Ko te Poari o Prince Ivan Kalita. Ivan Kalita: I te rangatiratanga

hinga kaupapa here nui i roto i te whakawhetai hītori ki to ratou mahi, a kahore he pii, engari ko reira ratou te hunga, kotahi raraunga kapi tukua uri ki te aromatawai i te whānuitanga o te tangata o te rangatira. Tona ingoa Kalita Ivan Danilovich riro i roto i te ora o te manaaki whakaaturia ki te rawakore. Kalita - he putea hiako, putea. I roto i Moscow noho whenua i te pūrākau e pā ana ki te āhua o Prince tufaki moni hiriwa, i tangohia e atu i te putea hiako iri i runga i te whitiki. I tua atu, e kore e tohu i te moni, hokona e ia te rangatiratanga, tata, te rohirohi ore whenua hou priraschivaya. Ko te tangata taranata takawaenga faahiahia o, mahara, me te ohaoha, rauhanga, me te uaua, piri maha whenua Russian ka whakaturia te kāwanatanga Moscow - te reira te Duke Grand o Moscow, Ivan Kalita, nga tau o tona kingitanga - i 1325 ki te 1340 teie mahana e korero tatou e pā ana ki reira.

He uri o Aleksandra Nevskogo

E kore e nga meatanga pupuri raraunga tika i runga i te wa o te whanautanga o Ivan Danilovich: kua arahina hītori mo te wā i 1282 i runga i 1283 tau. Ko ia te wha o nga tama a Moscow Prince Daniel Alexandrovich me tama o Aleksandra Nevskogo. E ai ki nga ture o taua wa kihai i taea e te tuawha tama tumanako mo te torona rangatira, engari tahuri te reira i roto i taua ka mau te reira i te ingoa o Ivan ahau Kalita. Ko nga rangatira o Russia mau maha tari tūmatanui ohorere.

Ko te ara ki te torona

Ko te whakahua tuatahi o Ivan Danilovich i te Novgorod Chronicle tuhia te 1296 tau e tika ana ki tona ahua i roto i te pa. I te timatanga o te tekau ma wha rau i kingi ai ia i roto i Pereslavl-Zaleski, a pai ka mau ia ia i roto i te pakanga ki te Tver boyars Akinfiev i 1305.

I roto i te 1303 ka mate tona papa Ivan Daniil Aleksandrovich, a ka haere torona rangatira tona tuakana Yuri, e kingi Moscow oneone ki 1303 i runga i 1325 tau. Kua whakaratohia tenei wa katoa Ivan tautoko kaha ki Yuri. E mea pinepine whai wāhi i roto i te pakanga, a haere ana ki te Golden Horde Yuri Danilovich ki te ngakau marino mahue te kawanatanga, i titiro pai i muri Ivan Kalita. I roto i te kingitanga o Yuri Danilovich - ki 1303 mō te 1325 i roto i tenei wa, mo te ngā take i patua te tahi atu teina Ivan Kalita, a ka i roto i nga ringa o te rangatira Horde Tver mate Yury o Moscow, mai te rangatiratanga Ivana Kality.

Ko te timatanga o te kingitanga o

Ko te wā uaua. ka whakawhānui ope Power ki te katoa o Russia. Na ka tautohe nga kingitanga o ia rangatira i roto i te Horde. A, no te mau a John Danilovich te torona, i takoha ia ki te haere ki te Golden Horde. He i roto i tona marama katoa whakakitea e ia ona pūkenga nui takawaenga. i taea e ki te te whakarite ia i hoatu ki nga Tatars mau horo'araa o te faufaa rahi atu i rapu oraraa rangimarie, ka tiaki Muscovy i te marau o te Tatars, meinga raru nui.

