Kamataanga: momo o te oneone. āhuatanga o te oneone

He tokomaha e taunga ana ki te kite i te ara ko te reira i roto i te puka i roto i nei tukua atu tika i teie nei. Heoi, nga miriona āhua o tau mahi i roto i tona hanganga. I te tīmatanga, ko te mata he kamaka. Neke atu i te wa, i te waiho i raro ia ki te horo, te mana o te ua me te kohuke. Ko te toenga o nga otaota tuatahi, me te muri haafaufaa i te oneone ki te pararopi. Na roto i tenei kāhuarau nui haere topsheet, hoko pai hanganga me te hanganga. E ai ki ngā take papawhenua, rerekē āhuatanga mīhini me te matū i runga i te mata katoa. Ko te oneone - te oneone, te kanorau o toka, hanganga tangata-i hanga. tenei katoa hoki te wa roa kua engineering oboktom me ngā mahi tangata.

whakarōpū

He maha ngā momo taketake o te oneone. Ko ētahi o ēnei, i roto i ngā, ngā:

• toka nukurau kotahi me te āhua mārō ki ngā hononga hanganga.
• Marara wehe-baked kahore kaha hanganga hono. Tūhono - uku, incoherent - makaka.

tämata hāngai i roto i te hanga o nga turanga o whare, hanganga engineering, me rite i roto i te paninga o rori, embankments me pāpuni. Well oreore mo te hanganga o takere raro huna, warehouses me etahi atu. pūtaiao oneone - te mara pūtaiao o te ako i te mea he oneone.

Types o te oneone, me o ratou āhuatanga

Hei hanga i te turanga pono e hiahia ana koe ki te tango i ki pūkete te kounga tinana o te oneone, i te mea i te raro. Te mōhiohio taketake ngā te tepu o te oneone. I mua i te tīmata te mahi ki te whakatinana ātete whenua tātaitanga. I roto i te aromatawai i tona pai hangarau me whakaaro āhuatanga pērā i:

1. Ko te homogeneity o te hanganga.
2. I roto i te whakaaro me mau, me te whakarea o te waku tahi puranga wāhanga oneone.
3. Ko te tau mōrahi o te absorption wai, me te te tuatahi o tona aroaro.
4. Ko te kaha o te oneone ki te pupuri whenumi wai ratou, ahakoa te mau tautooraa i hanga mo tona tango.
5. Erodibility me te wai memehatanga, compressibility, razryhlyaemost, te ukanga me te āhuatanga rite.
6. Hononga, me te āhua me te korakora rahi. I roto i tenei take te tikanga te kaha o nga here, e kua te whenua.

E wehea momo oneone ki rua ngā wāhanga whānui, e he motuhake i roto i te hanganga, ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me ngā tukanga whanaketanga. pā hoki ki kohatu rōpū takawaenga toka pakaru. ngā ratou o kohatu adulterated kauaka hono ranei. He huaina conglomerates te whakamutunga.

hanganga wewete

Tenei rōpū ngā momo oneone one, e kore maroke nei ngaro ratou rōrahi. I roto i te puka parakore, he ratou here tata hokiate i waenganui i matūriki. Hoki ngā konei me te paru. Ko reira, e nehenehe o te whakanui ake i tona rōrahi ka mākū me te i runga i te haumākū e taea whai i te hononga pai rānei. e kore e Sands i plasticity. I muri i te whakamahi o te kaha, e kōpeke tonu ratou, engari e kore e puritia e ratou āhua homai. Ko he ngāwari Nireaha ki te whakarerekē paru. Ko ia i raro i te mana o te ope waho kaua āta, engari kaha kōpeke.

hanganga toka

timahia reira ka paiherea i waenganui i te kamaka. Waho, enei hanganga tohu te ngohi tonu paparanga fissured ranei. Kukū ki te wai, whakaatu e ratou i te ōrau tiketike o te kaha shock. He ngāwari wairewa i roto i te wai, me te razmyagchimy ēnei hanganga. Ko ratou pai hāngai rite te pūtake mo te turanga e tika ana ki tona mauroa, ātete ki kōpeketanga me te huka. Ko te painga undoubted o enei hanganga ko te meka e he putanga atu, me te keri i ratou.

