Kia mohiotia whika tōrangapū o Russia (te rārangi)

Ko wai e nga kaupapa here? Ko te tangata whai wāhi i roto i te mahi tōrangapū i te taumata ngaio tenei. mau ratou i roto i o ratou ringa i te mana ngū. He tokomaha o ratou haere mai ki tenei mara i te aituā e tika ana ranei ki te tahi mau huru. Taua whika i runga i te wā timata ki te noho i te wāhi i roto i te kāwanatanga o te whenua. Heoi, i reira he iwi e kaitōrangapū i te Atua. E farii ratou ki te huinga motuhake o ngā āhuatanga whaiaro, me te Charisma, na nga tini o te iwi ia ratou whiriwhiri ratou rite ratou kau taki, ki te tuku i to ratou whakarau, me o ratou ringa rite ki te whai i a ratou ki te mutunga. I muri mai i roto i te tuhinga tapaea tatou e rave rahi rārangi, e ka ngā tau tōrangapū o Russia, ngā i roto i te aamu.

senituli XVI-XVII

Tae noa te rau tau 16, ko Russia he pakaru i waenganui i nga rangatira, a taea te whakaaro ia o ratou he kau taki tōrangapū me te āhua o tona wa. I tua atu, i te whenua, ko te tino he wa roa i raro i te ioka o whakaeke ke. I te timatanga o te rau tau 17, oho iwi i te tangata e faaoti ki whakaara te iwi ki te whawhai i te "-noho". Na, ko nga kau taki o nga nekehanga whakaoranga motu ko te whika tōrangapū tuatahi o Russia. Tenei ko nga ingoa o etahi o ratou.

• Kuzma Minin. Kia aroha mai, te rā tangohia o tona whanautanga i te pūkete i reira, engari ko te reira i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 16. Ko ia he aito motu, me te kaiwhakahaere o te aroraa e tau'atāina motu.
• Prince Dmitry Pozharsky (1578-1642) - collaborator Minin i te whakahaere o te nuu faehau motu. Monument ki nga whika e rua ia titirohia i ni'ai te Square Whero.
• Ko te rangatira o te Pakanga kaiahuwhenua o 1670-1671 tau o Stepan Razin (1630-1671), tangohia ake ana te marea i te Cossack Ataman ki te tikanga tsarist. Ko te tauira o te pato'iraa wharekarakia Russian Here.

tau Tōrangapū o te rau tau 19 Russia

I roto i te kingitanga o Elizabeth tamahine Pita a te nui, me tona irāmutu Anny Ioannovny ko Catherine II me tana tama a Paora ahau, he maha tau rongonui i roto i te whenua. whai wāhi whika katoa enei tōrangapū o Russia ki te whanaketanga o to ratou whenua.

Ko te tuatahi i roto i te rārangi o te iwi tino nui, pea, kia waiho te ingoa o Aleksandra Vasilevicha Suvorova. Te riroraa tetahi o nga kau taki hōia nui o te whenua, e kore ia ngaro te whawhai.

Prince Dmitry Golitsyn (1734-1803), he rongonui takawaenga me te tangata whakao, awhina nga ngākau nuitanga o Russia i France me te Netherlands. I ia hoa ki te mau philosopho French pērā i Voltaire.

Apee o Catherine II

Ko te mea ngaro e haere mai Ekaterina Velikaya ki te mana i roto i te tukipoto whare. Ko tētahi o ona ngā ko te hoa tata o te Empress heke mai - Alexei Orlov (1737-1807). I tua atu i a ia i roto i te kingitanga o te kuini i te tahi atu kaitōrangapū Russian, e kua whakapumautia, whakawhetai ki te manakohia o rangatira o te kāwanatanga. O ratou ingoa: Grigory Potemkin, Sergei Saltykov, Michael Miloradovich, Grigory Orlov, Alexander Yermolov Alexander Lansky, Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov, Piotr Zavodovsky, etc. He uaua ki te whakarārangi i te makau katoa o Catherine II, engari i tata nga tangata katoa o ratou etahi mana i runga i ngā kaupapa here. whenua i roto i te tetahi wā o te wā.

