Kilometera pū: momo me ngā āhuatanga

O maha tāutu i nga mea katoa o hākinakina hotoke e rua tino mīharo. Tenei haupoi me te kilometera. Te Soviet Union, a ka Russia, kua tonu kua whakakake o ratou hua me whakatutukitanga i roto i enei hākinakina. Haere i te iti rawa te taua Kharlamov i haupoi Tikhonov (wha-wā toa Olympic) ranei i roto i te kilometera. Ki te haupoi taputapu he mārama - te Roha, tokotoko, potae. Ki te kilometera Ko nui atu ngā, me te ātaahua, no te mea i roto i te meka ko reira he hākinakina rua - faahee me te shooting. hoki ki te whakapai kanohi ki te taputapu katoa mo te kaupapa ko mārama: te mea matua - imi i te hinu ki te rangi, engari ki te patu biathlete, i te mea te pū e kore he, pera ohie. Rōpū ki te whiriwhiri uaua o te tohu rite ki te hua o tenei angitu, tei runga i shooting. ata e tano kaitäkaro reira wheako ki te kōwhiringa o patu. A rite kilometera pū titiro reira? Sioloto atu ka tukua atu ki te aro o te kaipānui i roto i muri i roto i te tuhinga. I roto i te takiwa, kia tatou he haerenga iti ki te hītori, me te kitea i roto i ka me i raro i te mea i huru tenei ahua o patu hākinakina.

He hītori iti

I te mutunga o te Pakanga II o te Ao, ko te tautiaki hōia tino rongonui, i roto i te ngako ko reira te tauira o te kilometera hou. Taputapu i te wa e he Army whawhai tikanga Mosin raiwhara, ki nei ara haere oti, me te bayonet. E te ara, i ratou i roto i te taviniraa ki te ope Soviet i roto i te whawhai ki a Germany.

I muri i nui te tautohetohe, te Olympic Komiti International, i 1960, i reira ko he kilometera tuatahi mahi roa-tatari i nga Winter Olympics. Hoki kaitäkaro Soviet Kalashnikov āwangawanga ki whakangao tukuna pū whakamātau "kilometera-59." ko kilometera pū titiro i te diopter wā. Kei te hoki rawa te reira ki te pokohiwi kawe me te uhi tiaki motuhake. Taumaha kilometera pū i kore tino whakaritea.

Course i runga i ao hou me te whakapai ake o

I muri i te Winter Olympics i roto i 1960 Sherstyakov patu kaihoahoa, tango rite te pūtake te pū Mosin, te whakaputa i te patu hou mo te kilometera. Te tauira, kua tahuri nei i roto i rite ki te hua, whakaputaina i roto i putanga e rua, a ka i he ingoa, i runga i te ërä "Biatlon Bi-7.62" me "Biatlon Bi-6.5 '(cartridges tukunga rānei i ngā āhuatanga 7.62 mm me 6.5 o mm, aua).

kawea mai te whakamahi o tenei patu te biathletes Soviet angitu Olympic tuatahi, i roto i ngā Vladimir melanin i roto i te 1964 Winter Olympics i roto i i taea e ki te riro i te mētara koura tuatahi i roto i te kilometera Innsbruck.

I roto i te tīmatanga o nga fitungofulú haamata "kilometera B-4" tuku o te pū hou, shooting o nei i kawea i roto i ki te rimfire kariri. i te tauira, he taimaha tino raro. tukua minamina ana i muri i noa te tau i muri i te tuku o te mua, a i te ingoa "kilometera Bi-5." whakahaere pupuhi i cartridges parekura pokapū e tangohia e ërä 5.6 mm. Ko reira ki tenei pū te whakamanamana i o te wha-wā toa koura Olympic Aleksandra Tihonova.

whakataetae patu

Ehara i anake i roto i te Soviet Union i taea ki te hanga patu mo kilometera. Me kï hoki me te kamupene ke. Ko te rongonui tino pērā kamupene rite "Anschutz" me "Walter" i Germany, "sako" hanga i roto i Finland me te Austria "Staer Mannlicher."

"Anschutz" tino mōhiotia, me te untwisted pū kilometera. Ko Kua whakatutukitia e te kaiārahi o tenei kamupene te kapa te German Army kilometera ki te whakawhanake i tētahi pū mo te kilometera, e ka kia tino whakarite kaitäkaro German rite ki paearu pērā i te haratau me te utu te kaha. Ko te kupu, whai wāhi ki te waihanga patu hou te pai pū iti-ërä, i taua wa ko e "Antshutts-54", te tino i te reira i raro i maloimpulsnogo kariri pātīmata pokapū, nei i te .222 ërä.

Te huri i ngā kaupapa matua

1978 whakaaro te he taumata i roto i te whanaketanga o te kilometera. Ko te whakawhiti ki patu iti-ërä i hanga te takaro wātea, me te whānui. Na ko te initiator o tenei hui nui i te maro taua Tiamana "Anschutz", ua faaue nei e ona teina, ka hangaia taua patu. Whenua nei kaitäkaro i te pai i roto i te hākinakina, ara te Soviet Union, Norway, Finland me te United States kihai i hiahia ki te ngaro ratou tūranga i roto i te kilometera ao, me te neke i patu hōia ki iti-ërä.