Conglomerates me te hanganga neskalnye

Te nuinga o enei he tioata neskreplonnye me toka parataiao makaka. E taea ki te tu atu i te hanga o te maha patunga enei hanganga. I enei whenua kawea ripa Unuhia turanga, te hōhonu o te mea i te iti rawa he hawhe mita. I runga i te rohe o te Russian Federation ko te rota o ngā momo o ngā hanganga toka e whai i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga ōkiko.

hanganga Wetekina

kia mea te reira e whakaaro te oneone-onepu te ki te waiho i te hanganga tika noa. He aha te mea tenei kāwai? Ko te hanganga o te ranunga korakora ngā te rota o te witi kiripaka, me ētahi atu rawa e kua puta tika ana ki huarere, o toka o matūriki o rahi iti rawa. E whakarōpūtia ēnei hanganga ki te maha subgroups. Tenei, i roto i ngā, haehaa, reo, me te nui, toka puehu. E ngāwari i raro enei hanganga katoa ki te whanaketanga, he e pai te hiri tino vodopropuskaemostyu raro i te pēhanga. A, no te whakapanga te onepu whakanoho iho ki runga ki te kiato, me te rōrahi e taea te whakatakoto i te turanga pai mo te whanaketanga atu. Mā te whakamahi i te mōrahi o ona āhuatanga ka puta i roto i te kaupapa i te mea i runga ake i te manawa whenua mīti te taumata. tenei katoa tei runga i te āhuatanga o te rohe, i roto i nei te hanga. puta Kōpeketanga onepu i roto i te wa poto, a ko te kupu te hohenga i te hanganga i taua e kore e rapua e te rota o te wā. Ko te tika hautanga ki te kaha ki te tu kawenga tōna rahi matūriki. Te rahi matūriki o te puehu onepu rerekē i 0,005 ki te 0.05 mm. e kore e waiho te reira i te pūtake pai ki te hanga i pakari rite kino ki pikaunga tiketike. Ko te ahei ki te totohu i raro i te pēhanga oneone Sandy. Ano, ia kihai tata i whakatio me ngāwari ki te haere te wai. Ki te hāngai te turanga i runga i te pūtake taua, me whakatakotoria reira i te hohonu e kore rawa 70 cm, engari kahore iti iho i te wha tekau henimita.

Ko te hanganga kirihou. faito

āhuatanga Kirihou o oneone tukua ki te wehe ratou ki te maha ngā rōpū. A feruri i te mea matua. hanganga wewete, te ihirangi o te mea 5-10% paru, ka karanga he one. riro etahi o ratou ki runga ki waimehatanga ki te wai flowable rite ki te wai. No te mea o tenei, kua karangatia e hoki te tämata floaters. He pai mō ngā turanga o te turanga taua hanganga. One i roto i tona hanganga, he i te 10 ki te 30% paru. haere mai ratou i roto i te marama, reo, me te taimaha. whakarato ēnei tohu he taua tūranga takawaenga i waenganui i te paru oneone, me te onepu.

rauemi Natural mo te turanga

Ko o faufaa nui i roto i te hanga o ngā whare nga āhuatanga tinana o te oneone. E kore nga kohatu e taea e koe te hanga i te whare. I roto i te rerekē ki te hanganga potakataka, te paru kua he compressibility tiketike. I roto i tenei take, e utaina ana te reira he tino puhoi te tukanga raungaitinga. Nä, ko te whare Koinei i runga i te whenua e ka tangohia wa ake. paparanga oneone ngā - o te kamaka, me te hanganga potakataka - e kore e whai ātete ki te aro. No te mea o tenei, to ratou he kaha kawenga whanau iti. Ko te hanganga tämata ngā matūriki miniti, nei te rahi e kore e nui ake 0.005 mm. I roto i tenei hanga kei hoki he nui iti o matūriki wewete. Ko te ngāwari Nireaha ki te kōpeketanga me te rākau Clay. Raungaitia runga nga tau, ka mahi tenei hanganga hei turanga pai mo te whakapanga te turanga o te whare. Heoi, i reira e he maha o rahuitia, no te mea i roto i te āhua o te āhua tata taea ki te kitea te maroke paru.

whakatairanga hanganga momo iti te hanganga o te pānga capillary. arata'i te reira i ki te paru mākū tamau. Ko te kore o tenei ahua o te hanganga e kore he i roto i tona ihirangi makuku, me heterogeneity. e kore ia e haere i te wai. No te mea o tenei, tohaina te wai kei te mā ngā täoke manawa whenua. I pāmahana iti, ka tīmata te paru ki te whakatio ki te whare, e arata'i ki tona huamo. whai wāhi ana tēnei ki te whakatairanga i te turanga. Haumākū paru pāhiwihiwi. I roto i te tahuri, tenei te tikanga e ka rerekē te whakatika i te reira i roto i ia wahi. arata'i tenei katoa ki te whakangaromanga o te whare. I roto i te tahi mau vahi, kaha i roto i etahi atu paku, engari i runga i te mata katoa i runga i te turanga pānga te oneone. Ngā momo o te oneone, i runga i nga āhuatanga e pā te turanga i roto i te huarahi rerekē rānei.