Ko te tahae tuatahi

I roto i te kingitanga o te Kuini o te faahitihia tetahi o nga hinengaro tino marama o te wa ko Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev (1749-1802). whakaaro Progressive me orurehau ko mua o tona wa ia, tautoko i te whakakāhoretanga o serfdom i te whenua. Apee o ana whakaaro i orurehau Russian Nikolay Ogarev (1813-1877), pehe me te buka, me te tona hoa tata Herzen, Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) - he theorist o anarchism, i ko wahi o te Wīwī, Tiamana, me te revolution Czech o 1848-1849 .
Ratou "hoariri" taea te huaina Alekseya Arakcheeva (1769-1834) - te māfimafí I. Tsar Alexander

I roto i te rau tau 19, e kore e taea e huaina tau tōrangapū rongonui Sergei Witte (1849-1915). Tona takoha ki te whanaketanga o te kāwanatanga e kore e taea te whakarite ki te ki tetahi mea. taea mea koe i hanga e kua whakawhetai ki ana whakaaro auaha o te whenua, he tupeke nui mua.

Ko te timatanga o te rau tau 20 (wā mua-orurehau)

Ki te haere mai te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau i roto i Russia i te ao tōrangapū i te rota o ngā rōpū, te Mensheviks, nga mua, nga Octobrists, nga tahae Social, nga Democrats Social, populists, me ētahi atu Noatia, taea ngāwari hanga nga kau taki o ia o ratou he rārangi o "Te kaitōrangapū o te rau tau 20 Russia (timata). ".

I roto ia ratou, ko te ahua tino rongonui George Plekhanov (1856-1918) - tetahi o nga kau taki Menshevik. I roto i te takanga o 1905-1907. Kua kua ia kaha i roto i te pakanga ki te tātai Bolshevik me rautaki. Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970), e mohiotia e te meka i whiriwhiria e ia upoko o te kāwanatanga wā i muri i te revolution bourgeois, mo ona whakaaro tōrangapū i SR. Ko tētahi atu kaitōrangapū Russian rongonui ko Pavel Milyukov (1859-1943). Ko ia te tiamana o KDPR, i ko tetahi o ārahi nga rōpū ohaoha-monarchist o te whenua. Ki nga monarchists te kahui ka ngā ano kaipupuri whenua nui, me te kaitōrangapū a Pita Stolypin. Admiral Kolchak (1873-1920) - te rangatira o te Black Moana tāruru i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao i roto i te wā pou-orurehau tu whakaaro counter-hou. Ka taea e te taua te mea o Baron Wrangel (1878-1928) me te Anton Denikin. I roto i te whawhai, bossed ratou te ope White Guard. Otiia i roto i te tonga o Russia whakahaere nga ope counter-orurehau Nestor Makhno (1889-1934), ranei e kiia ana ko roto i te iwi, Makhno. Ki tona nama neke atu i te kotahi ngāue kaiwhakatuma. no ia ki te rōpū o mua.

Ko te kau taki o te tikanga Soviet

whakaaro tau enei pai-mohiotia tōrangapū o Russia hoki rite nui rite 73 tau tau i toa. To ratou oraraa i pūrākau, tuhituhi pukapuka, o ratou ingoa i huaina i pa, wheketere me ngā kura, Komsomol ko Pioneer ono. Ko e kau taki o nga mua ratou, a i roto i te heke mai - te Pāti Communist o te Soviet Union.
Vladimir Ilich Lenin (Ulyanov). Fanauhia i roto i te 1870, ka mate ia i roto i te tau 1924 kia rite ki te hua o te mahi kaiwhakatuma. Scientist, pāhoro, he ahua tōrangapū rongonui. I muri i te Oketopa Revolution, i mohio ia rite te rangatira o nga iwi nei i wahi o te Soviet Union - he whenua i hanga i runga i tona kupu.

Tuarua o Lenin me tetahi o nga tahae rongonui Bolshevik ko Mikhail Kalinin (1875-1946). I te tau 1923 ka pōtitia ia hei tiamana mō o te Komiti Executive Central o te Soviet Union.

Zheleznyy Feliks - te rongonui Cheka Dzerzhinsky, o nei nanakia tata i rongo tokomaha. Ko ia tetahi o nga tahae tino wä, ahakoa heke i te utuafare pai. Tata i te ra tuatahi o te Soviet Union i te nohoanga, ka ia a nga tangata Commissariat o Internal Affairs.

Leon Trotsky (Bronstein ingoa tūturu) rite te tino kau taki pāhoro o te Soviet Union. Heoi, i muri i te matenga o Lenin, ka anga ia ki te faahapa i te kaiārahi Soviet, rawa Stalin, hoki i peia e ia i te whenua. Ka atiutiu noa i roto i Europe, noho ia i roto i Mexico, i reira ka timata ki te tuhituhi i te pukapuka e pā ana ki a Hohepa Dzhugashvili - te rangatira hou o te iwi Soviet. Ko Stalin nei whakahau te toremi o Trotsky. mate ia i roto i te 1940 i roto i te whakaeke.

