"Ko e Sonata Kreutzer" e Lva Tolstogo. Whakarāpopoto, tātari me te urupare i runga i te kōrero

"Ko e Kreutzer Sonata" - he mahi tino Lva Tolstogo, whakaputaina i roto i te 1891. Nā ki tona ihirangi taunanawe te waiho i raro tonu i te reira ki te aukatinga nui. I roto i te kōrero whakatika ki te faaipoiporaa, ngā take whānau, hononga ki te wahine. enei kaupapa katoa tahu te kaituhi kua tona whakaaro taketake, ohorere kaipānui miharo. Ko te ihirangi o tenei mahi, me te take kōrero i roto i tenei tuhinga.

History o hanga

i tuhituhia pūrākau "Kreutzer Sonata" i te wa o Tolositoi raruraru hinengaro, me te auaha mate. kī te kaituhi e i roto i tona ora i reira ko tetahi hanganga o te "mahi, e kiia nei ko toi." Katoa i roto i te mahi - te pūnaha whiti, kāhua, hanganga o marohirohi tuhituhi - kua oti te huringa nui whakaritea ki nga mahi mua o Leo Tolstoy. Ko te whakaaro matua o "Kreutzer Sonata," mo Tolositoi i tona "Afterword," ka karanga te reta o etahi wahine ko Slavyanka me whakaraupapahia i roto i tona wāhitau ki tona whakaaro ake e pā ana ki te tukino o wahine titau te natura fakasekisualé. Kairangahau rā te auahatanga matarohia pūrākau taratara tuhituhi-nuku 1887. Ko te hua o te kaituhi toutou anōtia. I tai'o tuatahi te putanga whakamutunga Tolositoi i Whiringa 1989 mo te whakarongo tīpako i roto i te whare Kuzminskaya.

aukatinga

I roto i te 1889, ka tonoa e Tolositoi he novella "Te Kreutzer Sonata" i te St Petersburg whare whakaputa "takawaenga", te wahi kotahi i ruarua e ka te hua ngaromanga e te tu re. Kua mahi ngā kaimahi whakaputa ki te tuhituhi anō tana ake mahi, me te ki te tuwha kape o reira katoa i runga i St Petersburg. haere mai te reira i rite te bombshell. Heoi, i mua i te tānga mōhiohio i reira tonu rawa tawhiti atu. E ai ki te tino kaimahi whakahaere o te Press i veiveiua: e kore e te aamu e whakaputaina i roto i Russia, a me te pukapuka ngaro tonu. rōrahi toru mahi kohia o Tolositoi i pai ki te tā hoki te taua take - "Te Kreutzer Sonata" whakaurua i roto i te reira. Anake whakaaetanga whaiaro o Alexander III, nana nei i hanga te wahine o Tolstoy, Sofya Andreyevna, whakaaetia ki te whakaputa i te pukapuka kinotia ia i roto i te 1891. Te aha te reira i na nanakia he hua o te aukatinga? Ka taea te kitea te whakahoki ki tēnei pātai i roto i te whakaahuatanga o te aamu.

whakarāpopototanga

"Ko e Kreutzer Sonata" parau te aamu o o te huru matua, Basil Pozdnysheva, e noho ana taratara, ki tonu i te mōrearea ngahau o te taitamarikitanga te whakarau, faaoti ia ki te noho ki raro, ka tīmata te whānau i roto i te toru tekau nga tau. marenatia ia mo te aroha, hiahia ki te piri ki te "kōhimuhimu e" me kaha whakakake o ona whakaaro pai. Heoi, ko te hononga i waenganui i te tane me te wahine kua whakangaueuetia ki to ratou taime. Ua ite Pozdnyshev te riri o te wahine taitamariki, ka whakaritea ai ki te "utu o taikaha", e whakapae "ringihia" aroha hanahana. Neke atu i te wa, ka mohio te hero e kore e kawea ki tona faaipoiporaa ia tetahi sensations ahuareka. ko nga mea katoa "whakarihariha, whakama, me te hōhā." mahi te whanautanga, me te whakatipu o ngā tamariki kia rite ki tetahi atu rave'a no te tautohetohe me te tūkino. Hoki e waru nga tau, faaipoipo i rima tamariki, i muri nei i tana wahine i pai ki te hoatu whanau, kawea ake ia, ka anga ka ki te titiro a tawhio noa i roto i te rapu o ngā wheako hou. I mīharo ia e vaiolini orotika ki a ia "Kreutzer Sonata" mahi tahi. tukua Pozdnyshev i hae, me te kotahi kitea tana wahine ki te hoa tauwhāinga, patua ia mata Ramahiku.