hanganga macroporous

Ko te kāwai motuhake, i hanga nei e te oneone paru tenei. Ko te ingoa o te macroporous riro te whakawhetai ki te āputa nui i waenganui i te matūriki ratou. He kitea kōputaputa noa ki te kanohi tahanga. A, no te whakaaro ka taea e koe te kite e he nui ki runga ake i te kōhiwi oneone ratou. Ko tēnei hanganga ngā rauemi loess. Ratou hanganga he reira neke atu i te 50% o matūriki puehu. He whānui i roto i te tonga o Russia me te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti enei hanganga. I raro i te mana o te houku taua momo waiwai me ngaro pūmautanga. Ki te te wāhanga tuatahi o clayey oneone i hanga e tika ana ki te rerenga hanganga i roto i te wai, i tae e tukanga microbiological, e karangatia ana ko Koinei. Kei te tino maha kitea ratou i roto i ngā wāhi repo, me te reporepo, me te wāhi Peat. Ki te te te hanga te turanga i runga i te rohe i roto i nei te tūponotanga o te aroaro o te loess me silty oneone, he mea e tika ana ki te tango i te mehua tika ki te whakapakari i te hanga.

Whakatau i o ōrite i roto i te rohe

whakaritea te hanganga o te oneone paru e te whanaketanga o te koko ngā. Hei tauira, ka piri te mea ranunga kirihou. Tino rerekē ia e arahi i te whenua pakeke. Momo o oneone kua oti te whakarite e okeoke ratou ki te aho komukumuku ona ringa ranei. Na ko reira taea ki te aromatawai ratou plasticity. oneone Clay holomui pai, te peroo me te pupuhi i roto i te mīti. Ko enei hanganga i roto i te ohie tino me kino mo te hanganga o te turanga. I runga i te pūtake o taua wāhi kia whakaurua i roto i te hohonu tonu o te haupapa penetration. whakamana aromatawai o te oneone i te pae te hanganga e te whakainu. Whakatika i te hāpainga o te wai i te mata. Ki te puta absorption i roto i hēkona, te hanganga o te kamaka one ranei. Tino hohoro e wai me te momo peaty mākū. Otiia i runga i te mata o te wai paru oneone puritia te.

Na ka pato i te torutoru etahi apa maroke, me te kotēhia te reira i roto i tou ringa. Ki te pakaru te hanganga kei te ake ki purapura ranei patai i roto i tona maihao, he reira toka kohatu one ranei. Clay ngāwari Nireaha ki te kōpeketanga me rave i roto i te puka puranga. ite e ahau he reira tino pahekeheke. Ki te mea te oneone ki te waiho i te hopi, silky me kore kōpeke pera nui, ka tino pea, ko reira parahua one ranei. hanganga Peaty rite ki te hautai.

Me pēhea te ki te whakatau i te hanganga o te kāinga?

whakanohoia punetēpu ki tonu o te oneone e i roto i te karaihe o te wai ma. He mea tika ki te uru me te waiho. I muri i te tahi haora ka taea kite koe i te hua. Ki te ko te raro o te waipara paparanga, me te wai iho ngā ma, ka tāpiri koe i te oneone onematua. Sand, kohatu i runga i te raro, me te mārama wai - ko tetahi hanganga. Te nuinga pea, te reira te kamaka. I roto i ngā, kia onepu kohatu oneone ranei tenei. wai Grayish me te repa uri ki pūāhua mō te hanganga pākeho. ka meinga e te wai kapua Peaty oneone. I te mata, i te wa ano e rewa whatiwhatinga kikokore, me te marama, me te puta waipara iti i runga i te raro. Ki te te paru te wai, me te parahua, riro te reira kapua. Ko te kupu, he hohenga kikokore i te raro.

taumata pH

Ka taea te wehea te oneone i runga i te tohu o te kawatanga rānei. Ko te kupu, i roto i ngā o te hanganga pH e ngonge waikawa, kūpapa paku kawakore ranei. I te taumata whakamutunga o te kawatanga oneone mai i 6.5 ki te 7.0. He nui hoki ngā tipu kari, tae atu ki ngā huawhenua reira, whai wāhi ki te tipu ake tere, me te whanaketanga. He waikawa te tämata kuputohu i 4.0 ki te 6.5, engari i 7.0 ki te 9.0 - ko reira hanganga kawakore. I tua atu ki enei, i reira ko nga ngā tino o te tauine - i te 1 ki te 14, engari e kore tata ratou puta i roto i te mahi o te ahuone Pākehā. He tika Knowledge o enei raraunga mo te kōwhiringa tika o otaota i runga i te whenua. Ko te kawatanga o te oneone e taea te heke e tika ana ki te ranu ki hanganga kotakota. Whakaara pH te tauturu conditioners organic. Heoi, kua he utu kaua tiketike te tukanga muri. I roto i tenei whakaaro, acidophiles te oneone kawakore taea te tupu wāhi i roto i ipu me e tonu ngā tāpu ki te hanganga waikawa.

