Ko te hanganga o te membrane wē i roto i te taipitopito

Pūtau tipu, te harore me kararehe ngā o toru wāhanga pērā i te karihi, cytoplasm ki reira me inclusions kei organelles me wē membrane. Ko te pata te kawenga mō te pupuri rauemi iranga tuhia i runga i te DNA, ka whakahaere hoki tukanga pūtau katoa. Kei roto i te cytoplasm organelles, ia o nei he ona ake āhuatanga, pēnei i, mo te tauira, te ariā o matū waro, respiration pūtau, pūtau nakunaku, a na i runga i. D. He wāhanga o te muri, ka kia kōrero i roto i te taipitopito ake i roto i tenei tuhinga.

He aha te mea te membrane i roto i te koiora?

I roto i ngā ohie, ko reira te anga. Heoi, ehara i te mea tonu tino rapu. Tata tonu tukua reira etahi matū waka i roto i te membrane.

I roto i te cytology taea te wehea membrane ki e rua ngā momo matua. Ko te tuatahi - ko te membrane wē e hipokina te pūtau. Ko te tuarua - te organelles membrane. He organelles e whai kotahi e rua ranei kiriuhi. Na roto i te odnomembrannym ngā te taputapu Golgi, kiriuwhi, vacuoles, lysosomes. Na roto i te dvumembrannym no plastids me pungaraungao.

Ano, Ka taea e te kiriuhi e rua i roto organelles. Ko te tikanga ko reira te membrane roto dvumembrannyh pärönaki organelles.

Kia pehea te he organelles membrane dvumembrannyh?

I roto i te plastids me pungaraungao rua anga. Ko te organelles waho membrane e rua maheni, ko te puka ā-tika ana mo te mahi o te hanganga organelle.

Ko te kupu, kua roto anga punaraungao haurangi - cristae tupuke ranei. Ki a ratou a reira ko te huringa o tauhohe matū e tika ana mō te respiration pūtau.

Ahu i te membrane roto o chloroplasts he takai kōpae-āhua - thylakoids. E kohia ana ratou i roto i puranga - grana. Whakakotahitia kanohi takitahi tuatihia e te tikanga o te lamella - e hanga e hoki hanganga roa i te kiriuhi.

Ko te hanganga o nga kiriuhi o organelles odnomembrannyh

I roto i enei organelles, membrane anake. Ko reira te tikanga he kōpaki maeneene arā, o lipids me pūmua.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga o te membrane wē o te pūtau

Kei te membrane o matū pērā i lipids me pūmua. Ko te hanganga o te membrane wē whakarato tona matotoru i roto i te nm 7-11. Ko te nuinga o lipids membrane Kei roto.

Ko te hanganga o te membrane wē whakarato te aroaro i roto i reira o te paparanga e rua. Tuatahi - he apa rua o phospholipids, me te tuarua - pūmua apa.

Ko te lipids o te membrane wē

Lipids, e he wahi o te membrane wē, kua wehea ki ngā rōpū e toru: steroids, sphingophospholipids me glycerophospholipids. titoa te rāpoi ngota muri kei o te toenga waipiro nonireka trihydric, kua whakakapia ai e rua o ngā ngota hauwai o ngā rōpū hydroxyl ki mekameka waikawa ngako, i te tuatoru o Hauwai ngota o te rōpū hydroxyl - toenga waikawa phosphoric, e, i roto i te tahuri, hono te toenga o tetahi o nga turanga nitrogenous.

Ka taea te wehea Glycerophospholipids muingota kia rua nga wahi: he upoko me te hiku. upoko hydrophilic (.. Ie, rewakore i roto i te wai), me hiku - hydrophobic (pei i ratou wai, engari wairewa i roto i ngā whakarewa organic). Nā ki tenei hanganga e taea te huaina glycerophospholipids rāpoi ngota amphiphilic, m. F., a hydrophobic me hydrophilic te wā kotahi.

Sphingophospholipids rite i roto i te hanganga matū ki glycerophospholipids. Ko rerekē ratou i te i runga i roto i te hanganga hei utu o te toenga o te nonireka i te tuwhene o waipiro sphingosine. hoki i upoko me hiawero ratou rāpoi ngota.

Ko te pikitia i raro nei hoahoa hanganga mārama kitea o te membrane wē.

pūmua membrane wē

Ko pūmua no ki te hanganga o te membrane wē, ko reira te nuinga glycoproteins.

Tei runga i te wāhi o te anga e taea te wehea ki e rua ngā rōpū: piringa, me te wāhi. Ko te tuatahi - te hunga e te hunga i runga i te mata o te membrane, me te tuarua - ko te hunga e tomo te matotoru katoa o te anga, me te ko i roto i te apa lipid.

Tei runga i te mahi i mahi e te pūmua, e taea te wehea ratou ki e wha ngā rōpū: whākōkī, hanganga, waka me te receptor.

e kore te pūmua katoa e kua kitea i roto i te hanganga o te membrane wē matū e pā ana ki phospholipids. Na e taea e ratou te neke noa i roto i te kahu turanga o te membrane, kia kohikohi i roto i ngā rōpū, me pera i runga i. D. Ko te aha e kore e taea e huaina te hanganga o te membrane wē o ngā pūtau pateko. Ko reira hihiri, i te mea he rerekē haere tonu.

He aha te tūranga e te membrane pūtau?

Ko te hanganga o te membrane wē taea ki te faaruru i te reira ki te mahi e rima.

Ko te tuatahi, me te matua - ki te aukati i te cytoplasm. Ki tenei pūtau he āhua tamau me te rahi. whakaratohia te mahia o tenei mahi e te meka e te membrane wē o te kaha, me te rapa.

Ko te tūranga tuarua - te whakarato hoapā pūtau-pūtau. Nā ki tona ngāwari te membrane wē o ngā pūtau kararehe e taea te hanga protuberances me nga taiepa i ratou hononga.

Ko te mahi i muri o te membrane pūtau - waka. Kei te whakarite te reira e te pūmua motuhake. Ngā mihi ki a ratou, e taea te kawea te taonga e hiahiatia ana ki te pūtau me te ururua - tikanga o reira.

I tua atu, mahi te membrane wē te mahi enzymatic. Te reira i kawea ano i roto i te whakawhetai ki te pūmua.

Na te mahi whakamutunga - whakaoho. No te mea kei te whai wāhi te pūmua ki etahi tikanga kia taui i to ratou hanganga mokowā, te membrane wē o ngā pūtau kia unga tohu.

Na e matau ana koutou katoa o te kiriuhi: He aha te mea te koiora membrane, he aha ratou e, me pehea ki te hanga i te membrane wē me organelles membrane, e mahi mahi ratou.