Ka rite ki tini nga huakita i roto i ngā āhuatanga pai me te kino?

Ko te rauropi iti rawa i runga i to tatou paraneta - huakita pūtau prokaryotic. Pea, ratou rahi - ko tetahi o nga take e te hunga nehenehe o te hua rahi i roto i te maha e ratou tenei. Kei te tata te reira e te tere o te tupu kitakita puta nga 20-30 meneti. Noatia, Ko whakaponohia te maha o ngā pūtau i hanga! Per iritihia ki te rota o te uri i te takitahi kotahi ra ka waiho e pā ana ki 5 taranata.

Heoi, e kore e tika ki ngā āhuatanga whāiti o tenei hua puta. He aha te mea e tika ana ki te whakareatanga tere o enei rauropi? Kia tamata o ki te kōmaka i tenei take.

o huakita hua tikanga

He maha ngā. Ko te take matua e whakatau tetahi ki tetahi kē o te tukanga o te te uri ranei - ko te taiao o waho. Ka rite ki nga huakita tini i raro i ngā āhuatanga pai? E rua ara:

• vegetative (tōkai);
• hua.

te reira tikanga tere, ohie a evolutionarily tawhito. Heoi, i roto i taua tikanga, kahore he utu o te mōhiohio ā-ira, na te āpiti takitahi ko te tārua tangohia o te matua.

Engari kia rite ki te huakita tini ki te he kino nga tawhā o te ao waho? Na ka tae mai te tukanga ngā e kua te tïpako taua rite multicellular aitanga - utu o te mōhiohio ā-ira e tika ana ki ngā pae tauhono o ngā rāpoi ngota DNA nucleoids pātata i roto i ngā pūtau.

A feruri i ia o enei taatou i roto i te kōrero atu, ka whakatau i ngā āhuatanga o te māra tāwhaiwhai o taupori o microorganisms.

whakaputa uri tōtahi me ona āhuatanga

Ia pūtau kitakita e katoa te faufaa tukanga:

• manawa;
• whāngai;
• nekehanga;
• Absorbs te reira a noho pūngao;
• piki;
• whakawhanake.

Ko te hua o te katoa o te ora riro te tukanga o te whakaputa uri tōtahi, i hua i roto i te pūtau whaea homai ara ki takitahi hou, me te āta mate.

Whakaahuatanga o te tukanga

Ko te ara i roto i nei tini vegetatively huakita, e taea te whakaahuatia poto i roto i te torutoru kōwae.

1. tae te huakita he rahi etahi, me te rakau ngā matūkai. Ka rite ki te hua, he rite ki te tīmata i te tukanga ia.
2. Na ka tīmata te pūtau ki whakawhānui ōna, e ko te ki kia roa.
3. I roto i tenei take i hanga i roto i te waenga taiepa hake (hope), e haamata ki te kōrero ki te pokapū o te pūtau, pēpēhinga reira.
4. Inside tahi tenei e tukanga tukuruatanga DNA, arā, te wehenga o te nucleoid.
5. Kei te piri te rauemi ira o pito e rua o te rāpoi ngota ki te taiepa o te pūtau kitakita.
6. rerekē te DNA tuatahi, ka tāruaruatia runga amo rerekē.
7. kati purpuru me puta wehenga i roto i ngā pūtau e rua. Mai hanga takitahi tamahine rua.
8. Te ngaro te hanganga (capsules flagella uku, me te pera atu) i oti i ia māngai motuhake.
9. wehea Nucleoid tuatahi pūtau, ka puta cytokinesis i muri ia ia.

Ko reira kitea e te tupu me te tārua o te huakita i runga i tenei momo - he tukanga tino māmā, me te nohopuku-pokarekarenga e kore e rapua e te faaineineraa, me etahi āhuatanga motuhake.

Heoi, i roto i te tahi mau momo (hei tauira, he tarutaru huakita tokotoko-āhua), e kore e mutu te tukanga i reira. hanga E rua ngā pūtau tamahine i waenganui ia ratou i te piriti i roto i nei noa haere DNA i tetahi ki tetahi. Fehangahangai tahi i te tahi, e whakawhiti te rāpoi ngota waikawa karihi wahi, e tika ana ki te irakētanga. I muri i taua, hoki te DNA ki tona pūtau, anake kua puta ke ki te, ki te wāhi ara iahiko hou hanga-i roto i. Nga tiango piriti, tīmata ia oraraa motuhake takitahi.

Ngā momo o te wehenga pūtau

He maha ngā āhuatanga o te āhua o tini asexually huakita. A, no te raveraa i te tukanga, i reira e toru tauari taea.