Na reira, hoki te pōti, i kawea i roto i roto i te tikanga ki te neke ki te ërä hou, i reira ko he kaitautoko ngā whakahaputia o te patu hou. Na reira i tū "tāwai tōrangapū" o te rōpū Austria e pai ki te pupuri i te Ipu o te Ao i roto i te kilometera i te 1978, ki te kore e manakohia nga patu hou ki mahi. pōti e toru ngā mema ki te taui i to ratou whakataunga taketake, ka nōhia te te toenga i roto i manakohia o te tauira hou.

Ko te kupu, whati i te kaiwhakanao Tiamana me kaitäkaro ki te kau taki o te kilometera ao, ia i roto i to ratou ake rohe. I hanga patu hākinakina paerewa atawhai: kia papatipu i te iti rawa 3.5 kg, ërä pū kilometera - 5.6 mm, atu nuitia mohiotia rite .22lr. Me kia rimfire kariri.

Putanga o te whakawhiti ki te patu iti-ërä ko he hekenga i roto i te tawhiti ki te ngä -. Na ko reira kua riro 50 m biathletes Tiamana e whitu o te mētara koura iwa i te kilometera Ao Toa i roto i 1978, tū i raro i te ture hou. Head kaiako o te USSR Alexander Privalov, he toa taonga mua o rua Olympic Games, whakahengia te mahi kino o te rōpū motu o te USSR e kore e whakakapi patu, me te ahua hou o faahee whakamahia me te hinu hē ki āu.

whakautu tika ki te huringa o ngā ture

Gunsmiths me kaihoahoa i Izhmash (Izhevsk Machine-Hanga Plant) wawe whakaurua he pū hou "kilometera B-6," e whakamahi cartridges awhi-ahi, i roto i runga i te whakaritenga hou.

faataa te ngaro o te taua tuku tere o nga patu hou te tino banal: te taua rite i roto i te tīmatanga o nga 60raa, mā te whakamahi i te pūtake o Mosin raiwhara, tauira "kilometera Bi-7.62" me "kilometera-Bi 6.5" Kua whakawhanakehia, a i roto i tenei wa kua oti te kaihoahoa putanga o "Ural-5-1" me "Ural-6-1" ka hanga e te ao hou, hohonu "kilometera Bi-6".

pūrere pū

Air kilometera pū āhua i te taua mo kamupene katoa me faikehekehe anake i roto i ngā waeine tauwehe puka me etahi tūranga motuhake. I roto i tetahi take, he whakaritea, me te piri whakahaere rerekētanga katoa. Biatlonnaya raiwhara, ngā nei pūrere o ngā wāhanga paerewa me ngā tikanga, kua he oko, he pouaka rakau, he tirohanga kuwaha keu me te taonga. Ko te hoahoa e āhei te reke, ka hiahiatia ki te huri i ona āhuatanga rārangi mā te tāpiri hiri atu. Me hoki koe he whitiki mo raiwhara kilometera. tano te reira i putanga peketua anake, mai te mea te reira i te kōwhiringa tino mahi. Titiro kilometera pū me anake hei diopter, te whakamahi o te whatu tapui.

Takitahi e taea te whakaritea me te whakarite i ētahi atu wāhanga o te raiwhara, hei tauira, "paparinga" (wahi o runga o te take) me te here he matau mo te kotaha. Ka taea te whakaritea te pokapū o te papatipu o ringa mā te tāpiri whakaiti nga pauna whärite ranei. pū overcharging Rapid, i waho te huri i te tūranga o te kaipara i mahi mā te tikanga ratchet e tutakina i te whanau oko mā toki poutū o te hurihanga.

pukupuku tiaki whakarite i to ratou mahi o te tiaki ki nga mea katoa o te oko hongere contamination, patu titiro me te ngarahu. Ko te hoahoa o te huarahi marumaru optimally whakarite te kaha pēhi, neke te keu o te keu, me te te āhua o te heketanga kahore disassembly o patu. Mai i te ahua o te kilometera i ona ture kua whakaae: kia a retireti noa ōna tītaka tutaki kilometera raiwhara, a muri anake i te mau ohipa o 1978 mana te whakamahi o tauira ki hoahoa rerekē o te huarahi.

Marumaru Hanganga u "Anschutz"

Ia kamupene, whai wāhi nei i roto i hokohoko raiwhara hākinakina, whakawhanake, me te hua te patu mo tona hanganga kuwaha. Ko te kaihanga Tiamana o "Anschutz" whakamahi marumaru, te hoahoa o te mea i whakawhanakehia i roto i te 1935, te whakapai ake tonu i te reira.