General Hekeretari o te CPSU

Ko wai e pai kia mohiotia pai i roto i te Soviet Union atu i te USSR me kau taki tōrangapū Russian (i muri i te tiango USSR). I roto ia ratou te tūranga ārahi nohoia e nga karaipi tuatahi o te pariah. Kei raro ko te rārangi tonu.

• Hohepa Stalin (Dzhugashvili). ahu e ia te rangatira tari KP muri i te matenga o Lenin. I teie mahana, tona ingoa e pā ana te ki te tāmitanga tutu o neke atu i te rua miriona o tangata Soviet harakore, me whakahenga mo katoa o tenei te ko te ohooho i pathological o te rangatira Soviet.
• Nikita Hruschev (1894-1971). Mai 1953, i pōtitia ia hēkeretari tuatahi o te Komiti Central CPSU. timata te wā o te "koero" ki te timatanga o tona kingitanga. E rave rahi o te tangata repressed i roto i te puni i tukua, ka rehabilitated. Heoi, ka mahara te ao ia no te mea o ana eccentricities i te whare UN Whakaminenga Whānui, patu te pupiti i tona hu.
• Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982). i tohua tona era i te pai, i te pirau, me te utu whakapati.
• Yuriy Andropov (1914-1984). Tenei tangata ngali ata me te ta'e, i mua i te riroraa i te hekeretari tuatahi o te KP, ahu te KGB, e whakaatu nei ki tona maramarama faahiahia, me te whakangungu motuhake. I muri i te matenga o Brezhnev, i whakaritea e ia ki te pou o te hekeretari tuatahi o te Pāti Communist o te whenua. Otiia i roto i tenei pou noho ia e kore e roa rawa, 2 tau tika.
• Ko te hēkeretari i muri o Konstantin Chernenko ano arahina poto te Pāti Communist o te Soviet Union, he tau anake. Mō tona mahi, torutoru iwi i tenei ra e taea mahara.
• Na rawa, te hēkeretari whānui whakamutunga o te CPSU - Mikhail Gorbachev. Ia ka hoki te peresideni tuatahi o te Soviet Union. Kua Attitude ki reira kua konatunatua roto te iwi. Ki te tona ingoa e pā ana te ki perestroika, glasnost, te parariraa o fepaki ā-rohe, te mimiti haere o nga whenua Commonwealth - kaiuru o te Warsaw Pact, te hinga o te Berlin Wall, me ētahi atu

Kaitōrangapū o Russia hou

I te timatanga o te rārangi, o te akoranga, ko nga ingoa o nga iwi nei i i te takenga mai o te āhua Russian hou. A tuatahi i roto ia ratou, ko Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin. Ko ia he ngā hapori mua, engari ka hoki te rangatira o te kāwanatanga Russian motuhake me te peresideni paingia pōtitia tuatahi o te Russian Federation. I 2000, ko ia hoki i takoha take hauora ki te rihaina.

I muri i te wehenga atu o Yeltsin i te scene tōrangapū o ona mau ohipa rangitahi i tukua ki te unknown taitamariki Petersburger Putin. I teie mahana, Heoi, kahore kau taki tōrangapū o te rautau 21 Russia taea kore te whakataetae ki a ia i roto i rongonui i roto i te iwi. I rua pōtitia ia peresideni o te kaha nui, me i te mutunga o te wā tuarua i hoatu nga whatumanawa ki tona compatriot Dmitry Medvedev, i te wa ano tango i te pou o te pirimia. Heoi, i muri i te wā tuatahi hoki Medvedev te "tukapaku, peresideniraa" Putin, a ka mau ia ki te pou o te pirimia. I roto i te poto, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Ka mau hoki te toru o nga wa i runga i rite peresideni o te whenua nui rawa i roto i te ao.

Feia faatere o ngā rōpū tōrangapū i roto i Russia

Ka rite ki i te mutunga o te rau tau 19, i roto i nga 90 o te rau tau 20 te kāwanatanga Russian, he ope o ngā rōpū tōrangapū, i roto i nei ko te nui rawa te "United Russia", "Apple", te Rīpera Democratic Party, te Pāti Communist, me etahi atu. Ratou te feia faatere aua mahi Vladimir Putin ko Dmitry Medvedev, Yavlinsky, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Zyuganov.

hei utu o te mutunga

Ko te rārangi i runga ake o te tau tōrangapū rongonui Russian, o te akoranga, e taea e kore e huaina oti. i reira nga tokomaha ake i runga i te rau tau. Heoi, ingoa o kaitōrangapū e kua whakaurua ki roto ki a ratou, he mea ka taea ki te ingoa i te nui tino.