He aha te mea te auau kore mahi? Me pēhea te ki te whakatau i te taumata o te kore mahi i roto i te whenua?

Hoki te maha o nga tau i roto i te rarangi, etahi kaitätari me tohunga ōhanga matapae te tīmatanga o te whakahekenga ohaoha i roto i Russia. Tenei āhuatanga e faatupu te rota o raruraru mo te tangata noa, te matua o nei - te auau kore mahi i roto i te whenua. Hono ako tenei whakahaere take pērā i Rostrud - mahi e hānga ana, rere e te Tāhuhu o Reipa ko Haumarutanga Social.

Otiia, e kore e taea te i titiro te auau kore mahi hei mehua tino o whakapawera te whenua o. Te reira i katoa tei runga i te āhua o e hanga nga tātai. Ko te meka e taea te pakari te pēnei e kore kāwai katoa o te iwi ki te maha o kore mahi. He aha te mea tenei, me pehea ki te whakatau i te taumata o te kore mahi i roto i te whenua? Kia titiro a i roto i te kōrero atu.

Ko te ariā me whakamāramatanga

Ko te wā "kore mahi" e pā ana ki te āhuatanga i reira kaha i roto i ngā ōhanga o te taupori taea ki te kitea te mahi utua a te kupu riro i te ahua o pauna kawenga mo te toenga o te noho o te kāwanatanga. Ka rite ki tautuhia e te International Reipa Whakahaere, te kore mahi - he tangata e hiahia ana ki te mahi me te he taea tinana, engari e kore e kitea i te reira i te wāhi mahi ngā.

I roto i te tikanga ki te tika tātai tohu katoa, tuatahi matou me wehe te taupori katoa ki 2 rōpū:

1. Ōhanga hohekore (EN) - te hunga tangata e kore e taea te i titiro rite kaha mahi mo te ngā take. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• kura ngā ākonga wā-tonu;
• mutu, ai te mea kotiti hua whakatā turanga taumahi;
• tangata whai wāhi i roto i te whare, te tiaki mo te mate, tamariki, a na reira i taea ki te mahi;
• iwi matekiri ki tou rapu mahi, me te faaea i te tamata;
• e kore e tika e hiahia ana ki te mahi ranei e kore e whai i te hiahia taua.

2. hohe Ōhanga (EA) - te taupori taea-marohirohi o te whenua, he kē he mahi ranei kei roto i te rapu mātātoa o ia. wehea hoki atu tenei wahi ki e rua ngā kāwai:

• pukumahi (B) - tangata (ahakoa o te tau) e mahi, ka kia utua mo ratou mahi, me te hunga e mahi mo te pai, mo te tauira, he pakihi whānau, a kahore te te utu riro;
• kore mahi (B) - wāhanga o te taupori taipakeke mahi, e kua kahore akomanga, mo e manako ana i te moni; i roto i te take o te horo'a nei mahi he rite ki te timata mahi tonu; Kei te kaha te titiro (e tuku mahi, haere ki te pokapū mahi hoa ranei, haere hokohokonga mahi, aha ...); rere whakangungu (ritenga) i te ratonga mahi.

I roto i te whānui taea tatou te mea e tautuhia te auau kore mahi kei te rite te ōwehenga o te kāwai muri i te uiui e matou te katoa maha o EA (taupori kaha ōhanga). Engari ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te iti i muri mai.

Āhuatanga e pa ana i te taumata o te kore mahi

I mua ki te whakatau i te taumata o te kore mahi i roto i te whenua, ko te ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te mea pānga tenei taupū. I te kore mahi pānga he maha nui o ngā āhuatanga i roto i te whenua, i roto i nei he he torutoru taketake:

• tupu heke o te ōhanga ranei;
• tatauranga;
• mahi hua;
• te hiahia o te taupori ki te huri i mahi mahi huri ranei;
• take hapori nui: kore o te mātauranga, hapūtanga, waipiro whakawhirinaki tarukino ranei, aha noa;.
• te putanga me te hiahiatanga mo te momo ngā o te mahi.

taipitopito atu ui ki enei āhuatanga, i reira e rave rahi ngā momo rerekē o te kore mahi.