I mua ki te 1984, whakaputaina nga patu katoa o te waitohu ko ki te whakamahi o ngā āhuatanga hanganga ki tikanga hurihuri. I muri i 1984, kitea te gunsmith P. Fortner i runga i te marumaru tikanga pū, kahore e tupato, ka whakamahia tenei hoahoa kei i runga i ngā tauira katoa o te kamupene "Anschutz" ki tenei ra. He āhuatanga motuhake o enei whakaaro he nui ake kiato i roto i te rahi, i te ngaro o lugs hiahiatia hoki cartridges tiketike-mutunga.

Reloading pū hanga tino māmā, me e rua maihao: taupū maihao kukume i te kakau, Kia cocking te marumaru, me tona whakamuri mā te pēhi i runga i te hoki o te huarahi o te koromatua. Ano, pā te tika o te patu, ka recharging ejector me Pūunu, e tika ana ki to ratou hoahoa reliably mahi ratou mahi i pāmahana rangi iti.

Ētahi atu vaolo whakaaro

Ko te tuatahi ki te whakamahi i tētahi hoahoa marumaru hou i roto i te tauira Finnbiathlon, hangaia e Tampeeren Asepaja Finns. Ko te tikanga kua he tere ōna-retireti, a kahore ki te tahuri.

I muri ia ratou i roto i te Soviet Union puta hoki kilometera pū "B-7", he marumaru e kua te taua hanganga. Me kï hoki nga hua o te patu tino kaihoahoa Susloparova. i taea e i roto i te wa poto ki te faaineine i ki te tango i te wahi i roto i Moscow Olympics tauira "B-7-2", i tonu te whanaketanga o patu hākinakina te tino rongonui raupapa "kilometera" ia. A paraparau i te Olympics ki te tauira hou, kua pai-mohiotia Alexander Tikhonov riro tona mētara koura wha i roto i te tānga. E te ara, i roto i te rua Winter Olympics biathletes muri i te Soviet Union ki te awhina o tenei pū ngā ka mau koura i roto i te iwi tānga.

raiwhara Whanaketanga "kilometera" raupapa

I runga i te pūtake o te tino rongonui pū "B-7-2" i roto i te tīmatanga o nga 90 whakawhanakehia, ka whāngai hoki tauira biathletes ratonga "B-7-3" me "B-7-4". Ka muri i te huringa ora o enei rama ki whakapainga tonu tae noa ki te Winter Olympics i Vancouver.

Mai 1991, tīmata te kaiwhakarato matua o ringa ki-kilometera kaitäkaro Kalashnikov āwangawanga, hanga o te tauira hou "B-7-2". Pihinga i raiwhara kilometera o te raupapa te .22lr kariri ërä rimfire he, kia rite ki ngā paerewa whänui ana te whakaaetia i roto i te 1978. he tika tāpaetanga ki te hurihia toa, te kaha o e ka muri hoki rima rauna. Hoki ngā rite paerewa, me te paura atu mo te pūrere, i roto i te nui o toru nga wahi. Wha toa i roto i te iwi kei roto i te rīpene motuhake piri e te ki te reke pū.

Maukati o takere oko o te whāhauhau puta hoahoa mau rimarima i-hua.

Ko te paearu matua mo te shooting i roto i te kilometera ko te patu recharge nohopuku i waho te huri i te tūranga o biathletes me fakamoleki wa utu nui i runga i te whāinga hou. Pouaka kariri i roto i te oko o te pū "B-7-2" e hanga e te motini reciprocating e te kakau motuhake. Marumaru i te reloading nekehanga i roto i te pewa iti.

kitea te pū te whärite, whakaritea nei mā te tāpiri te tango ranei pauna kei a. Hoki ki te kia te whakatakoto i te kume keu me te keu patu. Paparinga i runga i te take me te roa o reira e faaterehia e me e whirihora takitahi hoki ia kaipara rite te kaipara i te haratau ina tei shooting i runga i te tika. Te oko, titiro mua, me te whānui pū rawa ki te tapo'io te nohopuku nga apa motuhake, nei matua mahi ko ki te tiaki i te patu i te hukarere, paru, me te tahi atu paranga e taea pā i te tika o te shooting.

Ka rite ki whakahuatia, te hanga o tenei pū tohu ko te roa te wa, me i roto i tenei wa i waiho i raro ia ki ngā whakapaitanga me hou. Hei tauira, tukua tenei ra "B-7-4A" tauira. Te te reta i roto i te ingoa tohu e tenei pū he maro Tiamana oko-mohiotia "Anschutz".

pū Elite

Hoki whiriwhiri ngā tauira, ritenga hoki te kaipara ngā. Pū "B-7-4" i roto i te whakarerekētanga iwa he waitohu moenga hou, e taea e te tatūnga ki te whakatau i nga whakaritenga o tetahi biathlete; hou titiro muri i te maro whakataetae "Anschutz"; rere mowhiti, e ai kia ngohengohe ki te whakarerekētanga. Kia kore ai te waikura, me te whakapai ake mahi o te kaiwhiwhi e i raro ki te whakakikorua Matāmura me te oko. I roto i te tahi atu tauira taratahi raiwhara whiriwhiri "Antshutts 1827", e kiia nei ko "te pai o te pai" toa maha, me te taonga-biathletes.