Icebreaker karihi-powered "Arktika": whakaahuatanga me ngā whakaahua. icebreakers Modern piha "Arctic"

Pea e kore i roto i te aamu o te mua Soviet Union, te wāhanga atu whaiāipo me te whakaari, atu i te whanaketanga o te Far Te Tai Tokerau. Ko te hiahia mo tenei kua he tuatahi-te piha haapiiraa: i roto i aua wahi takoto te nui nui o ngā kohuke, e kua hiahiatia kino ahumahi kāwanatanga taitamariki. I tua atu, kei te hiahiatia rawa nga raraunga mō te ako o te hunga wahi pūtaiao, mai tukua ratou ki te whakaaro i te wāhanga o te whanaketanga o te ao katoa.

I roto i te poto, ko reira tika ki te hopoia tiki ki te ūnga. I roto i te tikanga o te āhuarangi nui, me te ripeka-whenua te ara pai i roto i ko te ki te whakamahi i ngā ara moana, anake te wa whakatere i roto i aua wahi, ko te tino poto. Ko nui te mōrea o te mau i roto i te huka.

Ko reira te reira, a reira ko te kaipuke tio-haere Soviet ao-rongonui. Ko tētahi o te nui tino o ona māngai ko te Icebreaker "Arktika", te hītori o e ko te tumu parau o tenei tuhinga. Ko na ahurei e kia ngāwari taea horo'a te reira i te pukapuka katoa i tenei kaipuke! Ki te tai'o koe te tuhinga, ka pono whakaae koe ki a matou i runga i tenei.

āhuatanga hangarau Poto

He te kaipuke te taha tiketike, me te kaha rawa, tika wha papanga me rua uta tüäpapa. No te farii i te mana, a whakamahia whakahau hanganga superstructure rahoraho e rima-ATE. Ko te kaupapa ko te kaipuke nui e toru pokekore (i runga i ia - e wha nga matatahi). I roto i te wahi pokapū o te Icebreaker ko te mīhini huri hiko korohū, whakaputaina mamaoa e hoki nei whakamahi i te pūrere karihi. Hoki te hanga o te muri, kua oti te whakamahi i te whakatutukitanga ariā me mahi katoa, i whakahaere te ahumahi karihi ki te hanga ake te Union i taua wa.

hanga te āhuatanga o te tinana hanganga katoa e o kowiri koranu maitai. whakaaro tika: te hanganga nui katoa i hanga o taua rauemi utu, me te roa mīharo! I roto i aua wahi, i roto i te mahi he whakaratohia te nuinga tiaki pēhanga te huka te, he whitiki te huka pera-ka karanga, i te mea he apa ngā hanganga hanga-ake o te tinana matua o te kaipuke.

Ētahi atu ngā pūnaha kōnohete i

He wahi hanganga nui, e rerekē Icebreaker "Arctic" e crenic, me te mahi ki te whakapai pūnaha. Hei muka, i te mea maha e tika ana ki te kawe i roto i te waka o te kaipuke, kua hangaia turanga e kukume katoa kei i te kei o te oko. Na tera ano hoki he helipad. Ka rite ki te tikanga, whakamahia i roto i te kaupapa o te Mi-8, i he mahuinga mō te e mau ana i roto i te roa-whānui reconnaissance me wāhi o kaipuke titi i roto i te huka.

He āhuatanga nui o te kaipuke he tino rawa i roto i o ratou wa o aunoatanga, i roto i nei i taea e te pūrere karihi mahi mo te wa roa i roto i te aratau tino motuhake ki waho o te hiahia mō ngā mataaratanga tamau me te wā-kai. I tāutatia ano te pūoko i te whare o te motors hiko hoe, ngā tipu te mana i roto i nga compartments, me te te switchboards matua. kawea Mana mana pokapū tipu i roto i te pokapū whakahau, i mahi rite te whare pairati.

Kei i te tihi o te whare rahoraho, no te mea e whakarato tenei āhuatanga i te arotake whai hua tino. Ko te whanui o te whare kaiurungi - e pā ana ki e rima mita i roto i te roa e totoro te reira i roto i runga i te katoa 30 mita. Ko te mua me te taha taiepa wheelhouse ngā hipoki matapihi mātakitaki whānui. Oddly nui, engari te rārangi o te taputapu kei roto i ona tika tano.