He aha te mea te reira?

Tangata e hiahia ana ki te mohio me pehea ki te whakatau i te taumata o te kore mahi i roto i te whenua, kia kia mōhio e kia whai i tēnei āhuatanga rerekē mahi i runga i ona rānei momo. Kore mahi kia:

• Tūao. e pā ana tēnei momo te ki te meka e kore te tahi mau iwi e hiahia ana ki te mahi i raro i etahi tikanga, hei tauira i roto i te wā i reira te utu iti. Ano, i reira te mea he ariā i roto i economics rite te "mahanga kore mahi". puta tenei āhuatanga ka, tonu ngā tonu hoki ngā take i te taumata o te moni o te tangata, ahakoa o ahakoa mahi reira e kore ranei. Hei tauira, ka te nui o te painga utua e te kāwanatanga, he tata rite ki te utu e whakaarohia ana. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, e kore e te faaitoitoraa ki te mahi i roto i te tangata te tīariari.
• Whakaū. Āhuatanga e te meka e te tangata e whai i te hiahia ki te tiki i te mahi, me te pai ki te whawhai, tika e kore e taea e kitea i te mahi. Tenei tupu ina nui te utu tūturu e e whai wāhi ana ki te taurite o te supply, me te tono. arata'i tenei ki te meka e timata i te tono ki te nui tono.

Ka taea te wehea kore mahi tumu ki 3 momo:

• puta tukanga ina arata'i mechanization (aunoatanga) hanga ki te tuwhene o kaimahi ratou kore o tohu ranei;
• āhuatanga kaupeka o te tahi mau ahumahi wahi he wā production;
• Kei te āhuatanga i te reira na roto i te heke taiāwhio recurrent i roto i te hanga i roto i te rohe ngā ranei i roto i te whenua katoa.

Ētahi atu e pā ana ki whakaaro

taea te kitea ngā atu e rave rahi momo:

• Puta Institutional ka te wawaotanga o ngā uniana ranei te kāwanatanga i roto i te whakatakoto auau utu i roto i te ofatiraa o te ture o te ōhanga mākete.
• puta Structural i whakakore ōhanga tawhitotia, me te takanga o ngaio hou tono tohu motuhake.
• Ko te waku e pā ana ki te huringa noa o mahi, putanga (i roto i) o (c) poroporoaki hapūtanga, huringa o te noho, a pera i runga i; te nuinga o āhua wā-poto.

Ka taea hoki te tohatoha tetahi 2 momo o kore mahi: te rēhita me te huna. faaite Tuatahi i te ōwehenga o te taupori kore mahi, mana whāngai i pūkete o te mahi mahi ki te katoa maha o te taupori taea-marohirohi. whakaahua ana i te rua o te tokomaha o te tangata e kore i rēhita mahi ōkawa anake ranei, engari i roto i te meka tonoa i runga i tau faafaaearaa i tona ake utu e tika ana ki raro pukapuka production.

Te auau kore mahi i roto i te whenua: te tātai mō te tātai

Ia o enei momo he ona tikanga ake o te tātai, engari ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki ahua atu whānui. faaite te tātai mō te whakatau i te taumata o te kore mahi te rite te ōwehenga o te katoa maha o kore mahi ki te maha o te taupori kaha ōhanga. rite tenei titiro reira:

K = (B * 100%) / EA,

i reira EA = H + B (B - taupori mahi: B - kore mahi).

