Piri Russia te WTO: pai me ngā raruraru. A, no te piri Russia te WTO (rā, tau)?

WTO - Ko he whakanōhanga ao e mahi rite te mono ki te Tianara Whakaaetanga i runga i Tariffs me Trade (GATT). hainatia te whakamutunga i roto i te tau 1947. I riro te reira e ko te reira rangitahi a ka hohoro ka whakakapia e te whakahaere tonu i-parirau. Heoi, ko te GATT te kawenata matua ture hokohoko ke hoki meimei 50 tau. hiahia te Soviet Union ki uru ia, otiia e kore ia e hoatu, na te hītori kāinga o ngā ki tenei hanganga anake tīmata i te kau, i te piri Russia te WTO. i oti rawa tenei take e ki tuhinga o tenei ra. Ano, ka kia tātarihia reira te mau hopearaa o piri ki ta kua Russia te WTO, nga pai me ngā raruraru o tenei whakatau. titiro tatou ki te tukanga, tikanga me ngā whāinga o te rironga ki te Trade Organisation World, wero pātai mo te Russian Federation.

E uru Russia te WTO?

Ko te Russian Federation ko te whai ture o te USSR. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki ka piri Russia te WTO, he mea nui ki te mahino e ka whakahaere tenei institution anake i roto i te 1995. Te whakahaere hou kua ki te aroturuki i te whānuitanga nui whānui o ngā take. tuku te USSR he tono ōkawa mō te mana kaimātakitaki i roto i te Uruguay Rauna i 1986 ki te whāinga o te rironga atu ki te Tianara Whakaaetanga i runga i Tariffs me Trade. Otiia kapea e te United States reira. Ko te take i te ōhanga āta whakamaheretia o te USSR, kihai i nei hototahi ki te ariā o te hokohoko free. I whakaaetia te Soviet Union tūnga kaimātakitaki i roto i 1990. I muri motuhake Russia tonu ki te tono mo te rironga ki te GATT. Aita i maoro i puta ke te Whakaaetanga General ki te whakahaere tonu i-parirau. Heoi, tangohia te tomokanga tika ki te Russian Federation i roto i te GATT / WTO kua tata 20 tau. He maha rawa ngā pātai tono ruruku.

Ko te tukanga o te rironga ki te WTO

Russia hei āhua motuhake te timatanga o rironga ki te Trade Organization World i 1993. Mai i taua wa i timata ahau whakatairite i te tikanga o te whenua hokohoko-tōrangapū ki paerewa WTO. Na ka tīmata matou whiriwhiringa më ka hanga Russia tona tono tuatahi i runga i te taumata o te tautoko ki te ahuwhenua me te whai wāhi mākete. Ēnei pātai e rua hanga te pūtake o ngā whiriwhiringa noa te whakatūturutanga o te kawenata i roto i 2012. I roto i te 2006, i roto i te anga o te Forum Ahia-Kiwa, Russia me te US hainatia kawa rironga o Russia ki te WTO. Heoi, kua oti hiki te ao raruraru pūtea me te whiriwhiringa i runga i te whakatinanatanga o atu ngā wāhanga o te whiwhi mema i roto i te whakahaere. takaro ia he tūranga me te pakanga ki a Georgia mo South Ossetia me Abkhazia. Ko te kirimana ki tenei whenua ko te taahiraa whakamutunga i runga i te ara ki WTO rironga o Russia. I hainatia te reira i roto i 2011 i roto i Switzerland.