I aua ra, te rongo, me te ata i tata taea. I muri i te katoa, ki te whakahaere i te utu takoha nui ki te wa, ki te te pehea o te Tatar ngā takatakahanga, hoa - te rangatira - i taea maunu te pakanga hou. Moscow rangatira whakataetae tonu ki te Tver. Na ko Tver i roto i te tūranga pai atu Moscow. tu ana ia ki runga ki te Täingäwai, a tupu taonga tauhokohoko ki ia tau e haere ake me te ake ki te pehi i te whenua Russian. Kei te matau te reira i Ivan Danilovich Kalita. kingi kua whakaakona nga tau ia te manawanui, me te whakamahi i te tūponotanga taka-iho, ara te fakamamahi tino.

Wāhanga i roto i te ō rātau ki Tver me ona nunu'a

Eaha tei tupu i roto i August 1327 whakatikanga ake Tver ki te Tatars, mamae a tverichey, tahuri te akoranga o te hītori i roto i te aronga rerekē. Ko te hua o te tutu rongonui i oti te whakangaromanga o te hoia Tatar i te Horde kore i taea e te āwhina engari te whakautu. A i roto i te 1328 i whakanoho iho ia i he ō rātau ki Tver, i roto i nei maha rangatira, tae atu Ivan Kalita, nga tau o tona kingitanga i timata tika. kihai i taea e ia faaroo ore, a ka kite i roto i te pehanga o Tver mana o te kāwanatanga Muscovite heke mai. I muri i te hinganga o Tver tikanga i roto i a ia rere Prince Alexander ki Pskov. Ivan Kalita i Uzbek Khan eke ki te kainga o te rangatiratanga o Kostroma me te kaha ki te whakahaere i te Novgorod nui.

I muri i te matenga o te rangatira o Suzdal i 1331 Prince o Moscow i hanga i Khan Uzbek tapanga (tukua) mo te Duchy Grand o Vladimir, a meinga te rangatira o te pūnaha tōrangapū katoa i roto i Eastern Russia. I tua atu, Ivan Danilovich, e whakaatu ana kaha tino, i whakakikitia Khan ki rangona o te whakaaetanga: i whakaako ano 1 Ivan Uzbek ki te kohikohi takoha i te iwi i roto i te utu mo te kupu whakaari e kore ki te hanga i te huaki, ka tonoa Baskakov. Kua puritia taha e rua o ratou mau fafauraa, mutu nga Tartars pahua whenua Russian, wehi te riri o te Uzbek me Kalita ki tonu utu o te pupirikana whakapumautia.

nga take ā-

whakakororiatia Chronicles o aua wa te kingitanga o Prince Ivana Danilovicha Kality: whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki te Horde, kua tutuki ia he wā nui o te rongo mau, me te ata, i roto i nei kawea atu e rave rahi kaupapa nui-tauine, wāhi nui whakakaha te mana o Moscow.

takoha e wha tekau nga tau o te puku i ki oneone Russian Ivan Danilovich. Up tae noa ki 1368 i te whenua Moscow kihai i he huaki kotahi. Me pēhea te ki te mahi i te reira? whakamana Prince i mua i te Horde ona herenga katoa: utua wā ia takoha, hanga mau horo'araa e rave rahi Khan, ia wā e haere mai ana ki a ia.

Ivan Kalita: I te rangatiratanga

I runga i te pātai o te pehea, ki te kohikohi i taua moni nui o te moni, i reira he kahore whakahoki kotahi. Otiia, kua mohiotia ai e i te timatanga o tona kingitanga, i taea ki te ūkui i te ara i kaipahua me looters te rangatira, chinivshih ratou whakama, hoki i riro ia rua o īngoa - pai, ka kawea ki a Moscow kaihokohoko me tira, te whakanui ake i te mau ohipa tere me ngā tikanga.

I tua atu, te ite e pootitia ana rangatira rohe te ōwehenga nui o te takoha i kohia, whakamahia Ivan Danilovich tikanga nanakia ki tona kohinga tonu, a whiua tahae kawana e kore e tohungia ki a ratou hoariri.

hanga Ivan Danilovich kua maha ngā haerenga ki te raki Russian, i roto i nei heheu tetahi puna o te moni - hī huruhuru. He pea enei tikanga, ka tukua ia ki te tino kore anake tātai ki te Golden Horde, engari ano ki te hanga huringa nui i roto i te rangatiratanga.

