Russian ara waka ao. Te hanganga me te whanaketanga o ngā ara waka ao

Te whanaketanga ōhanga whānui o tetahi rohe tei te nuinga i runga i te taumata o tona whanaketanga waka. Na konei he o faufaa nui nga ara waka ao. hono ratou te whenua rerekē, whakarato ratou ki te mahi ōhanga, ahurea, me te pūtaiao-hangarau. Ko ngā ara ikiiki ao - e kore he painga ohaoha anake konei me inaianei. Ko reira ano hoki te taurangi o te haumaru me te whanaketanga angitu o te whenua mō ngā tau e maha ki te haere mai.

I roto i tenei tuhinga, ka arotahi tatou i runga i te mea ko te ara waka ao, me pehea ratou te hanga i me te whanake.

kauhanga waka International - he aha te mea te reira?

Ko te wā "kauhanga waka ao" (ranei, i roto i te whakapotonga, MTC) mahino te pūnaha ikiiki matatini, i whakatakotoria i runga i nga tohutohu nui o hokohoko. Tenei pūnaha tā te huinga o ona momo rerekē - ara, tereina, moana, me te paipa.

Ka rite ki whakaaturanga mahi, i ngaa huarahi waka ao whakahaeretia tino tōtika i roto i te rohe ōhanga noa. Ko angamaheni mo te rohe Pākehā te whatunga tino mātotoru o MTC i tenei ra (i roto i te ngā - mo Central me Eastern Europe). Tenei, i roto i ngā, wāhi ki te whakatamarikitanga o te kaupapa here EU waka hou i roto i 2005. He wāhi nui i roto i tenei ariā hou ka mau ara waka moana.

riro te hanganga o ngā ara waka ao kua e hāngai ana i roto i te wa, ka nui haere te hiahia mō te waka nui o te ao o te taonga nui. Taua ara e te tikanga tino hira hoki te whanaketanga o rua utanga pāhihi waka i muri i te whenua i te rohe katoa ranei.

Ko te tūranga me te hiranga o ITC

He nui e kore anake i te hi'oraa o hua arumoni te whanaketanga o ngā ara waka ao. I muri i te katoa, e kore kawea te transportation transnational pai anake. Ratou whakaongaonga hoki te tipu me te whanaketanga o te hōia, ahumahi, āhua peka pūtaiao. I tua atu, ITC whai wāhi me te mātātoa whakawhānui i te hanganga o te rohe i roto i nei ratou haere.

I roto i te maha whenua ōhanga whakawhanakehia, hoatu te pātai o te kaupapa here waka me te haumarutanga waka kei i te taumata teitei o te matua. Russia, rawa, Me ki te whai i to ratou hi'oraa faatura tenei i roto i.

MTK mahi Main

He aha e nga whāinga matua kia ki te kawe i nga ara waka ao? Ratou maha:

1. Whakarato-kounga tiketike, transportation pono, me te hāneanea hoki ngā kaiuru katoa i roto i whanaunga ōhanga.
2. Whakarato taketake "piriti", kaha ki te whakatinana i te rerekē haere hokohoko tonu-parirau i waenganui i te āhua.
3. Whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te haumarutanga hōia o whenua me rohe katoa.

I roto i te paratarafa hopea e noho taipitopito atu. Ko te take i te haumarutanga hōia o tetahi rohe, kaore he aweretanga, he tino ti'aturi i runga i te taumata o te whanaketanga o tona whatunga ikiiki. I roto i te mau parau ohie: te atu te kāwanatanga huarahi, rerewē me ngā teihana, whanga me airfields - te māmā he reira ki te whakarite i te korero, taputapu hao, patu, me ngā rauemi i roto i te take o te fakaaoao hōia waho.

Ko te pūnaha o ngā ara ikiiki ao i waenganui i Europe a Ahia

MTC ki te rohe Eurasian matua ngā nga ara waka e whai ake nei:

• ITC "Te Tai Tokerau - South", te uhi i te Scandinavian whenua, nga āhua o Central ko Eastern Europe, te wahi Pākehā o Russia, te rohe o Kapiana, me te South Asia.
• Trans-Siberian Railway (ranei MTC "Transsiberian") - ko te ara tino nui i roto i te whanuitanga o Russia, me hono Central Europe ki Haina, Kazakhstan me te kūrae Korea. He maha ngā peka i roto i te Ukraine, Kiev, St Petersburg, Ulan ofaaraa.
• MTC tau 1 (paraharaha-Pākehā) - herea Paratiki pa nui - Riga, Kaliningrad ko Gdansk.
• MTC tau 2 (paraharaha-Pākehā) - herea ki nga pa pērā i Minsk, Moscow me Nizhny Novgorod. I roto i te heke mai, te hokohoko atu o te kauhanga roa ki Ekaterinburg.
• MTC tau 9 (paraharaha-Pākehā) - hono Helsinki, te whakapaipai raki o Russia - St. Petersburg, Moscow me Kiev.

ara waka ao katoa i ratou iku'anga - taupū. Hei tauira, te ITC "Te Tai Tokerau - South" te whakaritea ki te taupū te NS, "Trans-Siberian" - te TS, a na i runga i.

pūnaha MTC Russian

I runga i te rohe o to matou whenua haere i roto i te maha MTC. Ko te kupu, ko te Russian i ngaa huarahi waka ao nui - he "Moana Northern Route" MTC "Primorye-1" MTC "Primorye-2".

Transport kauhanga huaina te "Northern Moana Route" tūhono pa nui o Russia - Murmansk, Arkhangelsk ko Dudinka. He te ti'araa ao - SMP.

MTK "Primorye-1" e tika ana i Harbin, Vladivostok, Nakhodka me tae mai ki te tauranga nui o te Kiwa.