uniana tikanga

I roto i te whai whakaaro i te pātai, ka piri Russia te WTO, he mea nui ki te mahino e mai January 2010, e hiahia ana te Russian Federation ki whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga o te rironga ki te Customs Union. hanga tenei Vladimir Putin he tauākī i runga i te hui kaunihera EurAsEC i Pipiri 2009. Te Customs Union ngā, i roto i te tua ki Russia, Peraruhia ko Kazakhstan. I whakaturia te reira i roto i Oketopa 2007. Ka taea e ngā mema o WTO e kore anake te whenua, engari ano hoki i te rōpū pāwhaitua. Heoi, ko te kaiārahi o te rhinestones World Trade Organization fakatokanga nga mana Russian e e whakaroa tino he whakaritenga taua te tukanga o te whiwhi mema. I roto i te Oketopa 2009, ua faaite Russia tona whakapuakitanga o paitanga o anō ngā whiriwhiringa më. piri Kazakhstan te Trade Organization World i 2015, ka ko tonu Peraruhia kore te mema o tenei whare te ao.

A, no te piri Russia te WTO: Rā, Tau

Te hë o te mau a'oraa më kua nui faaohiehia te tukanga o te rironga ki te Trade Organization World mo te Russian Federation. E Hakihea 2010, i whakatau te take katoa. I te tihi Brussels, hainatia te pukapuka hāngai. August 22, 2012 - he rā, ka piri Russia kua te WTO. Rā tohua te whakatūturutanga o te Kawa o rironga o te Russian Federation, hainatia i runga i Hakihea 16 o 2011, me te tomokanga ki te kaha o te mahi ture e hāngai ana.

tikanga urunga

Ko te tukanga mō te rironga ki te WTO ko kaua uaua. Kei a ia ko te maha ngā wāhanga, me te tango he iti o 5-7 tau. āhua Tuatahi ki te tono mo te mema. I muri i taua i reira ko te whakaaro o te tikanga o te whenua hokohoko-tōrangapū i te taumata o ngā rōpū e mahi ana i te hanga noa. I roto i te wāhanga tuarua, te whiriwhiringa me kōrero i runga i nga ngā o mema o te kaitono i roto i te WTO. Ka taea e ratou uru tetahi whenua āwangawanga. Tuatahi o nga whiriwhiringa katoa e pā ana ki te whai wāhi ki te mākete me te wā o te whakataki o huringa. tikanga mō te rironga unu ake nga tuhinga e whai ake nei:

• pūrongo Mahi Group. whakatakoto ana te reira i roto i te rārangi o nga tika katoa me herenga e kua riro e te whenua.
• Rārangi o whārangi tāke i te parae koloa, ka tukua te taea o tuku pūtea āwhina te rāngai agrarian.
• Ko te rārangi o fafauraa motuhake i runga i ngā ratonga.
• Ko te rārangi o okotahi ki te MFN.
• whakaritenga ture i runga i te taumata më me multilateral.
• Kawa o te rironga.

I te wā whakamutunga, te whakatūturutanga o te mōkihi o ngā tuhinga, i i whakaaetia i roto i te anga o ngā rōpū mahi ad hoc. I muri e riro te reira wahi o te ture motu o te kaitono State me tahuri te whenua kaitono ki te mema World Trade Organisation.

Whāinga me Whāinga

A, no te piri Russia te WTO i 2012, i reira pera hei wāhanga o tona rautaki whanaketanga ōhanga. Ki te rā, e kore e taea e te kāwanatanga te hanga he ōhanga motu whai hua, kahore he he mema o tenei whakahaere. whaia Russia i roto i tona rironga ki te WTO te whāinga e whai ake nei:

• Whiwhi uru nui ki ngā mākete ke mō ngā hua kāinga i roto i te whakamahi o MFN, whakaaturia nei e te whakahaere.
• Te hanga i te pai haumi āhuarangi mā te mau mai i ture motu ki rārangi ki ngā paerewa o te ao.
• Te whakapai ake i te whakataetae o taonga kāinga.
• whai wāhitanga nui ake hoki kaipakihi Russian me pūtea ki waho.
• Ko te whai wāhi ki te whakaawe i te hanganga o te ture te ao i roto i te mara o te hokohoko, tango ki pūkete ratou ake ngākau nuitanga motu.
• Te whakapai ake i te whakapakoko te whenua o roto i te kanohi o te ao whakaaro tūmatanui.