Whanaungatanga ki te wahine

mahi te wahi o fakamamahi, engari tino manakohia. He aha te hapori kia pouri, a miharo "Kreutzer Sonata" e Tolositoi? Tuatahi o nga whakaritenga katoa, e faaite te protagonist. Own whanonga whakarihariha i roto i tona tamarikitanga hanga ngakaukore ia. Ko blames ia matua wahine. Tenei kakahu faatiani kakahuria e ratou, ahu ratou ki hei "ahanoa o te weriweri." kaikorero e ia metua vahine hiahia pai hoatu ratou tamahine i roto i te faaipoiporaa, me mo taua kākahu ki runga i roto i o ratou pūeru faatiani. ta ia e he pai te mōhio o ratou kaha ki runga ki nga tangata nga wahine me kei te kaha te whakamahi i te reira, i mohio e taea hiahia kikokiko i runga i ētahi atu katoa te whakanuia te nuinga o nga whakaaro takoto kaha. A katoa enei whakaritenga āwangawanga kore anake mo te taata hinga, nei ratonga kore e piri, ki ngā māngai o te akomanga taonga. I roto i te meka, karanga ia kotiro whanonga kairautanga o te hapori nui, me te tohe ka tonu e wahine kia numinumi, tae noa ako ratou ki te kia tano, me te viivii.

Attitude ki te faaipoiporaa

Pūrākau "Kreutzer Sonata", te tātaritanga o i te aroaro o te i roto i tenei tuhinga, kei te kaha whakatairanga te nohopuku fakasekisualé. A e kore e anake he faaipoiporaa. e pā ana Tolositoi ki te kupu i te Evanelia o Mataio: "katoa e titiro i te wahine, he hiahia, kua puremu ke ki a ia i roto i tona ngakau" - a whakaaro enei rārangi kore anake ki te waho o tetahi wahine, engari tae noa ki tana wahine ake. whakaaro ia anuanu ahuareka kikokiko, me te whakarihariha. whakaaro ia tona hononga ki tana wahine, heke e tika ana ki instincts kararehe, e kore te mea e tika maha whakakitea ki a ia. whakapono ia e te natura taata, ko te kotiro unspoiled hoariri faaiteraa katoa o te aroha tinana. Ki te maua e tetahi tangata te wawata tiketike mo te aroha o te Atua, ka paruparu te kikokiko - o whaiaro-aroha, e hopoi mai te hara ki te reinga. Na te poke whakaoho ara hara rahi i roto i te take o Pozdnysheva - kohuru.

Attitude ki ngā tamariki

Kei tokomaha whakawa rangirua te "Kreutzer Sonata". Tolositoi (ihirangi kōrero poto i roto i roto i tenei tuhinga) mahue kahore kohatu hurihia i roto i te whakaaro nui tikanga e pā ana ki te aroha mutunga mō rātou tamariki. Ko te ahua o te rima tuākana i roto i te whānau Pozdnysheva kore anake kihai i whakapai ake whanaunga hapu o te protagonist, engari pahuatia ratou te mutunga. wahine heahea, me te philoprogenitive tonu hohaa e pā ana ki te tamariki, he aha te mutunga kawa ora Pozdnysheva. A, no te hinga te tangata o nga tamariki kino, i whakarite te oraraa o Basil i tino tino reinga. I tua atu, kua ako te tokorua ki te "whawhai" ki ia atu ... tamariki. Ia i tona ake mōkai. Neke atu i te wa, ka tupu nga tamariki ki runga, ka ako ki te tango i te taha o tetahi o nga matua, e tika haere ki te riringi te hinu i runga i te ahi. Heoi, mo Tolositoi mangai o tona hero i whakapuakina ai e whakaorangia whanautanga tamariki ia i te mamae hae tamau o, no te mea mahi te hoa faaipoipo i anake i roto i ngā take whānau me i kahore hiahia ki te ohovale. Ko te mea kino rawa tīmata ka whakaako taote ia ki te ārai i te hapūtanga.