1. Cytokinesis me te wehewehe nucleoid puta i mua o te wa ki te hanga i te hope, me te pūtau titaria nga hanganga e rua. Na reira, i roto i enei take i reira ko te diplococci hanganga, streptococci, staphylococci, tokotoko hanganga multicellular, me ētahi atu momo o te tahi.
2. wehenga Pūnoa. Ko te kupu i reira ko te wehenga wā, me te au maite vegetative rite te pūtau ratou, me te rauemi ira, me te cytoplasm. Ka rite ki te hua o te kotahi matua whiwhi e rua ngā pūtau tamahine noa.
3. Division puta rauemi ira nui tere atu i te wehenga o nga pūtau ratou. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga puka mnogonukleoidnye.

Kia i hanga, i tetahi o nga koroni i runga, ahu hoki pūtau i roto i te tokomaha o ratou ki te wehe i ia oraraa atu, me te motuhake.

Methods pūtau wete i ia atu

Āhuatanga huakita hua vegetatively whakarato kōwhiringa rerekē mō te wehenga pūtau. Katoa e taea e ratou te whakaingoa i toru.

1. Pūtau whati i piriti cytoplasmic i waenganui ia ratou, ka pei tahi i te tahi (wehenga wehenga). Tauira: Anthrax Bacillus.
2. wehenga tupato ki te āwhina o te mata retireti o tetahi takitahi. Tauira: Escherichia.
3. Wāhanga. He huarahi i roto i nei whakaahua ana tetahi pūtau tetahi huri noa te ahua i roto i te puka V. Tauira: diphtheria huakita.

I roto i tenei ngā tōkai (vegetative) huakita hua takitahi mutunga.

reproduction Fakasekisualé: Āhuatanga

Kia pehea te ko te whakareatanga o huakita ara fakasekisualé, i whakapumautia ai anake i roto i te 1946. I mua i mohiotia tenei anake i whakaaro matou he kōwhiringa. I whakapono te reira e te whakahoki ki te pātai o te pehea, ki te whakaputa uri enei huakita, he mārama: asexually anake i te wehenga pūtau i roto i te rua.

Heoi, ngā ki taumahatanga o coli Escherichia whakakitea e he nehenehe o conjugation ona pūtau. Na ka karangatia e te reira tukanga motuhake o te utu o te rauemi ira. A ko te tohu tika ko te uri fakasekisualé tenei.

Ka rite ki taua, o ngā pūtau tane, he wahine e kore ko roto te huakita. Heoi, i reira he tonu te tetahi e kei te DNA tuatahi (tane), me te kotahi e ka waiho tona ope (wahine). Ko te tukanga katoa ko e whai ake.

1. ūngutungutu e rua ngā pūtau ki ia atu, me te kia whakapā.
2. huaina te whakapā ko te inu, a ka he te reira i te ngongo kaiota tuwhera. Hua pūtau "tane".
3. Na, ko te hongere i hanga e te whakawhiti DNA ki pūtau mātua papa tīmata ki te puta.
4. Here, kia māmā ai te rauemi ira te, whakawhitinga arā o whenua. Ia rāpoi ngota iho whakaoti te mekameka e ngaro ana.
5. Ko te tino puhoi te tukanga, kia hoki he ahei o rave rahi taime ki te tārua i tona DNA te wa o tona wahi pūtau "tane".
6. Ka rite ki te hua, te hanganga o te mau taata hou ki rauemi ira recombinant ki nga tohu o e rua ngā pūtau tane, he wahine. Na ko etahi pūtau metua tuatahi.

Ko te tupu o koroni kitakita

I roto i te tikanga ki te ako pehea te tupu me te uri o te huakita, te whakarite motuhake pāpāho ahurea e tika ana mō ia ahua. i Matete ratou taumahatanga, me te mātakitaki etahi tikanga horomata ki te karo i whakataetae i roto i hea, e matakitaki ana i ētahi atu microorganisms te huringa tango wahi me te tupu o koroni katoa.

Ki te kore koe e aukati i te āhuatanga whāiti i roto i tenei tukanga, ko te tupu taupori i roto i te haereraa taupū kōaro. Ko te pakoko haere o te pūtau i roto i te ara taiao - tika tauhanga.

sporulation

Rongo e he ahei o hanga te hanganga motuhake papapūata - te totohe, whakaaro tokomaha iwi e ko tetahi putanga o pehea tini huakita tenei. Heoi, ehara i te mea.

Tautohe - Ko anake he āhua rangitahi pūtau era o roto i te mea reira e taea ki te ora tikanga taiao kino. tekau tau tahi taime noa. Ki te tukanga fakatupú he i roto i kore ara hono.