Taua mau a'oraa rironga roa - taunakitanga o hiahia ki te whakatutuki i te tikanga tino pai mo te mema Russian.

huringa tāke

kua Ko tētahi o nga tutukitanga matua ki te mema Russian o te WTO kua te harmonization o ngā kaupapa here uru ki tona mākete mō taonga ke. I iti te tautaha tāke kawemai toharite. I te anga ke, kua nui haere te motunga o te whai wāhitanga ke i roto i te rängai rīanga. I muri haere o te wā whakawhiti, ka kia heke mau ohipa kawemai i runga i taputapu whare, ngā rongoā, me te taputapu hauora. i runga i ngā ratonga - I roto i te anga o te rironga 57 whakaaetanga më i runga i te whai wāhi ki te mākete kāinga mō ngā taonga, me te 30 i hanga ki te WTO.

take Agricultural

Haunga te matapaki i te whārangi tāke i roto i nga whiriwhiringa noho te wahi nui te tiaki o te rāngai ahuwhenua i roto i Russia. rapu Russian Federation ki te whakaiti i te nui o moni ki te kia iti. Customs mau ohipa i riro 11.275% hei utu i runga i ngā hua ahuwhenua o 15,178%. Hoki ngā rōpū hua takitahi hinga koi e 10-15%. I muri piri Russia te WTO i te tau, ka timata ia ki te iti te raruraru pūtea ao, fehangahangai te rāngai ahuwhenua motu i ki whakataetae nui rahi i roto i te hokohoko kāinga, me te ke.

Pānga hoki te Russian Federation

Ki te rā, i reira e maha ngā pukapuka me ngā tuhinga i oti rawa ki te aromatawai o te rironga o Russia ki te Trade Organisation World. mea te nuinga ngā tohunga te whai hua o tenei tukanga i runga i te ōhanga. Na he aha te tau Russia piri te WTO? I roto i te 2012. He aha i puta ke? ka mau 18 tau o te mahi pakeke rironga. ka mau nui roa atu tūmanako tenei tukanga. Na reira, kia puta te pānga pai anake i roto i te heke mai tawhiti. Ka rite ki tohu te nuinga o ngā tohunga i roto i te oma poto he nui nui atu te mate o mema o te WTO atu whakatutukitanga tūturu. Heoi, i reira e etahi painga rautaki o mate rauhanga. Ko te kupu, rironga ki te WTO - ko pono tenei he taahiraa pai, kahore nei e te whanaketanga atu o te whenua kua taea.

Huapai me ngā huakore o te mema

I muri piri Russia te WTO i 2012, ngā pūkenga ture me economists kore mauiui whakaputa tuhinga hou te tātari i te opuaraa, me ngā raruraru e pā ana ki tenei hui. Ka taea te wehea e toru whakaaro ki:

1. Kūpapa. Hei tauira, e whakapono ana a Ahorangi Alexander Portansky e hono te WTO kore e kawea tetahi painga kino ranei.
2. Critical. ka mea kaitātari Alexei Kozlov e kore e hoatu e WTO mema Russia tetahi painga kitea i roto i te wā poto. Heoi, he painga ki te tahi atu i te mau melo o te whakahaere i tenei hui. Tuhinga i roto i te wā roa mō te Russia Kozlov e kore e whakaaro.
3. Tōraro. ohanga nui i Deutsche Bank i Russia Yaroslav Lisovik whakapono e pēhia taea WTO rironga pā ōhanga te whenua o, rawa i roto i te ahumahi ahumahi, e tika ana ki te whakaiti o te mau ohipa kawemai.

Heoi, whakaae te nuinga o ngā tohunga e ka kia whakakitea nga painga mo Russia i mema i roto i te Trade Organization World, ngā te kaupapa here kāinga me te ke mātau anake i roto i te wā roa.