Here te pehea, ki te whakatau i te taumata o te kore mahi i roto i te whenua. E haaputuhia Tatauranga te hāngai i runga i enei tātaitanga.

nunu'a ohaoha

e he hiahia i roto i te āhua o ki te whakatau i te taumata o te kore mahi i roto i te whenua te tangata, kia hoki kia mōhio e faatupu tenei āhuatanga i te mau hopearaa kino makona nui. Mai i te wāhi ōhanga o te tirohanga, he hua i roto i te kore mahi arata'i ki te hua fakamolé Goszanyatosti moni mo te utu o painga kore mahi ki tangata rēhita. Te whakanui ake i te tokomaha o te kore mahi mahia e parekura pūtea moni , me takoha moni whiwhi, i te mea tino māori: kahore mahi, kahore utu, a konei te takoha ki te utu kaua e tetahi.

Ko tētahi atu ōhanga kore mahi nā ko te heke i roto i te mana hoko o tangata. I roto i te hononga ki te mate o mahi pūmau, e takoha iwi ki te whakaiti ratou moni ki te iti.

tauwehe pāpori

I roto i te raruraru pāpori taea te huaina kinonga ahu whakamua o te hapori. ngaro te tangata tona mahi, mona i kore te moni anake. ngaro ia ngā pūkenga, te māia-whaiaro, e maha pouri, te uaua reira ki te rapu atu. Rawa kino ko te āhuatanga taua i roto i te iwi taitamariki, te wahi i te kore o te wheako me te whakangungu ngaio tino whakaiti te tūponotanga o te mahi. I roto i taua huru, kia hiahia te teina whakatupuranga wahi puta rapu mahi o te mahi-kore, hara.

Ko te wheako o ōhanga whenua whakawhanakehia whakaatu e kore e taea ki te akakoromaki i te raruraru anake te mākete. tino i reira ka rapua e wawao a te kāwanatanga, tona awhina me te āwhina.

tatauranga

E ai ki economists, te raruraru ko te kore o te mahi tūturu, nui atu iti iho ranei rohe. I roto i te pa nui, kua kore te reira tata ua, i pa ririki, me te reo-rahi, me te mea i runga i te taha o, ko tino whakapeka te pātai. Ēnei tohu i te pā tōraro i runga i te auau kore mahi i roto i te whenua.

Tauanga mea e te auau i raro o kore mahi o te taupori pūkete hoki 1990 me o 5.2%. Īhaka, Kei te wahi faatiti'aifarohia te mana o ōhanga whakahau te Soviet Union o tenei raruraru. Ko te uara mōrahi o te ahua tae i roto i te 1998 (13.2%).

I roto i te tika kia tuhia te reira e kua heke te pānga o ngā kaupapa here tūmatanui painga ki enei tohu, me i 2007 te auau kore mahi i roto i te whenua (fakapapau'i Tatauranga tenei) ki 6.1%. I roto i te heke mai, fluctuated enei tohu i +/- 1.5-2% ki 5.3% i te mutunga o 2014.

Ko te matapae mō te Russia mō te 2014-2015

Na te aha e pā ana ki tenei ra? Kia pehea te kua te taumata o te kore mahi i roto i te whenua? I roto i Russia, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, i reira kua tata kua he tupu on o tenei āhuatanga. Ko tenei tika ki te hekenga i roto i te reiti me pukapuka o production, me, rite te putanga, whakaiti o ngā kaimahi. A ki te mea te whika i 5.5% te matapae, ki economists, i te mutunga o 2015, ka whakatika te auau kore mahi e pā ana tere, ka tae 6.4% i tuhituhia i roto i Hānuere i tēnei tau.

Ko reira taa'eraa e te aroturuki o economists IMF tata rawa hāngai ki te whakaaro o ngā tohunga Russian. Ko te take mo te āhuatanga i taua i roto i te mākete mahi ko tino he raruraru i roto i te Eurozone, me te, o te akoranga, te wāhanga tōrangapū. aukati Economic ki Russia he mārama te pānga kino i runga i etahi rāngai o te ōhanga, me te pei i te tau nui o pūtea. Tamahanahana Ko te meka e, rite ki whakatau tata o te IMF, e 2016 ähuareka paku te āhuatanga, me te ka maturuturu te auau kore mahi i rite nui rite te hawhe ōrau.