Moscow - te whakapaipai o te Ekalesia Russian

kihai a Ivan Danilovich he karakia tika, ko ia tino o whakawhetai motuhake ki te maitai o te Atua, a ka kiia i runga i te āwhina o te Metropolitan i te whakatinanatanga o ratou mahere ki whakakotahi i te whenua Russian me te whakapakari o te Moscow State. Tiaki e pā ana ki te haumaru o te rangatiratanga, Ivan Danilovich whakaara ake oki hou Kremlin, e tiaki i te pokapū te pa, me te whakatokia. I runga i te rohe o te Kremlin i 1326 ki te 1333 tau, hanga nga mau hiero kohatu nehenehe: Arkhangelsk, te Faaora e, me te whakaaro Cathedral, Ekalesia o Ioanna Lestvichnika me te Ekalesia o te Faahuru.

Ko tētahi o nga whakatutukitanga nui o te whawhai rangatira Moscow hoki aoniu i roto i nga whenua Russian o te apato'erau ko he haumi ki te tari tāone, i whakarewahia ake Yuri Danilovich.

Pea ko reira awe tenei kaupapa hanga rahi te whakatau Metropolitan Pita ki te whakarite i tona noho i roto i Moscow. Hoki te maha o nga tau i i rapu ia mo te whenua e tika ana mo tenei whakaaro. I roto i te 1326 Metropolitan Pita mate a tanumia i roto i Moscow. I muri, ka rite ki te rangatira o Vladimir, hanga Ivan Danilovich kua te canonization o Pita.

Te Poari me te mahi o Ivan Kalita

I runga i te tautoko mātātoa o te Siu Ekalesia Russian, me te kawe i roto i te kaupapa here mātau o whakakotahi nga whenua Russian, Ivan 1 hokona riro kawanatanga hou ranei, mahue nga whatumanawa o te mana i roto i nga ringa o nga rangatira rohe, te whakawhiti ki te mana o kawana o te rangatira Moscow. Ko te reo matatini i te pae varua Dmitry Donskoi, tama a Ivan Danilovich tohua i runga i hono i te whenua Moscow hokona i ngā wā rerekē o Uglich, Galich ko Merskogo Beloozero.

Uaua, mō te Ivan Danilovich kua tonu i te hononga ki Tver. I muri i te whakatikanga ake o 1337 ki te 1327 tau o ona ture tika mateaki Konstantin, engari ka hoki ki a Tver Prince-whakarau, murua ia Khan Uzbek, Alexander. Ite i taua aroraa tīmata ano, ka haere Ivan Danilovich ki te Horde me, hoatu mau horo'araa Khan faauru ia i te tākaro Alexander he kēmu rua, i roto i te mahi o Lithuania. I roto i te tahuri te rangatira o Tver me rauhanga, engari toa Kalita, a i roto i 1339 i roto i te Horde Khan Uzbek mahi ana ia me tana tama Theodore. mahi pakeke ia ki ana hoariri, Ivan Kalita 1. I roto i te rangatiratanga orua ki te nanakia, me te uaua, na takaro ia e ona tikanga.

Aromātai to'utangatá tino hekeretari

Ko te angitu whakamutunga o Ivan Danilovich. I roto i te puna o 1340 ka ia tino mate, mutu a tangohia ana taurangi Monastic i roto i te Spassky Monastery, i hanga tata tona noho. I reira pau ia ona marama whakamutunga o tona ora, ka mate i roto i Maehe 1341.

pupuritia te reira i te tohu tuhituhi pai, tuhituhia e tetahi o nga kuraina. Kei te karanga a te reira "Whakamoemititia Ivan Kalita", te wahi tino i titiro mahi me ngā mahi "kaikohi o te whenua Russian", i te mea te rangatira Ivan Kalita, biography, ngā kaupapa here poari me wawata i nga raro ki te whāinga pai taua - ki te waihanga i te āhua Moscow.