whakatipu tipu

A, no te kōwhiri i te oneone mō te whakatō kia arotahi ki runga i taua mea rite:

• Ko tōna whānuitanga. He he oneone hoki puawai, tipu, me te kari, me te pūkenga. Ko taea ki te hoko Peat. Te reira i katoa tei runga i te whakaaro mo te mea e tika ana te oneone, te aha e kia tupu kai ahurea whakapaipai ranei i runga i te reira.
• Momo. Ki te e haere koe ki te tupu i te māngai o te kāwai taua, na te whiriwhiri pai e waiho he whenua motuhake mo ia. Otiia ki te mea i te torutoru, ka whakatata ao.
• rōrahi Consumption.

Ki te ranunga o te oneone i reira atu pōkurukuru, te whakamahi i vermiculite. Ki te kore nga pakiaka e pirau i te wai whakaroau i te raro o te apa whakato pana te whakatakotoria. Hoki cacti me te maha o te tahi atu tipu, he whakauru ki te hanganga potakataka te oneone. Ki te e wahi te taunga i roto i ngā wāhi haurokuroku, na ka āwhina i te reira ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te pūreirei. Hydrogel whakapiki i ngā tukanga makuku me te ruma rangi. Ki te whakaiti i te pH te whakamahi i waro. Kei te tapiritia te reira ki te oneone mō te puawai (hei tauira tāwhara) me ētahi atu tipu.

poke whaihua

hanganga oneone huawhenua, te nuinga whakamahia i roto i te whenua. Ko te whānuitanga o te hanganga ki ngā "whai hua" poke he nui whānui hoki o te whakaurunga o te kohatu, te uku, me ētahi atu wāhanga. He aha te ōrau o nga kai painga e tika ana? Tikanga, he oneone momona te huinga o te 50% Peat, 30% te whenua pango me te 20% onepu. Ko te kupu, ngā reira he ihirangi tiketike o ngā pūhui matū waro, me matū kohuke. He rerekē Primer waterproofness teitei hua. whakarato ana tēnei hanganga oti kai tōtika o te kai, ahakoa o te atamira o ratou tupu.

I te pakihi ahuwhenua, ngā pāmu, me te i runga i te whakaaro tūmataiti o te oneone momona whakamahia te kaha. pakari a pai ia ki te whāinga o e hoatu i roto i te tukanga o te te kai o ngā tipu ahurea. O te faufaa ngā Ko te meka e tauturu te reira ki te whakapai ake i te hanganga oneone, whakanuia ana hua. I tua atu ki taua, e kore e he ranunga taua hiahia whakamahi tongi atu.

Me pēhea te ki te whakapai ake i te hanganga oneone?

Hoki rawakore soils kamaka, me te one whakamahia overrotten konatunatua paru ki te kakau witi. Homai hiahia ki pai Equine atu kau. whai wāhi ia ki te roa o te te houku me te kohuke wāhanga i roto i te pūnaha tipu pakiaka. Otiia i roto i te whakawairakau kore e taea te tāpiri hou. Hoki te taua take e taea te whakamahi iari wairākau. He ranunga o te pirau hoiho hamuti, kotakota me te Peat huaina mushroom wairākau. Ki te hiahia koe ki te waihanga i tētahi tauhohe paku kawakore i roto i te kūpapa oneone, he ranunga taua he tino tika. Leaf mulch mō tipu e hiahia oneone waikawa, arā, mō ngā acidophiles wai-aroha. Ko te rangi-makatuunga, mulches me acidify te whenua. Hoki enei take, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i maramara rakau me te otaota. Kei te whakamahia te oneone Peat mo te hāora. hohoro te reira decomposes, engari kei tata kahore matūkai. I roto i te hotoke taea e koe te whakamahi i huruhuru, e te hunga taonga i roto i te ūkuikui. Ano, kei te honoa ratou ki te wāhi i reira e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatō rīwai. Ki te whakapai ake i te uruhanga wai me te hanganga o te oneone paru, te whakamahi rakau tapatapahi. Kei te whakamahia hoki te kiri mo te mulch, e tika ana ki te ahua me te huru maitatai. Ko reira e minaminatia ki te whakamahi i te whāhauhau rangi i te wa ano hei utu o maniua organic ranei. Whakaaro o te whenua e kua anake whakaritea ki te rui, keria ake, ka i konatunatua ki te ratou hoki te maha nga marama i mua i te whakatō. Hoki tongi whakarangatira tipu kua whakatokia te kahu oneone o mulch i te conditioning o rauemi organic ki maniua i te timatanga me te mutunga o te wa.