui i runga i te (pouri) taha o te marama.