Na, i roto i te ruma i reira e toru paewhiri mana tino ōrite, e kua te kakau ki te whakahaere i te ahunga o te kaupapa o te kaipuke, me te tohu e whakaatu ana i te mana o te tūranga o katoa nga propellers me urungi. He pātene ki te whakarato i te pė whakatūpato, te pūrere ki te whakahohe i te huarahi o te putu i nga tāke whakataimaha. whakaoti Pikitia te tepu tūtohi, urungi, hydrologists, tepu, me te tēpu ki te pāorooro.

mana Peak - 55 MW, he displacement o 23,000 taranata. auau patunga (i raro i ngā āhuatanga pai) ka taea e tae i te tikanga o 18 knots, te roanga o tino motuhake whakatere ko te whitu nga marama.

History o hanga

Icebreaker whaiaro-powered "Arktika", i te mea te kaipuke mata o te 10520 kaupapa, i whakaturia i roto i 1971 i runga i nga rakau o te hanga kaipuke Paratiki. Soviet Navy mo te wa tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te waka o 150 iwi heke mai, e kore whai wāhi anake i roto i te hanga o te kaipuke, engari ano hoki e taea te hoatu e tohutohu i roto i tona hoahoa. tukua tenei mahi te heramana ki te ako i te hangarau tino hou i roto i te wa record. Te tāngata arahina e Kāpene Yu. S. Kuchiev.

Ko te rangatira wheako mīharo nei rere i runga i ngā momo rerekē o te tio-tuatea mō neke atu i te toru tekau tau. Kua i te mutunga o Hakihea 1972 te kaipuke ki te wai, i te mea he lekooti tonu mo te wā mo te hanganga o tenei ahua.

Ko te korero te kōwhiringa o te whakamahi i

I roto i te USSR, te kāwanatanga tata tonu, i whakaritea e te reira e ka whai i te Icebreaker "Arktika" te āheinga hangarau ki te whakamahi rite te cruiser kaha Coast Guard. Hei whakatutuki i tenei, kia whakapumautia ai he huinga o patu puhipuhi nui-ërä, taputapu hoki te hanga o te pokanoa kaha, me te taputapu hihiani atu hōia-kāhua. "Program mōrahi" ngā ano he whakamātautau i roto i ngā āhuatanga tata ki te whawhai.

I muri i taua, i mahara taputapu hōia katoa ki te tango me te tiaki. I i whakaritea te kaipuke ki te waiho i te tahi o te hiahiatia tino ka rapu i muri i roto i nga wa o patu whawhai, mothball reira i roto i te ara motuhake (tiaki te taea o tona decompression wawe, me te pei i te tūranga puhipuhi).

Fele, ki te titiro koe ki te tauira Icebreaker kounga "Arktika", ka taea e kite koe i nga fokotu'utu'u o te takiwa i roto i tona manuao. Hoki te USSR, kihai i te tahi mea hou pērā militarization, rite te whenua i mahara te wheako o te 40s tonu.

Pehea i tutuki ai tenei tere o te hanganga o te kaipuke

He wa tino roa nga kaihoahoa i whakaaro e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te karo i te roa iti i roto i te hanga o te kaipuke. Hoki tenei whakaaro, i whakapumautia he tari matua whakahaere motuhake, i mahi i raro i Victor Nilovich Shershneva. faaoti ia: ki te hanga i nga whakamātautau e tika ana katoa i te moana, kahore karanga i te tauranga i te kotahi wā.

I te poari whakaritea ki te tango i nga kaimahi katoa hōia tika, me te he whakahau motuhake, i i roto i tiaki o ringa iti, me patu pū. whakatika tonu te waka ki 700 iwi, i roto i te tikanga noa i runga i te poari ngā kaua e nui ake 150 tūru.

Kaihoahoa me ngā māngai o te kiritaki i ki te mahi rawa pakeke ki te hāngai katoa o nga kaimahi e hiahiatia ana, i te kore faainoino te tangata. i ahau hoki tenei noho i roto i Leningrad i wha ra. I roto i tenei wa i moe i te taumata wai tawhiti i raro i te taumata noa, ahakoa te meka e i te mutunga angitu o te kaipuke tona te taikaha e 30-40 henimita!

oko mutunga i runga i te mau tamataraa moana

Kua raruraru kua karohia, ki te kahore anake te mea i whai i te reira ki te tatari mo te tangata: ko te waka katoa i roto i te hihiko whawhai tamau, e noho ana i runga i te poari. Tomo hōtaka Marine, i taea ki te kawe humarie te moana te kaipuke. I roto i te waenganui-Hakihea 1974 i roto i Moscow me Leningrad i tangohia karere irirangi poto, me te terse "oti." I muri mai tawai ia e nui Kuchiev Hiha ia: Ka korerotia na poto i runga i te otinga angitu o te mau tamataraa moana o te kaipuke uaua!