MTK "Primorye-2" hono te pa o Hunchun, Kraskino, Zarubino me hoki haere ki te tauranga o Te Tai Rāwhiti Ahia.

ara waka International Russia: Raruraru me Prospects

I roto i te ao i teie mahana i reira e toru amo kaha o te whanaketanga ōhanga: te Te Tai Tokerau American, Pākehā me Te Tai Rāwhiti o Āhia. Na Russia, kei roto i te tūranga matawhenua pai i waenganui i enei amo nui e rua, kia tangohia painga o tenei āhuatanga, me te whakatū i transportation auau roto i tona rohe. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, ko reira takoto to matou whenua te ki te hono i ēnei pokapū, puta noa whakawhanakehia te ao me ngā ara waka hou.

Ko te tino ahei ki te tango i runga i tata katoa te nui awa waka Eurasian Russia. Tohunga matapae e ki te taea e koe te tae i te whakariterite anō tika kua 15-20 tau o te pūnaha ikiiki kāinga tenei. I roto i Russia reira he tikanga katoa mo taua: he whatunga tangotango o rerewē, he pūnaha whānui o ara, te aroaro o te whatunga mätotoru o awa whakatere. Heoi, ko te tukanga o te hanganga o ngā ara waka whai hua ngā te roha kore anake o te mātiti waka, engari ano hoki tona ao hōu, me te logistics me te haumaru waka.

Tino te fafau hoki Russia ko te hanga o pera-ka karanga MTC "Te Tai Rāwhiti - Te Hau-ā-uru" - he kauhanga waka nui e e hono Europe ki Japan. kia takoto i te pūtake o tenei kauhanga roa waka ao inaianei ngā Trans-Siberian Railway, me peka ki te tauranga moana o te raki Russia.

Ka rite ki nga tatauranga o tau tata nei, ka nui haere hokohoko i waenganui i Europe me nga whenua o Te Tai Rāwhiti Ahia (matua Japan ko Tonga Korea) neke atu i te fivefold. kawea te nuinga o taonga i waenganui i nga rohe e rua kei te puta noa te moana. Na reira, ka taea e te tika kauhanga waka uta kia he ara moana kē pai. Ko hoki kia hoatu i te mana Russian te rota o te kaha me te tikanga rauemi.

ITC "Te Tai Tokerau - South"

kauhanga waka International "Te Tai Tokerau - Tonga" whakarato he hononga o te whenua Baltic i roto i te rohe ki a India ko Iran. tenei Index kauhanga: NS.

Ko te whakataetae matua o te kauhanga roa ko te ara waka moana i roto i te Suez. Heoi, ko te ITC "Te Tai Tokerau - Tonga" he maha o ngā hua sino he. Tuatahi o te katoa, te whenua ara hawhe te roa o te tawhiti, i te tikanga e te mea nui ngawari te transportation o taonga i roto i tenei ara.

Ka rite ki o tenei ra, ina koa te whai wāhi kaha o tenei kauhanga roa tavini Kazakhstan. Ka whakamahia e te whenua te reira ki te kawe i ō rātou hua kaweake (matua pata) i roto i te whenua Gulf. Ko te whānui rerekē o tenei tata kauhanga te i te 25 miriona tana o utanga tau.

ITC "Te Tai Tokerau - South" ngā toru nga peka matua:

• Ko te Trans-Kapiana - hono te tauranga Olya, Astrakhan ko Makhachkala;
• Te Tai Rāwhiti - Ko te tereina whenua hono nga whenua o Central Ahia me Iran;
• Western - toro raina Astrakhan - Samur - Astara (i roto i Makhachkala).

№ Pan-Pākehā MTC 1

i huaina pūnaha ikiiki whānui i roto i Central me Eastern Europe i te Pan-Pākehā. hipokina te reira i ara ao tekau o tohutohu rerekē. Tohutoroa ki rite "PE" ki te tua o etahi mati (ahau ki X).

Ko te paraharaha-Pākehā waka ao kauhanga-1 e tika ana i ono whenua: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia ko Poland. Ko tōna roa katoa he 3285 kiromita (kotahi - 1655 kiromita - i runga i huarahi me 1630 km - i te tereina).

Ko te tau te PHM paraharaha-Pākehā 1 herea huihui nga pane Pākehā nui: Helsinki, Tallinn, Riga, Kaunas ko Warsaw. I roto i nga rohe o tenei kauhanga roa i reira e ono rererangi, me te 11 tauranga. Wāhanga o reira e tika ana i te rohe o Russia, i roto i te rohe Kaliningrad, a ka ngā he tauranga Paratiki nui - te pa o Kaliningrad.

Pan-Pākehā MTC № 2

I roto i 1994 whakahaeretia te motu o Kariti i te amuiraa motuhake i runga i ngā waka, kua tautuhia e te ahunga matua o te pūnaha ikiiki Pan-Pākehā heke mai. Kei roto te reira i 10 tohutohu rerekē.

Ko te paraharaha-Pākehā waka ao kauhanga-2 hono Central Europe ki te wahi Pākehā o Russia. rere ia puta noa āhua wha. Ko Germany, Poland, Peraruhia me te Russian Federation. Transport kauhanga hono pa nui pērā i Berlin, Poznan, Warsaw, Brest, Minsk, Moscow me Nizhny Novgorod.

I roto i te mutunga ...

Ko te kupu, Ko te tino nui hoki tetahi rohe o te ao te whanaketanga o ngā ara waka ao. Creation me mahi whai hua o taua ara te tikanga ki te kore anake ōhanga, engari ano hoki ahurea, taupori, me te hōia-rautaki.