Attitude ki toi

Ko reira kahore aituā mohiotia te pūrākau tino kinotia ia o Leo Tolstoy te rite "te Kreutzer Sonata". a Tolstoy, he whakarāpopototanga o te mahi o nei tatou e ā i teie nei, tona whakaaro taketake e pā ana ki te toi. whakaaro ia reira tetahi kino whakaara i naia ware rawa o te iwi. Kua mutu Pozdnysheva wahine ki te hoatu whanau, prettier a ka whai wāhi i roto i te tākaro i te piana ano. Ko te timatanga o te mutunga. Tuatahi, kia rite ki te pūāhua matua, mahia te nuinga o puremu i roto i te hapori pai i raro i te take o te mahi toi, rawa waiata. Tuarua, hua te waiata "ongo irritating" i te whakarongo, hanga ana e ia tikanga e ite i te wa o te tuhi i te kaituhi o te mahi, ki te hanumi ki te wheako i kore te mea i rawe ki te tangata, kia whakapono ia i roto i ngā whai wāhitanga hou ki te pana, pera ki te korero, te Horizons o ratou ake tirohanga . A he aha? E ua ite tana wahine Pozdnysheva ia mahi meneti o "Te Kreutzer Sonata", he aha hiahia hou tomo ki tona wairua farii? Ko e pängia ana ki te kupu mo te wahine taumau hinga whakamutunga mana o waiata takakino, e kia hāngai ki te wahi, me te wa o te mahi, a te korikori ake i roto i te tangata, instincts kararehe te pūāhua matua.

to'utangata whakaaro

"Kreutzer Sonata," ko Tolositoi te kaupapa o te tautohe e mura, i roto i Russia kore anake, engari ki waho ano hoki. whakamoemititia Chekhov te faufaa o hoahoa me te ataahua o te kōrero mahi, engari i muri timata ia ki te mea wawau, me te kuware. Ano, tohe ia e maha o te whakaritenga i roto i te hua maka atu tona kaituhi rite te tangata "kuware, e kore e whakararuraru i ... ki te pānui i rua ranei e toru ngā pukapuka i tuhituhia e te tohunga." kaha whakahe i te Ekalesia te ihirangi wä o te kōrero. Ki te ia i pai ki te tokomaha fakaangá fakamāmaní. vied ratou ki tetahi ki tetahi āhuatanga toi tauā o pukapuka, me te hoki kaha whakahē tona tikanga. A. Razumovsky, kī I. Romanov e Leo "i roto i te wairangi" mio'i taipitopito tupu o te whanaungatanga utuafare me "tito noa puaki." fakaongo ratou nga fakaangá tuhituhi ke. American Isabel Helgud, translator o Tolstoy, ko o te tirohanga i te mea faufau te ihirangi o te kōrero noa i te mau ture o te haere noa o korero i roto i Russia me Europe. i takoha Leo Tolstoy ki te whakaputa i te "Afterword", i roto i nei whakatakoto ana i nga whakaaro taketake o tona mahi he reo māmā, me te mārama.

kōrero kahui

He maha arotake kino rongo ahau e pā ana ki tona kōrero Leo Tolstoy. "Ko e Kreutzer Sonata" takoha kaipānui ki whakaaro te tikanga whänui ana te whakaaetia, i hanga te pātai whanaunga i waenganui i te tane tino hāngai, me te kōrero. Ko te whakaaro o te wahine a te kaituhi, Sofi Andreevny. i mooni Fakafehoanakí mo e tauritetanga ki te ora whānau o Leo Tolstoy i muri i te whakaputanga o te pukapuka. rapu te wahine o Tolstoy, ahakoa āta tuhi "Kreutzer Sonata" me kaha ona whakaputanga, i pupuri i te mauahara ki te tane rongonui. Ka rite ki te wahine, me te taranata faahiahia, kua oti te tuhituhi e ia te mahi whakautu "wai tetahi he", i tomo ki roto ki polemics ki Lvom Nikolaevichem. whakaputaina te kōrero i anake i roto i te 1994, engari riro arotake kino i fakaangá. Heoi, i roto i tona Countess faaite tona tirohanga e te whanonga o te tangata, ka tukua ratou huru pono ki nga wahine. "Ko e Kreutzer Sonata", arotake o nei puta i muri i tona matenga noa, mahue he tohu hohonu i runga i te ora te utuafare o Tolstoy, whakapohehe io ake tona hononga ki tana wahine.

I roto i te mutunga

Ko te kohia mahi Lva Tolstogo "te Kreutzer Sonata" e whakapehapeha o wahi. kihai i More waha pukapuka tūmatanui o taua wa mohio. hanga te aukati o te aukatinga e pā ana kua reira noa atu rongonui. E ai ki to'utangatá, i muri i te ahua o tenei hua hei utu o te ohipa o te pātai "pehea e koe?" Ka mea katoa ia atu e pā ana ki te "Kreutzer Sonata". E rave rahi o te whakaaro whakahuatia i roto i te mahi, a inaianei titiro ki te kia tautohetia, me ētahi wā rorirori. Heoi, noho tonu whakaahuatanga tika psychologically o te hononga whānau, e te mutunga whiwhi he 'uhinga kino, me tenei ra nui, me te titau whakaaro tupato.