Rau o tono kua hanga hoki ake taraiwa me te pupuri hei Icebreaker, a kua te nuinga o ratou i tino whakatinana e kaihoahoa o "whai wera". I roto i te April 1975, te putanga nui tuatahi ki te moana. Tenei tohu e te Icebreaker "Arktika", whakaahua nei e wātea ana i roto i te tuhinga tutuki nga whakaritenga katoa i i whakatakotoria i te wā o te hianga, me te tuhi.

Kua April 25, 1975, ka punga te kaipuke i roto i te tauranga o Tallinn, i whakaarahia ai e te haki State o te USSR. Heoi mana haina te pukapuka o te whakawhiti o ngā rawa ki te kaipuke, aru e te piha haapiiraa "Arctic" haere Icebreaker tuatahi tonu ki Murmansk, te wahi i tū ai i te tauranga o te rēhita. Ko reira he whakamanamana mo te katoa o te pūtaiao, me te ahumahi o te whenua nui korero.

I tua atu ki te mano o te iwi nei i whai wāhi tika i roto i te hanga o te oko, whai wāhi tona hoahoa me te whakahaere ngā neke atu i te 350 (!) Rangahau Scientific, korero, oceanographic me ngā whare hydrological, hoahoa bureaus, whare rangahau puta noa i te whenua.

Tuku ki te Moana Northern Route

Hoki i te tīmatanga o 1975, i mua ki tona whakaaetanga mōhiohio, te Icebreaker "Arktika" (kite whakaahua. Runga ake) tīrama whakahaere e te Moana Northern Route, te Icebreaker "Admiral Makarov" (diesel-hiko). Kua i te timatanga o te tau i muri mai, ia mooni kapohia i te whakarau o hummocks tio taua kaipuke "Ermak" ka ora i etahi mate utanga kaipuke "Kāpene Myshevsky".

Ko te reira i te "Arctic" ka mau wahi i roto i te faaoraraa o te Icebreaker "Leningrad", tahi ki te kaipuke waka "Chelyuskin". Hari rangatira huaina tenei hui te wāhi tiketike o te kaipuke hou, pera hoki te whakaaro ki o enei take e wha anake, i taea te hanga i te reira.

e rua noa nga tau hei mahi mātātoa whakamatauria tino ahurei i haere i roto i tona ahua i te tino nui o te kaipuke Soviet - Icebreaker karihi "Arktika". whakaaro tona tauira i roto i aua ra i te taonga tino hiahiatia ki tetahi mau tamaroa Soviet. A mo te take pai, me ahau e mea nei! Kua faaite te reira i kore anake e te tika tino o ngā utanga karihi, me te tahi atu, engari ano te kounga pai kaipuke faura'o. Heoi, i mohio te rangatira irrepressible Kuchiev e tona "paroita" Ko te ahei o ake, a na reira e rapu faaineineraa roa o te pakanga te raki. Aita i maoro roa i rongo ana inoi. timata te kapa ki te faaineine no te flights roa-hao.

I roto i te April 1977, he rere whakamātau i runga i Yamal

I roto i te 1976, i mahue te kaipuke te tauranga o Murmansk, i haere i roto i te hukapapa pau whakakaha oko "Pavel Ponomarev". Waka e mau ana i runga i te poari tata wha mano taranata o ngā taonga kai, me te whare. Tata kapa Cape Kharasavey kahore uaua rawa nui whakahaere ki ruke nga taonga katoa ki te huka nohopuku, i muri nei i tangohia e ratou ki uta. haere kaipuke e rua i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga, i roto i te huka-free tauranga o Murmansk.

whakaaturia Experience kua e Kuchiev tika rawa i roto i o ratou aromatawai o te mau huru rawa o te rere o te kaipuke, engari no te mea i runga i 1977 i whakaritea tonu te ara ake tawhiti, me te tawhiti atu wero hahaereraa. Kei te tika te reira i teie nei ki te hanga e rave rahi rerenga ki Yamal. Tenei wa, ko te kapa e kore anake te Icebreaker tuatahi Arctic, engari te kaipuke o te piha haapiiraa i taua "Murmansk", me te oko utanga e toru waka.

