He hītori poto o te pāpori i tawhito ki te ra nei

History o te pāpori - te pūtaiao o te pāpori rite te peka o te matauranga, te tukanga o tona whanaketanga me te hanganga. I runga i te ara o te whanaketanga pāpori kua oti huringa rawa nui i roto i te kaupapa o te rangahau, me te tikanga. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te kaupapa pēnei i te hītori o te pāpori, he mea e tika ana ki te wehe i te reira ki ngā wā e rua: ko te mua-pūtaiao, me te pūtaiao (hou).

History o te pāpori - te wā mua-pūtaiao

wā tawhito. Rapanga o te hapori i roto i nga wa onamata, kei te tino mahi i roto i te mau philosopho Kariki. Ko te hua o ratou whakaaro, ka waiho ratou i roto i te puka o tohutao "hapori pai", he whakaahua o te tangata pai. I roto i te mea o te whakatau i te āhua o te hapori whakahe nga mau philosopho matua o te wa. Hei tauira, i whakapono Aristotle hapori hopearaa tūturu me māori o te whanaketanga tangata, ko Platon, i runga i te anga ke - he hanganga tāwhaiwhai.

Middle ake. Ko te whakaaro taketake i te wa i whakapono ai e te tangata ko te tangata o te ao - te pūnaha, whakaritea rite ki te he foaki o te Atua. E ai ki tenei whakaaro, i te ao, ko te kotahi, nga tangata katoa - tuakana, me katoa rite hara. Hoki tenei wa āhuatanga te huru e hara taketake o nga tangata, me tona ngoikore ki te whaiaro fakatonutonu-waho te pai ai o te Atua.

Parare. Ko te wa o te kite tenei, e kore anake i roto i te geography engari ano i roto i te ture o te hapori tangata. I roto i te mau tenetere 14-16, i reira ko nga whakaaro tuatahi o utopian (utopia - he hotokore ki tikanga ora tūturu tenei whakaaro), te Thomas Ingarangi More, Francis Bacon, te Paniora T. Campanella me ētahi atu. I roto i ana kōrero, utopias pania ratou Momo o te "heke mai kanapa" mo te iwi katoa.

wā New. Kua arahina wa e whakamanamana o te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao me te whanaketanga ōhanga tere, me te tupu taupori ki te putanga o ariā hou. Ko te kupu, i whakaaro te māngai o te Māmá Hobbes i roto i te rau tau 17 te whakaaro o "kirimana pāpori" e whakatika nga tikanga o te whaitake o te kaha, me te mo te wa tuatahi ka karanga hoki te iti arikitanga. whakaarohia Locke te ariā o te taurite tangata ao, e muri ka te pūtake mo te Whakapuakitanga hou o Tika Tangata.

History o te pāpori - i te ariā pūtaiao tuatahi ki to tatou ra

1842 - te tau o te hanganga o te kaupapa positivist. whakaaro hoki te kaituhi o tenei ariā Comte ki kia kotahi o nga pūtaiao pāpori tuatahi, rite ko reira tetahi o te tuatahi ki te tautuhi i te pūtake o te pūtaiao. Ko te kupu, whakaarohia ia ki te whakamahi i roto i te rangahau oraraa totiare tikanga o te mātakitaki, te tātari whakatairite me te whakamātau, whakaritea te ahanoa me whakaaro o te ako. Ia te tuatahi haapoto te matauranga kohia i mua, i hanga te pūtake o te pāpori o pūtaiao. Ko tētahi o nga sociologists tino nui ano hoki i huaina Herbert Spencer, ki te whakaahua i roto i te taipitopito te whakaaro o te kukuwhatanga o te hapori rite te wahi o te natura. ka e taha o nga manga o ana haapiiraa te Darwinism pāpori, e muri whakawhanakehia ki te kura iwi-tikanga tangata, me te revolution pāpori Sumner, kia rite ki te mea maori te whanaketanga o te hapori, me te he wāhanga o te akoranga o te whanaketanga o te momo tangata faaterehia ture-.

I roto i te rau tau waenganui-19, kua whakawhanakehia ariā o te pakanga o te piha haapiiraa, me te kore ōritenga o Marx, te ariā o ngā pāpori-ōhanga, kia rite ki nei te totohe matua i roto i te hapori, ko te taonga tūmataiti, te whakangaromanga o e pai arahi ki te ngaro o ngā akomanga. He Weber i te wa taua hanga tona ariā o te pāpori whakamäori.

hoatu mua L. Gumplowicz i te mutunga o te rau tau 19 te whakaaro e te ahanoa o ako o te pāpori, ko te ki te ako ngā rōpū pāpori me o ratou taunekeneke. E ai ki ana mahi, i ia rōpū pāpori whakataetae ki te atu mo te tika ki te ora me te absorption rauemi nuinga ngā. I tohua te timatanga o te rau tau whakamutunga i te ariā o kiea Pareto.

I roto i te rau tau 20 kua maha ariā hou whakawhanakehia (wāhitau kē, interactionism tohu, pāpori phenomenological, te ariā o te ariā wāhi) me ngā kura pūtaiao, rawa rongonui i roto ia ratou, ko Chikagkaya, Colombian me Frankfurt.

Ko te hītori o te pāpori Russian i roto i maha ngā huarahi rite ki te kotahi Pākehā. whakatakotoria turanga i roto i mua-pāhoro Russia, whakawhetai ki te whakaaro o Slavophiles me Westerners. I muri, i muri ko te pāpori Russian 1917 i raro i tino te tirotiro wä ka whakawhanakehia te nuinga o roto i te rārangi ki te pāpori o Marx. Kua timata anake i roto i te tīmatanga o 90-doma o te pūtaiao oraraa totiare Russian ki te oaoa i te hua o te whakaaro Western me pūtaiao ki te hope.

I teie mahana, tonu te hītori o te pāpori ki te tupu ki ngā ariā me ariā hou.