"Semeio i runga i whakaiti"

I roto i te tīmatanga o 1977, te tira whakaturia humarie rere i Murmansk, a haere ana ka i muri i wha ra ki runga ki Kharasavey. He wiki i muri mai, ka haere te marae i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga. Ko te moana Barents ko tetahi o Transport tonoa tona ara i roto i Murmansk, i reira i runga i te taenga tonu tu ia ki runga ki te kawenga. Na, ka mau nga icebreakers kamupene tetahi kaipuke pononga, a ka puritia tona wehenga o mua. I muri e rua noa ra, i korerotia ano i te tukanga.

nga kaiuru katoa o te pakanga te taatoaraa whakaae e, mahi te Icebreaker "Arktika", nga āhuatanga hangarau o e kua aroaro i roto i te tuhinga merekara, prolamyvayas hummocks matotoru whakapehapeha.

kau muimui

Na inaianei tapaea tatou he rārangi oti o oko katoa i hanga i raro i te 10520 kaupapa:

• "Arctic".
• "Siberia".
• "Russia".
• "Union Soviet".
• "Yamal".
• "50 Tau o Victory".

Me kï reira e i hoatu te Icebreaker whakamutunga "Arktika" (te kaipuke hou "50 Tau o Victory") ki te mahi anake i roto i te 2007, ahakoa ka mau tona whakarewanga wahi hoki i roto i te 1993. Ko te ohie te take - te kaiārahi hou o te whenua i reira ko tetahi kaimahi tamau o te moni .

Mai te 2000, ka wātea ana mo te tangata katoa e hiahia ana (ki te moni) he haerenga ki te Arctic i te Icebreaker. Nā ki te nui e hiahiatia ana mo te oti whakamutunga ko te mutunga e taea ki te kohikohi, a ka whakaurua kaipuke oti ki te Russian Navy.

wā hou

Na roto i te 1999, kua mahi i te "tangata tawhito" mo te 25 nga tau, whakapau i roto i te ara te raki ki runga ki oko e toru mano i roto i te mau o nei i kawea neke atu i te kotahi miriona toni o utanga nui. Otiia kihai i te ara tautōhito oti, i tatari ai mo te record hou katoa. Mai i Mei ki Mei, i 1999 ki te 2000, pau te kaipuke i roto i te oko Arctic Ocean 110. O te 50 mano maero haere rite 32 mano kaipuke i waho i te kore kotahi. Ehara i kino hoki he "mokoweri"-tau 25-tau, e pau tona ora mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua he ta'efakapotopoto!

I tūmanakohia te reira ki te Icebreaker "Arktika" i taua wa? Ko te whare taonga ranei attraction mō ngā tūruhi rawa, me i i kaha whakahē i te heramana! I roto i te tika kia tuhia te reira e te kaipuke tuatahi o te 10520 kaupapa i roto i te 2008 he tonu he whare taonga, engari kua kua tino tiaki i tona tuakiri hītori. I runga i nga oko tauira e toe tonu i roto i te rarangi, ka taea e te tango e koe i te haerenga i runga i te Icebreaker i roto i te Arctic. Mau faaiteraa o te tūruhi nei kua kua reira, e kore e taea noa ki te kawe i roto i nga kupu. ahuareka mafakamatalai!

toronga Life

Icebreaker karihi ka he whenua rangahau tūturu. whakamatauria heramana kaimātai pūtaiao e te pūnaha toko o te kaipuke, ko te roa te wa ki te mahi ki tua atu ia wa wahi. I ngā tau pokapū-2000 i kua e pā ana ki 146.000 haora te wa mahi matua o ngā pūnaha me ngā tikanga katoa oko. Homai tenei katoa, i whakaritea e aivanaa me Engineers e humarie taea roa te ora mahi o te nuinga "Arctic" ki runga ki te 175 mano haora, me te tahi atu kaipuke o te kaupapa ki te whakahaere tae noa ki te wa whakahaere o 150 mano.

Ko te tino nui o tenei kaupapa ka tukua ki te noho rau o nga mano o ngā runga reira kua mahi i roto i te huinga matatini o te whakatere me te taputapu hihiani te Soviet Union me te Russian Federation, kua huihui kaipūtaiao karihi raraunga nui mīharo i runga i nga otaota te mana karihi i roto i te tikanga tino pakeke. Ko te uara i he Icebreaker karihi-powered "Arktika" (e te aroaro whakaahua i roto i te tuhinga), he uaua ki te pe si◊aki.